Parshat Kedoshim

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The holiness code: love your neighbor, respect parents, keep Shabbat, honest dealings, and ethical commandments. Leviticus 19:1-20:27.

Body and Soul Both Stand Trial Before God

Talmud Aggadah Sanhedrin 91b

The parable of the blind man and the lame man in the orchard, told by Antoninus to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi in Sanhedrin 91b, establishes one of the Talmud's most important doctrines: b...

ResurrectionBody soulAfterlife

God Builds Jerusalem From Precious Stones

Talmud Aggadah Bava Batra 75a

The future Jerusalem will be built from precious stones so massive they defy imagination. According to Bava Batra 75a, God will take gems thirty cubits by thirty cubits, carve gate...

Sea creaturesLeviathanSupernaturalWorld to come

Rabbi Chanina ben Teradion's Martyrdom by Fire

Talmud Aggadah Avodah Zarah 18a

The Romans wrapped Rabbi Chanina ben Teradion in a Torah scroll, piled bundles of vine branches around him, and set him on fire. To prolong his agony, they placed wet wool over his...

MartyrdomRomeWomen of the BibleWisdom

The Flood Through Onkelos's Aramaic Lens

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Genesis 7-8

The Hebrew Bible says God "shut him in" the ark (Genesis 7:16)—a strangely intimate image of the Creator personally closing Noah's door. Targum Onkelos renders this as "God protect...

Noah & FloodCreationFloodAnimals

Jacob's Ladder in the Synagogue Targum

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Genesis 28

The Hebrew Bible says Jacob dreamed of a ladder "set up on the earth, and the top of it reached toward heaven" (Genesis 28:12). Targum Onkelos says the ladder was "planted in the e...

PatriarchsAngelsDreams & Visions

And David arose, and fled that day from before Saul — This

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 131:1

And David arose, and fled that day from before Saul: This is [the meaning of] the verse, He has made everything beautiful in its time (Ecclesiastes 3:11), everything that the Holy ...

WisdomDeathCharityKings

Our Rabbis taught — At the time that the anointed king

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 499:2

Our Rabbis taught: At the time that the anointed king comes, he [will] stand on the roof of the temple and announce to Israel and say "Humble ones! The time of your redemption has ...

CreationRedemptionDivine justiceTemple

But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go back" (Ruth

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 601:4

But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go back" (Ruth 1:8): Why did she send them back? In order not to be embarrassed by them. For so did we find that in Jerusalem there wer...

ProphecyDivine justiceHoly Land

3 The Staff of Your Strength G-d shall send forth from Zion

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 869:3

3 The Staff of Your Strength G-d shall send forth from Zion. Which staff is this? This is the staff of Jacob about which it is said: "Because with my staff I crossed this Jordan." ...

RedemptionPatriarchsMosesProphecy

Hekhalot, Tractate Hekhalot

Midrash Aggadah Hekhalot, Tractate Hekhalot

The Holy One of Blessing is High and Exalted, His throne is [also] High and Exalted. And from where do we know that the Holy One of Blessing is called "High and Exalted"? From (Isa...

CreationDivine thronePrayerTemple

Midrash Ezra

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Ezra

"Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) Ezra": Mentioned in the introduction of Rabbi Tam ben Yehiya to the Book of Josippon, and he states there: "Indeed, Joseph [ben Gurion] ...

PrayerTempleEzraWriting

Rabbi Eliezer in Berakhot in Berakhot

Midrash Aggadah Ein Yaakov, Berakhot 1:6

"Until the end of the first watch," said R. Eliezer. Let us see: with whom does R. Eliezer agree? If he hold that the night is divided into three watches, then let him say "until t...

ProphecyMiraclesNoah & Flood

Rabbi Yochanan in Berakhot

Midrash Aggadah Ein Yaakov, Berakhot 1:15

[It is written] (Ps. 66:1) A prayer of David, preserve my soul, for I am pious. R. Levi and R. Isaac both explain this passage. One said : "Thus said David before the Holy One, pra...

