Parshat Bereshit

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Covers the creation of the world in six days, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, the first sin, Cain and Abel, and the generations from Adam to Noah. Genesis 1:1-6:8.

Hebrew Letters as Spiritual Forces of Execution

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 118:14

It’s astonishing how much profound symbolism is packed into each curve and stroke. The passage deals with different methods of execution, but it's not simply a gruesome description...

DeathMusic & SongAdam & EveSupernatural

Rise O Patriarchs, Masters of the Covenant

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 121:21

Specifically, Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar 121 calls out to the very foundations of our faith, the patriarchs themselves. "Rise O Patriarchs, Masters of the Covenant!" the tex...

HeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchsSolomon

Last Battle

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 125:17

We open our mouths, and thoughts – complex, nuanced, deeply personal thoughts – become audible, shared, tangible. It's kind of isn't it? The Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, a ce...

SoulEnd TimesKabbalahMysticism

Souls and the Ebb and Flow of the Divine Presence

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 286:5

The mystics understood that feeling deeply. They saw it as a reflection of something profound happening in the spiritual realms, a cosmic ebb and flow of souls and divine presence....

CreationHeavenMosesSolomon

Ezekiel's Four Faces Reflected in the Human Eye

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 289:4

to a fascinating passage from the Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, specifically Tikkun 289, where the human eye becomes a microcosm of the divine. The Tikkunei Zohar, a later exp...

CreationMosesKing DavidTorah

The Divine Soul Descends From God Above

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 2

The second chapter of the Tanya makes a claim so audacious it takes your breath away: the soul of every Jew is "truly a part of God above." Rabbi Schneur Zalman does not mean this ...

SoulsDivine sparksCreation

Ten Faculties of the Jewish Soul

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 3

The soul has ten faculties, and they mirror the structure of God. Chapter three of the Tanya lays out the architecture. Every Jewish soul—whether at the level of nefesh (נפש), ruac...

SoulsDivine sparksCreation

The Animal Soul and Its Ten Dark Powers

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 4

The divine soul has ten holy faculties and three garments—thought, speech, and action—through which it connects to God via the 613 commandments. But there is another soul inside yo...

SoulsDivine sparksCreation

How the Soul Becomes One With God Through Torah

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 5

The Tanya's fifth chapter makes a claim about Torah study that is unlike anything else in Jewish literature. When you study a halacha (Jewish religious law)h—a legal ruling—your mi...

SoulsDivine sparksCreation

The Garments of the Soul That Connect to God

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 6

"God has made one thing opposite the other" (Ecclesiastes 7:14). The Tanya's sixth chapter maps the dark side of the soul's architecture. Just as the divine soul has ten holy sefir...

SoulsDivine sparksPuritySoul

Elevating Permitted Pleasures to Holiness

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 7

Can you sanctify a steak? The Tanya's seventh chapter says yes—but only under certain conditions. Rabbi Schneur Zalman distinguishes between things that can be elevated to holiness...

SoulsDivine sparksPurityKabbalah

Why Some Pleasures Cannot Be Elevated

Kabbalah & Mysticism Tanya, Likkutei Amarim, Chapter 8

Why can't forbidden pleasures be elevated to holiness? The Tanya's eighth chapter confronts this question head-on. The answer lies in the three completely impure kelipot (קליפות)—t...

SoulsDivine sparksAdam & EveDemons

Raziel's Secret Alphabet for Writing Angel Names

Kabbalah & Mysticism Sefer Raziel HaMalakh, Angel Alphabets

Sefer Raziel HaMalakh contains something truly unusual for a mystical text—an alternative alphabet. Several of them, in fact. These are not the standard 22 Hebrew letters but speci...

AngelsDivine NamesCreationTorah

Israel And The Shekhinah In Exile

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael

Jewish tradition has a powerful way of visualizing that feeling, especially when it comes to exile and redemption. It involves the Shekhinah (the Divine Presence). The Shekhinah (ש...

DemonsHeavenPatriarchsAdam & Eve

And before the land of Israel was chosen, all of the lands

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 1:9

Before God chose the land of Israel as His special territory, every land on earth was equally suitable for divine speech. Prophecy could happen anywhere. But once Israel was chosen...

TempleHoly LandAdam & EveJerusalem

Before Aaron was chosen, all of Israel were kasher for the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 1:11

Before Aaron was chosen for the priesthood, every member of Israel was eligible to serve as a priest. The entire nation stood on equal footing when it came to approaching God throu...

