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Istehar Tricked the Fallen Angel and Became a Star

When the angel Shemhazai demands her love, Istehar agrees on one condition: teach her the Name. She speaks it and rises into the sky forever.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Angel Descended Sure of Himself
  2. She Named Her Condition
  3. She Spoke It and Left the Earth
  4. What Happened to the Angels After
  5. What Istehar Kept

The Angel Descended Sure of Himself

Before the Flood, two angels stood in heaven and argued that they could resist the pull of earthly desire better than any human. God warned them. The inclination that pressed on people from the inside was something they had never felt. They had no bodies, no hunger, no beauty pressing against them. They did not understand what they were volunteering for.

They descended anyway. Their names were Shemhazai and Azazel, and their confidence lasted until they arrived among human women.

Shemhazai saw Istehar and wanted her.

She Named Her Condition

Istehar did not refuse him with force. She did not run. She listened to what he offered and thought about what she needed in return.

She told him she would agree, but first he had to teach her the divine Name, the Name that opened heaven and gave the speaker passage through the gates above.

The angel should have recognized the shape of the request. He was a celestial being. He knew what names were worth. But desire had already begun to operate the way God had warned, pressing from the inside, making the wrong decision feel like the natural one.

He taught her the Name.

She Spoke It and Left the Earth

Istehar pronounced the Name and rose. She did not hesitate once she had what she needed. She ascended through the heavens and was placed among the stars, fixed there beyond the reach of any descending angel.

Shemhazai stood below her, looking up.

He had come down from heaven to take something from the earth, and the earth had sent a woman up to heaven instead. The transaction was reversed. He had given the highest thing he possessed. She had used it to go where he could no longer follow her.

What Happened to the Angels After

Azazel took a different path. Where Shemhazai was undone by desire, Azazel taught human women how to ornament themselves and men how to forge weapons of war. He spread the technology of vanity and violence.

The two angels became the poles of a catastrophe. One gave away the sacred to pursue beauty and lost both. The other distributed the knowledge of adornment and destruction to a generation already straining toward ruin.

The Flood came. The corrupt generation drowned. The sons of Shemhazai, the giant Nephilim, were destroyed with everything else.

Shemhazai, consumed by grief and guilt, hung himself between heaven and earth, suspended upside down in the sky, unable to ascend because of what he had done, unable to descend because the earth that accepted his sin had been washed clean. He became a constellation, held there by his own shame.

What Istehar Kept

She had come into the night as the target of an angel's desire. She remained in it as a fixed point of light, lifted past every gate, past the constellation hanging upside down beneath her in its shame. The one woman who turned a fallen angel's gift into her own ascent was set in the sky and left there.

No voice from above named her righteous. No voice named her a saint. The record kept only what she did and where it put her, and let that height stand as the verdict.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Yalkut Shimoni, Bereishit 44Midrash Aggadah

