Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 13 | Jewish Mythology

And the Lord remembered Sarah, as he had said (Gen. 21:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: God is not a man that He should lie; neither the son of man, that He should repent; when He hath said, will He will not do it? Or when He hath spoken, will He not make it good? (Num. 23:19). R. Samuel the son of Nahman contended: The conclusion of this verse contradicts the beginning. It begins: God is not a man that He should lie, but subsequently it reverses itself by stating: when He hath said, will He not do it? What is meant by God is not a man that He should lie? It indicates that when the Holy One, blessed be He, promises to perform a good deed, He does so. For example: A mortal king may promise his son a gift, but if his son angers him, he will withdraw his promise. However, if the Holy One, blessed be He, promises to do a good deed, He will not retract His promise even though they sin against Him. Scripture states: And He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took the labor of the peoples in possession; that they might keep His statutes and observe His Laws (Ps. 105:44–45), and even though they neglected to keep His commandments and to observe His laws, He gave them the land. Similarly, though the Israelites erected the golden calf, when Moses pleaded for mercy in their behalf, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Depart, go up hence, thou and the people thou hast brought out of the land of Egypt (Exod. 33:1). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Moses, I am not like a man who promises a gift and then retracts. Hence, it says: God is not a man that He should lie.

What is meant by When He hath said, will He not do it? It means that though He should decide in a moment of anger to inflict misfortune, He might rescind that decision. For example, though He said to Moses: Let Me alone that I may destroy them and blot out their name (Deut. 9:14), He did not do so, for The Lord repented of the evil (Exod. 32:14). Likewise, though He declared: Now, therefore, let Me alone that My wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them (ibid., v. 10), yet he did not do so. Instead, the Holy One, blessed be He, exclaimed: I have pardoned according to thy word (Num. 14:20). Hence, the Holy One, blessed be He, said: I am not a man who threatens to do evil and then haughtily does it.

R. Huna Hakohen (“the priest”) stated in the name of R. Aha: This is proven by what occurred at the time Jeremiah said: Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, and live (Jer. 27:12). Hananiah the son of Azzur, the false prophet, had prophesied good tidings, as it is said: And they have healed the hurt of the daughters of my people lightly, saying peace when there is no peace (ibid. 8:11), and he had told them also: Behold, the vessels of the house of the Lord shall now shortly be brought again from Babylon (ibid. 27:16). Thereupon Jeremiah exclaimed: I prophesy evil in accordance with the word of the Holy One, blessed be He, while you prophesy good tidings falsely of your own accord. Yet may it be that the Lord fulfill the words which thou hast prophesied, to bring back the vessels of the Lord’s house (ibid. 28:6).

The Holy One, blessed be He, told Jeremiah: Make thee bands and bars and put them upon thy neck (ibid. 27:2), just as, in the future, Nebuchadnezzar will bind them about the necks of My children. And he did so (on himself). However, Hananiah removed them from Jeremiah’s neck and destroyed them, as it is said: Hananiah the prophet took the bar from off the prophet Jeremiah’s neck, and broke it. And Hananiah spoke in the presence of all the people, saying: “Thus saith the Lord: Even so will I break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon” (Jer. 28: 10–11). Jeremiah, thereupon, called out to Hananiah: There have been prophets before me and you, but the prophet that prophesieth of peace, when the word of the prophet shall come to pass, then shall the prophet be known, that the Lord hath truly sent him (ibid., v. 9). I have prophesied misfortune, but if my prophecy does not come to pass, I shall not necessarily have lied, for the Holy One, blessed be He, may threaten to do evil and then retract. But you have prophesied good tidings; if your words do not come to pass, then you shall be a false prophet, for when the Holy One, blessed be He, promises to do a good deed He does not retract His promise even though men transgress against Him.

You find also that though the Holy One, blessed be He, told Ezekiel in a moment of anger: As I live, … I will not be inquired of by you (Ezek. 20:3), He later retracted this statement, as it is said: I will yet for this be inquired of by the house of Israel, to do it for them; I will increase them with men like a flock (ibid. 36:37). Hence the words God is not a man that He should lie refer to His promises of good, and the words When He hath said, will He not do it? allude to His threats of misfortune. You know this is so also from what is written concerning the angels’ visit to Sarah: I will certainly return to thee; and, lo, Sarah, thy wife, shall have a son (Gen. 18:10). Zabdi the son of Levi stated: The angel drew a mark upon the wall and told her: When the sun reaches that mark, you will conceive. And when the sun touched the mark, Sarah did conceive, as is said: And the Lord remembered Sarah (ibid. 21:1).

Our sages maintained that she had despaired of ever giving birth to a child and was so astonished by his words, that she said to herself: I am waxed old; shall I have pleasure? (ibid. 18:12)? Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be He, declared: I will make it known to her that she shall beget a child. How did He do this? We read that when the angel came, Abraham told her: Bring quickly three measures of fine meal (ibid., v. 6). R. Judah the son of Shalum commented upon this as follows: While she was kneading the dough, she began to menstruate, and that is why Abraham did not bring the bread, but only curd, milk, and the calf (ibid., v. 8).14Bread prepared by a menstruating woman may not be eaten, because she is considered to be in a state of impurity. The Holy One, blessed be He, declared: I have already told Abraham: Thus shall be your seed (ibid. 15:5). What is the meaning of Thus shall be? R. Tanhuma said in the name of R. Aha: These words indicate that the world will never lack thirty righteous men, since the letters in the word yihyeh (“shall be”) total thirty arithmetically.15Tradition has increased the number to thirty-six. Hence, Scripture says: And the Lord remembered Sarah.

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