Rav Idi bar Avin said in the name of Rabbi Amram, who said in the name of Rabbi Yitzhak, who said in the name of Rabbi Yohanan: Rabbi Yehudah says in the name of Rabbi Yose the Galilean, every prohibition in the Torah that is a negative commandment involving an action, one is flogged for it; a negative commandment that does not involve an action, one is not flogged for it, except for one who swears falsely, one who exchanges a consecrated animal, and one who curses his fellow using the divine Name. From where do we learn the case of one who swears? Rabbi Yohanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai: Scripture says, "You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not clear one who takes His name in vain" (Exodus 20:7). The court above does not clear him, but the court below flogs him and thereby clears him. Rav Pappa said to Abaye: Perhaps the Merciful One means it this way, that He will not clear him at all? He replied: If it were written "He will not clear," it would be as you say; but now that it is written "for the LORD will not clear," it is the LORD who does not clear him, yet the court below flogs him and clears him. We have found a source for the vain oath; from where do we learn the false oath? Rabbi Yohanan himself said: "in vain," "in vain" is written two times. If the second is not needed for the matter of the vain oath, apply it to the matter of the false oath, such as one who swears "I ate" when he did not eat. And why are they different? Rava said: Explicitly the Torah broadened the false oath to resemble the vain oath; just as the vain oath concerns the past, so too the false oath concerns the past.
When the Court Below Flogs What Heaven Will Not Clear
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 293:2
אָמַר רַב אִידִי בַּר אָבִין אָמַר רַבִּי עַמְרָם אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, כָּל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה לָאו שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה לוֹקִין עָלָיו, לָאו שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה אֵין לוֹקִין עָלָיו, חוּץ מִנִּשְׁבָּע וּמֵימֵר וּמְקַלֵּל חֲבֵרוֹ בְּשֵׁם. נִשְׁבָּע מִנָּלָן, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי, אָמַר קְרָא לֹא תִשָּׂא אֶת שֵׁם ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לַשָּׁוְא כִּי לֹא יְנַקֶּה וְגוֹ', בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַעְלָה אֵין מְנַקִּין אוֹתוֹ, אֲבָל בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ. אָמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְאַבַּיֵּי, דִּלְמָא הָכִי קָאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, לֹא יְנַקֶּה כְּלָל. אִי כְּתִיב לֹא יְנַקֶּה כִּדְקָאַמְרֵת, הַשְׁתָּא דִּכְתִיב כִּי לֹא יְנַקֶּה ה', ה' הוּא דְּאֵינוֹ מְנַקֶּה אֲבָל בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ וּמְנַקִּין אוֹתוֹ. אַשְׁכְּחָן שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא, שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר מִנָלָן, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן דִּידֵיהּ אָמַר, לַשָּׁוְא לַשָּׁוְא שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים, אִם אֵינוֹ עִנְיָן לִשְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא תְּנֵהוּ עִנְיָן לִשְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר, כְּגוֹן אָכַלְתִּי וְלֹא אָכַלְתִּי. וּמַאי שְׁנָא, אָמַר רָבָא, בְּפֵרוּשׁ רִבְּתָה תּוֹרָה שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר דּוֹמֶה לְשָׁוְא, מַה שָׁוְא לְשֶׁעָבַר, אַף שֶׁקֶר נַמִּי לְשֶׁעָבַר.