CovenantHoly LandPriesthoodAdam & Eve

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael - Teaching 28

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 2:5

"This month": Nissan. You say it is Nissan. But perhaps it was some other month of the year? It is written (Exodus 23:16) "And the festival of the ingathering (Succoth) at the end ...

WisdomAbrahamMessiahAdam & Eve

Tzaddok say — Also for house rentals (i

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 2:7

R. Nathan and R. Tzaddok say: Also for house rentals (i.e., If one says: I am renting it to you for this year, the understanding is until the beginning of Nissan.) But this does no...

CreationWisdomHoly Land

Yitzchak said — If you said this, the moon would already be

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 2:14

Rabbi Yitzchak raised a sharp astronomical objection to a proposed method of calculating the calendar. If you followed a certain interpretation, he argued, the moon would already b...

CreationPatriarchsSun and moonTime

On the tenth day of this month, they shall take" — ("this")

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 3:8

The Torah commands regarding the Passover lamb: "On the tenth day of this month, they shall take" (Exodus 12:3). The Mekhilta zeroes in on one seemingly minor word in this verse, t...

MosesEgyptPassoverHolidays

Yossi Haglili said — If a ram, which is unfit (as an

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 4:2

Rabbi Yossi Haglili employed one of the most powerful tools in rabbinic reasoning — the kal vachomer, the argument from lesser to greater — to settle a question about the Pesach (P...

CreationTribesEgyptHolidays

Eliezer Hakappar Berebbi says — Did Israel not have four

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 5:2

Rabbi Eliezer Hakappar Berebbi posed a rhetorical question that reveals something extraordinary about the Israelites during their centuries of slavery in Egypt. Did Israel not poss...

TorahHoly LandEgyptAdam & Eve

The Locked Garden and the Two Types of Women in Song of Songs

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 5:4

Rabbi Nathan offered a striking interpretation of the erotic poetry of Song of Songs that transformed it into a lesson about the sanctity of marriage. When the verse says "a locked...

WisdomWomen of the BibleMusic & SongSolomon

And they shall place it on the two side posts and on the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 6:5

"And they shall place it on the two side posts and on the lintel": I might think that if he placed (the blood on) one before the other, he has not fulfilled his obligation. It is, ...

MosesTempleCommandmentsAdam & Eve

Akiva says — This tells me only of water

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 6:17

Rabbi Akiva, the towering sage who reshaped all of rabbinic Judaism, offers his own answer to the question of why the Torah only mentions water when prohibiting the cooking of the ...

WisdomAdam & EveAbrahamTorah

Yishmael says — This is not necessary, for it is written (Ibid

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 6:22

Rabbi Yishmael cuts through the debate about burning Passover leftovers with a characteristically logical argument. The other sages needed the repeated phrase "until morning" to es...

ShabbatAbrahamAdam & Eve

on the houses" — What is the intent of this

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 7:21

The Mekhilta catches a redundancy in the Torah's Passover instructions that most readers would never notice — and from that redundancy, it extracts a legal ruling about where God's...

WisdomEgyptProtectionViolence

15) "Only on the first day you shall eliminate leaven from

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 8:7

(Ibid. 15) "Only on the first day you shall eliminate leaven from your houses": before the eve of the festival. You say this, but perhaps (the meaning is) on the day of the festiva...

TempleCreationCommandmentsHeresy

Yehudah says — "shall you eliminate leaven from your

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 8:10

Rabbi Yehudah argues that the Torah's command to "eliminate leaven from your houses" means one specific thing: you must burn it. Not scatter it, not crumble it into the wind, not t...

WisdomHeresyJudgesAdam & Eve

from Israel" — I might think that it is cut off from Israel

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 8:19

The Torah warns that whoever eats chametz during Passover will have their soul "cut off from Israel." The punishment is kareth — spiritual excision from the community. But the Mekh...

Holy LandTribesAdam & EveSoul

All labor shall not be done in them" — This tells me that

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 9:2

The Torah states that "all labor shall not be done" on the festival days of Passover. The Mekhilta reads this straightforwardly — it tells us that labor is forbidden on the first a...

WisdomAdam & EveHolidaysEgypt

19) "In your houses" — What is the intent of this

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 10:4

(Ibid. 19) "In your houses": What is the intent of this? I might take (13:7) "in all of your boundaries," literally (i.e., even if the chametz is not yours); it is, therefore, writ...

WisdomAdam & EveKabbalahNations

Why Matzah Is Called the Bread of Affliction

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 10:15

Rabbi Yossi raised a deceptively simple question about the Passover laws that reveals how carefully the rabbis read every word of the Torah. The commandment says, "Seven days shall...