All that night Lot was seeking mercy on behalf of the Sodomites, and they were accepting it from his hand. When they said (below, 19:5) "Where are the men? Bring them out to us, that we may know them" for intercourse, immediately they said to him (there, verse 12) "Whom else have you here?" Up to here you had permission to teach a defense; from here onward you have no permission. His disciples asked Rav Yosef: What is "Azazel"? He said to them: When the generation of the Flood arose and worshiped idolatry, the Holy One, blessed be He, was grieved. Immediately two angels arose, Shamchazai and Azazel, and said before Him: "Master of the universe, did we not say before You when You created Your world, 'What is man that You are mindful of him?' (Psalms 8:5)." He said to them: "And the world, what shall become of it?" They said to Him: "Master of the universe, we would have managed with it." He said to them: "It is revealed and known before Me that if you were dwelling on the earth, the evil inclination would rule over you, and you would be harsher than human beings." They said to Him: "Give us permission and we will dwell among the creatures, and You will see how we sanctify Your name." He said to them: "Go down and dwell among them." Immediately they became corrupt with the daughters of man, who were beautiful, and they could not subdue their inclination. Immediately Shamchazai saw a certain maiden whose name was Istahar. He set his eyes upon her; he said: "Hearken to me." She said to him: "I will not hearken to you until you teach me the Ineffable Name by which you ascend to the firmament when you mention it." He taught her that Name; she mentioned it and ascended to the firmament and did not become corrupt. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: "Since she separated herself from the transgression, go and set her among these seven stars, so that you may gain merit through them forever," and she was set in the Pleiades. When Shamchazai and Azazel saw this, they arose and took wives and begot children, Hiva and Hiya. And Azazel was over the kinds of dyes and over the kinds of ornaments of women that entice human beings to thoughts of transgression. Immediately Metatron sent a messenger to Shamchazai and said to him: "The Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to destroy His world and to bring a flood upon the world." Immediately he stood up weeping and was grieved over the world and over his sons: what would his sons do, from what would they eat if the world were destroyed, for each and every one of them used to eat each day a thousand camels and a thousand horses and a thousand oxen. At night Hiva and Hiya, both of them, saw dreams. One of them saw a great stone spread over the earth like a table, and the earth was engraved and written in lines upon lines, and an angel was descending from the firmament and in his hands a kind of knife, and he was scraping and erasing all those lines and left in it only four words. And the other one saw a great, excellent orchard planted with all kinds of trees, and in it were angels and in their hands axes, and they were cutting down all the trees and left in it only one tree of three branches. When they awoke, they arose in alarm and came to their father. He said to them: "The Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to bring a flood, and He will leave only Noah and his sons." When they heard this, they were crying out and weeping. He said to them: "Do not grieve, for your names will not cease from among the creatures, for whenever one decrees decrees, or raises up stones, or ships, they mention your names, Hiva and Hiya." Immediately their minds were set at ease. Shamchazai repented and suspended himself between heaven and earth, his head downward and his feet upward, and he is still suspended in repentance. Azazel did not repent and still stands in his corruption, to incite human beings to a matter of transgression by means of the colored garments of women. And for this reason Israel used to offer sacrifices on the Day of Atonement, one ram to the LORD to atone for Israel, and one ram to Azazel that he should bear the iniquities of Israel; and he is the Azazel of the Torah.

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Legends of the Jews 4:11Legends of the Jews

The ancient tales whisper of such a secret, and of the angels who coveted earthly delights, with consequences that echo through the stars.

Angels, beings of pure light and spirit, descending to Earth and being utterly captivated by the beauty of human women. It's a story ripe with temptation, forbidden desires, and a touch of the divine gone astray. It’s a story told in Legends of the Jews.

Among these angels was Shemhazai, and he, like the others, found himself completely enamored with the daughters of men. But one maiden, named Istehar, particularly caught his eye. Her grace and beauty were unparalleled.

Shemhazai was smitten, utterly head-over-wings in love. He desired Istehar above all else. But Istehar, she was clever. She saw an opportunity. She knew the angels possessed secrets, powers beyond human comprehension, and she wanted a piece of that celestial pie.

She made Shemhazai a bargain, a deal with potentially eternal consequences. "I will surrender myself to you," she said, "but only if you first teach me the Ineffable Name." This Ineffable Name, the Shem Hameforash (שם המפורש), was the secret, the key to his power, the very word that allowed him to ascend to heaven.

He was blinded by his desire, and he agreed. He revealed the secret. He taught her the Ineffable Name.

But Istehar, she had no intention of fulfilling her promise. As soon as she knew the Shem Hameforash, she uttered the sacred words. And just like that, she ascended to heaven, leaving Shemhazai behind, bound by his foolish promise, and consumed by unfulfilled longing.

And what became of Istehar? God, witnessing her cleverness and her resistance to sin, declared, "Because she kept herself aloof from sin, we will place her among the seven stars, that men may never forget her." And so, she became part of the constellation of the Pleiades, forever shining in the night sky as a evidence of her wisdom and purity. A mortal woman, outsmarting an angel, and being rewarded with a place amongst the stars. It’s a powerful reminder that even in the face of overwhelming temptation, virtue and cunning can triumph. It makes you wonder, doesn’t it? What secrets do we hold within ourselves, and what celestial heights might we reach if we choose wisely?

