Another interpretation: "in a flame of fire" [belabbat esh] — for the heart [lev] is set in two parts. Why from within the thornbush and not from within another tree? The Holy One, blessed be He, says, "I am with him in trouble" (Psalms 91:15); they are placed in bondage, and shall I reveal Myself from within another tree? Therefore from within the thornbush, which is wholly full of thorns. "And Moses said: I will turn aside now and see" (Exodus 3:3). Rabbi Yohanan said: Moses took three steps. Resh Lakish said: He did not step, but only craned his neck. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: You troubled yourself to see; by your life, I shall reveal Myself to you. At once, "And God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said: Moses, Moses, and he said: Here am I." The Holy One, blessed be He, said: You said "Here am I"; by your life, so too will I, "Then you shall call, and the LORD will answer; you shall cry, and He will say: Here am I" (Isaiah 58:9). "And he came to the mountain of God, unto Horeb" — for from there [from Horeb] those who bear swords [charavot] became liable, such as the murderer, the adulterer, and the adulteress.
Why God Revealed Himself From Within the Thornbush
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 169:10
דָּבָר אַחֵר, בְּלַבַּת אֵשׁ, שֶׁהַלֵּב נָתוּן מִשְּׁנֵי חֲלָקִים. לָמָּה מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ אִילָן אַחֵר, אוֹמֵר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא "עִמּוֹ אָנֹכִי בְּצָרָה", וְהֵם נְתוּנִים בְּשִׁעְבּוּד וַאֲנִי נִגְלֶה מִתּוֹךְ אִילָן אַחֵר, לְפִיכָךְ מִתּוֹךְ הַסְנֶה שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ מָלֵא קוֹצִים. וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אָסֻרָה נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר, שָׁלֹשׁ פְּסִיעוֹת פָּסַע מֹשֶׁה, רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר, לֹא פָּסַע, אֶלָּא צַוָּארוֹ עִקֵּם. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, נִצְטָעַרְתָּ לִרְאוֹת, חַיֶּיךָ שֶׁאֶגָּלֶה עָלֶיךָ, מִיָּד וַיִּקְרָא אֵלָיו אֱלֹהִים מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּנִי. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ הִנֵּנִי, חַיֶּיךָ אַף אֲנִי (ישעיהו נח, ט) "אָז תִּקְרָא וַה' יַעֲנֶה תְשַׁוַע וְיֹאמַר הִנֵּנִי". וַיָּבֹא אֶל הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵבָה, שֶׁמִּשָּׁם נִתְחַיְּבוּ בַּעֲלֵי חֲרָבוֹת כְּגוֹן רוֹצֵחַ וְנוֹאֵף וְנוֹאֶפֶת.