WisdomAdam & EvePassoverEgypt

Joel's Promise That All Who Call on God Will Be Saved

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 12:28

The prophet Joel declared, "And all who call in the name of the Lord shall be saved" (Joel 3:5), a sweeping promise of deliverance for anyone who invokes God's name. But the Mekhil...

WisdomMosesProphecyAdam & Eve

and they asked of Egypt vessels of silver and vessels of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 13:32

The Mekhilta, the tannaitic midrash on Exodus, pauses on a detail in the Exodus narrative that seems redundant: "And they asked of Egypt vessels of silver and vessels of gold and r...

MosesEgyptExodusPassover

Nathan says — This is not needed (to comprehend the verse)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 13:36

The Mekhilta, the tannaitic midrash on Exodus, records Rabbi Nathan's interpretation of one of the most loaded words in the Exodus narrative. The Torah says the Egyptians "vayashil...

MosesEgyptAdam & EveCharity

Akiva says — One may not keep uncircumcised men-servants

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 15:7

Rabbi Akiva ruled that a Jewish master may not keep uncircumcised male servants in his household. Circumcision — the sign of the covenant between God and Abraham — was required of ...

ShabbatConversionCovenantSabbath

Variantly — "and you shall circumcise him; then he shall eat

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 15:8

The Torah states "and you shall circumcise him; then he shall eat of it," establishing circumcision as a prerequisite for eating the Passover sacrifice. The Mekhilta uses this vers...

CovenantCommandmentsKabbalahAdam & Eve

Yochai says — "in two places"—How so

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 15:13

Having established that the Pesach (Passover) sacrifice could be eaten "in two places" by a single group, Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai was asked the obvious follow-up question: how exac...

WisdomAdam & EveEgyptHolidays

Nathan says — "Let all of his males be circumcised, etc

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 15:23

Rabbi Nathan found a specific legal scenario embedded in the verse "let all of his males be circumcised." The phrase excludes a particular case from preventing a master's participa...

WisdomLawConversionAdam & Eve

(Exodus 13 — 1-2) "And the L–rd said to Moses, saying

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:1

God spoke to Moses with a command that sounds absolute: "Sanctify unto Me every first-born" (Exodus 13:1-2). Every first-born — of humans, of animals, of everything that opens the ...

TorahMosesBirthAdam & Eve

Variantly — The bechor of a man is likened to the bechor of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:4

Variantly: The bechor of a man is likened to the bechor of a beast, and the bechor of a beast to the bechor of a man. Just as with a beast, a miscarriage (of the first pregnancy) e...

TempleKabbalahDivine justiceHumor

Similarly, (Numbers 28 — 4) "the one lamb shall you offer, etc

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:7

The Torah commands: "the one lamb shall you offer in the morning, and the other lamb shall you offer in the afternoon" (Numbers 28:4). This is the tamid, the daily perpetual offeri...

ProphecyDivine justiceAnimalsSacrifice

Thank God for Punishment as Much as for Good

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:22

Rabbi Chiyya ben Nachmani delivered a teaching in the name of Rabbi Yishmael that cuts against every natural human instinct. The verse in (Deuteronomy 8:10) already commands, "You ...

Divine justiceMiraclesCommandmentsPunishment

When Does the Prohibition on Chametz Actually Begin

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 17:14

The verse (Exodus 13:7) commands, "Matzoth shall be eaten the seven days, and chametz shall not be seen unto you." A straightforward reading suggests these two rules — eat matzah, ...

WisdomCommandmentsPassoverAdam & Eve

Chametz You Cannot Reach Does Not Violate the Prohibition

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 17:17

The Torah's prohibition against possessing chametz during Passover seems absolute. But the rabbis of the Mekhilta identified important exceptions based on two principles: domain an...

Holy LandAdam & EveNations

Rabbi Eliezer Says Tefillin Must Be Hidden as a Private Sign

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 17:24

Rabbi Eliezer agreed that the tefillin (leather phylacteries worn during prayer) belong on the upper arm rather than the palm, but he arrived at the conclusion through entirely dif...

MiraclesAdam & EveFaith

Rabbi Yitzchak Places Tefillin Near the Heart Based on Scripture

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 17:25

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael records a teaching by Rabbi Yitzchak about the precise placement of tefillin, the leather boxes containing Torah passages that Jewish men bind to thei...

WisdomPatriarchsBibleAdam & Eve