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Legends of the Jews, III. The Ten Generations, The Fall Of The AngelsLegends of the Jews

It's a story of desire, rebellion, and the consequences of crossing boundaries, a story that resonates even today.

In Legends of the Jews, Louis Ginzberg tells how the wickedness of humanity, already apparent in the days of Enosh, reached new heights during the time of his grandson, Jared. The catalyst? Watchers.

These weren't your run-of-the-mill celestial beings. They saw the beauty of human women and, well, they lusted. "We will choose wives for ourselves only from among the daughters of men, and beget children with them," they declared. But their leader, Shemhazai, had reservations. "I fear me," he said, "ye will not put this plan of yours into execution, and I alone shall have to suffer the consequences of a great sin."

To quell his fears, all of them swore a binding oath. Two hundred angels descended upon Mount Hermon – a name derived from the Hebrew word herem (חרם), meaning "anathema" or "ban," because that's where they bound themselves to this forbidden purpose. Led by twenty captains, they took human wives and taught them forbidden knowledge: charms, conjuring formulas, the secrets of roots, and the power of plants.

The result of these unions? Giants. And not just any giants. These behemoths stood three thousand amot (אמות) tall – that's ells, an old measurement roughly equivalent to the length of a forearm! These giants consumed everything, first the possessions of humans, then the humans themselves. The earth itself cried out in protest against this impiety, as we find in Midrash Rabbah.

But the corruption didn't stop there. Azazel, another Watcher, taught humans the art of warfare: how to make knives, swords, shields, and armor. He revealed the secrets of metallurgy and showed them how to adorn themselves with jewelry, makeup, and precious stones. Shemhazai taught exorcism, while others, like Armaros, instructed in spellcasting; Barakel, divination; Kawkabel, astrology; Ezekeel, augury; Arakiel, earth signs; Samsaweel, solar signs; and Seriel, lunar signs.

Amidst all this chaos, there lived a righteous man: Enoch. Hidden away, communing with the angels and holy ones, he was chosen to deliver a dire message. God called to him, "Enoch, thou scribe of justice, go unto the watchers of the heavens… Go and proclaim unto them that they shall find neither peace nor pardon." He was to tell them that their offspring would die violently and that their prayers for mercy would go unanswered.

Imagine the scene: Enoch approaches Azazel and the other Watchers, delivering their doom. Fear grips them. Trembling, they beg Enoch to intercede on their behalf, to present a petition to God. They can no longer even look towards heaven, so great is their shame.

Enoch, in his compassion, agrees. He's taken in a vision before the throne of God, where he receives the divine judgment: "Go forth and say to the watchers of heaven… Verily, it is you who ought to plead in behalf of men, not men in behalf of you! Why did ye forsake the high, holy, and eternal heavens, to pollute yourselves with the daughters of men, taking wives unto yourselves, doing like the races of the earth, and begetting giant sons?"

The judgment continues, explaining the fate of the giants: "Giants begotten by flesh and spirits will be called evil spirits on earth… Evil spirits proceed from their bodies… they will be evil spirits on earth, and evil spirits they will be named." These spirits will plague humanity until the end of days.

And to the Watchers themselves? The final, crushing blow: "You have no peace!"

What does this story tell us? Perhaps it's a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked desire and the consequences of forbidden knowledge. Maybe it's about the blurring of boundaries between the divine and the mortal, and the chaos that ensues. Or maybe, just maybe, it's a reminder that even angels aren't immune to temptation, and that true peace is only found in staying true to one's purpose.

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Legends of the Jews, IV. Noah, The Punishment Of The Fallen AngelsLegends of the Jews

The familiar telling remembers the wickedness of humankind, but some fascinating stories lurk beneath the surface, involving Watchers, giants, and divine justice.

