In this particular section, Josephus addresses the nasty accusations and outright lies that were being spread about the Jewish people. He argues that these slanders are, well, just plain wrong and that the accusers often contradict themselves in the process. It’s a powerful defense against antisemitism, written nearly two thousand years ago, yet still relevant today.
Josephus points out that this kind of slander isn't unique to the Jewish people. He observes that many historians, driven by envy or malice, have tried to tarnish the reputations of entire nations, noble cities, and even different forms of government. It’s not just us, he seems to say. This is a common tactic.
He brings up examples like Theopompus, who allegedly trashed the city of Athens, and Polycrates, who did the same to Lacedaemon (Sparta). There's also the author of Tripoliticus (who, Josephus insists, wasn't Theopompus, contrary to popular belief), who attacked Thebes. And let’s not forget Timæus, who, according to Josephus, abused many different groups of people.
Why do they do it? Josephus suggests a couple of reasons. Sometimes it's pure envy and malice. Other times, it's a desperate attempt to gain attention and be remembered. "Hey, look at me," they seem to say, "I'm taking down the mighty!"
And Josephus is clear: it might work on some of the more gullible folks, but those with "sober judgment" – people who think critically – will see right through the lies and condemn the slanderers for their "great malignity." Josephus understood that truth and fairness matter, and that baseless accusations ultimately reveal more about the accuser than the accused.
It's a lesson that resonates even now, isn’t it? How often do we see individuals or groups unfairly targeted with hateful rhetoric? Josephus reminds us to be discerning, to question the motives behind the accusations, and to recognize that those who spread lies often do so out of their own insecurities and prejudices. Maybe that's why his words, written so long ago, still carry such weight. Maybe it’s because the human heart, for better or worse, hasn't changed all that much.