“And then I will sound the trumpet 1 out of the air, and will send mine Elect One,2 having in him all my power, one measure3; and this one shall summon4 my despised people from the nations,5 and I will burn with fire6 those7 who have insulted them and who have ruled among8 them in (this) Age. “And I will give those who have covered me with mockery to the scorn of the coming Age;9 and I have prepared them to be food 1 0 for the fire of Hades and for ceaseless flight to and fro through the air in the underworld beneath the earth11 [the body filled with worms.12 For on them shall th ey see the righteousness of th e Creator—those, namely, who have chosen to do my will, and those who have openly kept my13 commandments,14 (and) they shall rejoice with joy over the

The t r um p et is blown to announce the Divine intervention and the coming of salvation; it is n ot a direct summons to the exiles to return (cf. Volz, p. 310); cf. Benediction X in the Shm Çn ‘ ‘ Es r ‘ P r ayer (Singer, p. 48): Sound the great horn for our freedom; lift up the ensign to gather our ex iles, and gat her us from the four corners of the earth. This title of the Messiah is a favourite on e in th e “ Si militudes” of 1 Enoch; cf. 1 Enoch xlviii. 9, lv. 4, etc. It recurs as a Messianic title in Luke ix. 35, xxiii. 35, and goes back to Is. xlii. 1. i.e. a measure of all th e divine attributes—he reflects in little the totality of t h e div in e character. This is an exalted conception, but does no t s eem to imply more than that the Messiah is a divinely end owed m a n, f ul l o f the power of the Holy Spirit (Is. xi. 1), which makes him free from sin (Ps. Sol. xvii. 36 f.). He is not depicted as a supernatural angelic being like Met a t r o n. H e i s sent by God at the appointed time; cf. Ps. Sol. xvii. 23, Gal. iv. 4, John xvii. 3. N ot e t hat it is th e Messiah here who summons the outcast Israelites from the nations (so also Ps. Sol. xvii. 28, Matt. xxiv. 31, 4 Ezra xiii. 39). More usually th is is perform ed by God Himself (cf. the prayer cited in note1 above). Cf. Is. lx. 4. Punishment of the godless by fire at God’s hands is a common featur e in the eschatology. It is the fire of the divin e an ger t h at i s t h ought of, and is based upon Mal. iv. 1 (iii. 19); cf. the “fiery stream” and “flaming breath” which t h e Messiah emits from his mouth to destroy his enemies in 4 Ezra xiii. 10 (interpreted figuratively in verses 36 f.). A adds through him (after I will), i. e. th rough th e Messiah; K, through them. i. e. the heathen nations. i. e. “over.” Cf. Ap. Bar. lxxii. 6 ( “ Bu t al l t hose who have ruled over you... shall be given to the sword”). Those who have s co r n e d s h a l l be scorned; cf. Wisdom iv. 18, Dan. xii. 2, Ps. Sol. ii. 32 f. (“the coming Age” is the Age of the righteous). Possibly renegade Jews are referred to, and are the subject of the remaining part of this chapter. Cf. Mal. iv. I (iii. 19). Here t wo co n ceptions seem to be mixed; there is (1) the idea of “th e fire of Hades” (or Hell), which is located beneath the earth (for “Hades” = Hell in this sense: cf. Ps. Sol. xv. 11); t h i s f i re consumes their bodies; (2) combined with this is the idea of wanderin g (f l ying) restlessly about (properly in the air or outer darkn ess); cf. 4 Ezra vii. 80. In T. B. Shabb. 152b the souls of the wicked are said to be given no p l ac e o f re st t ill the judgement. Here (at the word earth) S ends. The rest of the text (printed in small type) is found both in A and K. In Judith xvi. 17 “fire and worms” await the heathen enemie s of Israel; cf. Ecclus. vii. 17, 1 En och x l v i. 6 (“darkness will be their dwelling and worm s th eir bed”), Is. lxvi. 24. Here renegade Jews ar e probably meant. 14 A, thy. Cf. Is. lxvi. 24, 4 Ezra vii. 93.

downfal l of t h e m en who still remain, who have followed the idols and their murders.1 For they shall putrefy in the b o dy o f t h e evil worm Azazel,2 and be burn t with the fire of A zazel’s tongue;3 for I hoped th at they would come to m e,4 and n ot have l o v ed an d p rai s ed th e strange (god),5 and n ot have adhered to h im for wh om they were not allotted,6 but (instead) they have forsaken the migh ty Lord.”

Conclusion (Chapter XXXII.)