In Legends of the Jews, as Noah grew into a righteous man following the path of his grandfather Methuselah, the rest of humanity spiraled into depravity. But here's the twist: the primary culprits were the Watchers and their monstrous offspring, the giants. The earth itself cried out because of the blood spilled by these giants, and the four archangels brought accusations before God.

What followed were divine judgments, each carefully tailored. Uriel was dispatched to warn Noah about the impending flood and to instruct him on building the ark. Raphael received the grim task of binding Azazel, one of the Watchers, and casting him into a desolate pit in the desert of Dudael, a place of sharp stones and darkness. There Azazel would remain until the final judgment, when he would be cast into the fiery pit of hell. The purpose? To heal the earth from the corruption he had brought upon it.

Then there was Gabriel, tasked with dealing with the offspring of these unholy unions, the bastards and reprobates. His mission? To incite deadly conflicts among them, a grim solution to a monstrous problem.

And what of Shemhazai and his brood? Michael was charged with their punishment. First, he forced Shemhazai to witness the bloody demise of his own children as they battled each other. Then, he bound Shemhazai himself and pinned him under the earth for seventy generations, after which he too would face the fiery pit.

But why this harsh punishment? The story takes us back to the beginning of this downfall. When idolatry took hold, Shemhazai and Azazel challenged God, echoing a sentiment from creation: "What is man, that Thou art mindful of him?" God, knowing their own potential for corruption, initially refused their request to dwell among humans. But the angels persisted, promising to sanctify God's name. God relented, saying, "Descend and sojourn among men!"

As we find in Midrash Rabbah, upon arriving on Earth, the angels were captivated by the beauty of human women. Shemhazai fell for a maiden named Istehar. She agreed to be with him only if he revealed the Shem HaMeforash (the Ineffable Name), the secret by which he ascended to heaven. He foolishly agreed. But Istehar, true to her word but not to him, used the Name to ascend to heaven herself, refusing to fulfill her promise. As a reward for her virtue, God placed her among the stars as the constellation Pleiades.

Undeterred, Shemhazai and Azazel continued their relationships with human women. Azazel, in particular, began teaching women the arts of seduction – finery and ornaments designed to allure men. It was then that God sent Metatron to Shemhazai to announce the impending destruction of the world.

The Watcher wept, grieving for the fate of the world and his two sons, Hiwwa and Hiyya, who consumed vast quantities of food daily. These sons had prophetic dreams foretelling the flood, which Shemhazai interpreted, revealing that only Noah and his sons would survive. Though the sons despaired, Shemhazai consoled them with a prophecy of their own future fame.

As for Shemhazai himself, he repented, suspending himself between heaven and earth in a perpetual state of penance. But Azazel remained defiant, continuing to lead humanity astray. As a result, on Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), two goats were sacrificed: one to God, for the sins of Israel, and the other to Azazel, to symbolically bear those sins away.

And then there's Naamah, the sister of Tubal-cain, who, unlike Istehar, used her beauty to corrupt the angels. Her union with Shamdon produced the demon Asmodeus. This reflects the broader depravity of the Cainite lineage, who, according to legend, walked naked and engaged in all manner of lewdness.

The angels, upon descending to earth and rebelling against God, lost their celestial qualities and took on physical bodies, making unions with human women possible. The offspring of these unions were the giants, known by many names: the Emim, the Rephaim, the Gibborim, the Zamzummim, the Anakim, the Ivvim, and finally, the Nephilim. Each name reflects a different aspect of their terrifying nature – their strength, their size, their skill in war, and their ultimate downfall, as the name Nephilim implies, bringing the world to its fall, and falling themselves.

So, what does this all mean? This story, drawn from Legends of the Jews and other Midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) sources, offers a complex explanation for the wickedness that led to the Flood. It's not just about human sin; it's about the corruption of the divine, the seductive power of earthly desires, and the consequences of defying God's will. It paints a vivid picture of a world in chaos, where the lines between heaven and earth are blurred, and the consequences are catastrophic. It makes you think, doesn't it, about the forces, both internal and external, that shape our choices and ultimately, our fate?

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