Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha

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The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha: ancient Jewish texts composed during the Second Temple period that, while not included in the canonical Hebrew Bible, preserve invaluable traditions about angels, the afterlife, and the end of days.

The Folly of Marrying an Old Wife

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Lamed

The letter Lamed marks a sharp turn. After several proverbs about daughters, Ben Sira pivots to marriage itself: "Do not sleep in your youth, and when you are old, do not marry an ...

Wisdom

Sweet Waters and Bitter Waters

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Mem

The letter Mem — which in Hebrew also means "water" — brings a proverb built entirely around that elemental image: "The waters of a virgin wife are sweet and add strength; the wate...

Wisdom

Escaping a Wife With a Sharp Tongue

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Nun

The letter Nun delivers a proverb about the domestic nightmare the Alphabet of Ben Sira seems to fear most — not infidelity, not poverty, but a wife who won't stop talking: "Shake ...

Wisdom

A Scribe Should Marry a Virgin

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Samech

The Alphabet of Ben Sira, a satirical and provocative medieval text composed between 700 and 1000 CE, doesn't shy away from blunt advice about marriage. In this proverb, tied to th...

Wisdom

Beware the Widowed Woman's Beauty

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Ayin

"Blind your eyes because of a widowed woman, and do not covet her beauty in your heart." That's what Ben Sira says, in the proverb attached to the Hebrew letter Ayin (ע) -- and it'...

Wisdom

Stay Away From Evil Friends

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Peh

"Control your face around evil friends. Do not walk on the road with them. Hold your feet back around them, lest you be caught in their trap." This proverb, corresponding to the le...

Wisdom

Hide Your Wealth During Your Lifetime

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Tzadi

"My son, hide your money during your lifetime and store it, and until the day of your death, do not give it to your heirs." This is the proverb of the letter Tzadi (צ) in the Alpha...

Wisdom

Acquire Money and Fear of God

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Kuf

"Acquire for yourself money, and a good wife, fear of God, and accumulate sons for yourself, even a hundred of them." The letter Kuf (ק) in the Alphabet of Ben Sira delivers a prov...

WisdomTorah

Distance Yourself From Evil Neighbors

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Resh

"Distance yourself from an evil neighbor and do not be counted among their friends." So begins the proverb of the letter Resh (ר) in the Alphabet of Ben Sira. It sounds like a stra...

Wisdom
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