This is exactly the concern that arises in Sifrei Devarim, a rabbinic commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy.
The text addresses a critical aspect of justice: familiarity and legitimacy. The verse in question speaks of setting leaders "at your heads," but what does it really mean to know them? What does it mean for them to be "known among your tribes"?
The Sifrei Devarim explains that it's not enough for someone to simply appear righteous or qualified. "If someone comes cloaked in his talith," the prayer shawl, "and sits before me, I know nothing about him." It's about having a shared history, a communal understanding. You know this person because you grew up with them. You've seen their character tested over time. That's what makes them "known to your tribes."
Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel takes it a step further. He says that before any judicial session begins, there should be a period of questioning. Not just accepting someone at face value. People should ask: "Why did this man consent to sit as a judge? And why did this man not consent to sit?" This process ensures accountability and transparency. It forces the community to actively consider who they are entrusting with power, and why.
Why this emphasis on community endorsement?
The Sifrei Devarim anticipates a potential misunderstanding. You might think that simply appointing leaders is enough. You might think that simply bestowing greatness on them makes them great. But the text is clear: "And I shall set them at your heads." This phrase indicates that the Divine seal of approval is necessary. God's endorsement is essential for true authority.
However, that Divine endorsement doesn't operate in a vacuum. It requires the active participation and recognition of the community. "If I appoint them, they are appointed; if not, they are not appointed." It's a beautiful interplay between divine will and human agency. If God has designated someone, it's up to the community to recognize and affirm that designation. And if the community doesn't accept them, that appointment is effectively nullified.
And the text continues "if you have accorded them greatness they are great, and if not, they are not great". This is the other side of the same coin. The community must also uphold their leaders and provide them with the honor and status they deserve. Without that communal support, the leaders will be unable to fulfill their roles effectively.
What does this mean for us today?
Perhaps it's a reminder that true leadership is earned, not simply bestowed. It requires a foundation of trust, built on shared experiences and a commitment to the common good. It's a call to be active participants in our communities, not just passive observers. To ask the hard questions, to hold our leaders accountable, and to ensure that those in positions of power truly represent the values and aspirations of the people they serve. Because in the end, true authority comes not just from above, but from within the community itself.