Jewish mystical tradition delves into this very question, painting a fascinating picture of divine perception.
In the Idra Zuta, a key text within the Zohar – the foundational work of Kabbalah – we find a rather detailed description of these "eyes." It's not a simple, singular gaze, but rather a complex system of perception, differentiated by color and function.
The text speaks of seven "eyes" derived from the color red. Red, you see, is associated with the Sefirah of Gevurah, often translated as judgment or severity. These eyes, we're told, are "watchful judgment bearers." They are the very eyes referenced in II Chronicles (Divrei Hayamim 16:9): "the eyes of Hashem run to and fro throughout the whole earth."
But here's a curious detail. The word for "roam" or "run to and fro" in that verse uses a feminine plural suffix. Why feminine? Because, the Idra Zuta explains, these eyes pertain to judgments, which are often associated with the feminine principle in Kabbalah.
Then there are the eyes born from the color green. Green represents the central column on the Sefirotic tree, the pillar of balance and harmony. Because this column reconciles both Chesed (loving-kindness) and Gevurah (judgment), these eyes are prepared to reveal both the good and bad actions of humankind. As it says in Job (Iyov 34:21), "For his eyes are upon the ways of man."
Interestingly, the verse from Zechariah (4:10) describing these eyes – "the eyes of Hashem, they rove to and fro" – uses a masculine suffix. Why the shift? Because these eyes, connected to the central column, move in two directions: for good and for evil. The green color, being central, reflects the masculine energy of Chesed shining forth, balancing the feminine of judgment.
Finally, from the white color in the eye comes every mercy and every goodness in the world, all directed toward doing good for Israel. When the red, green, and black (yes, black is implied, representing the hidden, unfathomable aspects of the divine) are infused with white – with mercy – then compassion prevails.
So, what are we to make of all this? It’s not a literal anatomical description, of course. It's a symbolic representation of how God perceives the world. It suggests that divine observation is multifaceted, encompassing judgment, discernment, and ultimately, mercy. It's a reminder that even in the face of judgment, the potential for mercy and goodness always exists. It's all a matter of perspective... through the eyes of God.