PrayerMiraclesWisdomDivine justice

Raba expounded what is meant by the passage (Ps.

Midrash Aggadah Ein Yaakov, Rosh Hashanah 1:16

(13) Raba expounded what is meant by the passage (Ps. 116, 1) It is lovely to me that the Lord heareth my voice. Thus said the congregation of Israel unto the Holy One, praised be ...

PrayerWisdomDivine justiceNoah & Flood

Rabbi Eliezer How does He do it?

Midrash Aggadah Ein Yaakov, Rosh Hashanah 1:17

(15) It is said above that the school of Hillel said: "He who abounds in kindness inclines [the scale of justice] towards the side of kindness." How does He do it? R. Eliezer said:...

Divine justiceRepentanceSinPatriarchs

Rabbi Yochanan Whenever Israel sins, let them do

Midrash Aggadah Ein Yaakov, Rosh Hashanah 1:19

(16) (Ib. b) (Ex. 34, 6), And the Lord passed by before him and proclaimed. R. Jochanan said: "Had this passage not been written, it would have been impossible to think of it, for ...

CreationMosesPrayerWisdom

Two Jews were carried away captive from Mount Carmel

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 51

Two Jews were carried away captive from Mount Carmel. The captor following them overheard one saying to the other “A she -camel has passed before us, she is blind of one eye and on...

DeathWisdomKingsPatriarchs

A labouring man when he was refused by his master any

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 79

A laborer worked for his master for three full years, faithfully performing every task assigned to him. When the work was finally done, he approached his master and asked for his w...

RepentanceJudgmentAdam & EveAnimals

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 165

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 165

Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa was deep in prayer, standing perfectly still, his eyes closed, his lips moving in silent communion with God. He did not notice the venomous adder that had sli...

DeathPrayerWorshipHumor

Rabbi Akiba Visited His Sick Student and Saved His Life

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 197

Rabbi Akiba heard that one of his students had fallen gravely ill. The young man was bedridden, burning with fever, and growing weaker by the day. No one expected him to survive. B...

WisdomHealingHumorAdam & Eve

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 199

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 199

Rabban Gamliel, the head of the Sanhedrin (the supreme rabbinic court), once served food to Rabbi Yehoshua with his own hands. He stood and poured wine for his guest as though he w...

RepentancePatriarchsAbrahamWisdom

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 240

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 240

Rabbi Akiba laughed when everyone else wept — and his laughter changed the course of Jewish faith. The first time was in Rome. Rabbi Akiba and his colleagues walked through the str...

TempleHumorProphecyWisdom

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 403

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 403

V. A beautiful woman, persecuted by the governor, put her gold in jars and covered it on the top with honey. She left them with a friend and went away. After the death of the goxer...

DeathKingsHumorWit

The Roman Emperor Who Challenged the Rabbis on Resurrection

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 11

A Roman emperor — the Talmud does not always specify which one — once summoned the Jewish sages to answer a question that he believed would expose their faith as foolishness. "You ...

KingsRomeAdam & EveWisdom

Old Man Planting Charub Tree

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 26

Old Man Planting Charub Tree. Yebamot, f. 63a. Tanh. and B to Levit. Kedoshim, § 8. Midr. Hagadol, Gen. f. 56d—57a. Exod. R., ch. 2. Levit. R., 25 §5. Eccles. R., 2 § 16. Yalk. § 6...

WisdomTribesLevi

Kamhit 6* her Sons High Priests

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 39

Kimhit was a woman whose modesty was so complete that, according to the Talmud (Yoma 47a), even the beams of her house never saw her hair uncovered. The sages said this was the rea...

WisdomPriesthoodTribes

Trustfulness of Labourers

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 79

The Talmud (Shabbat 127b) tells of a man who worked for an employer in the north of Israel for three years. When his contract ended, he went to collect his wages on the eve of Yom ...

WisdomTribesAdam & EveJudgment

Punishment for Delay in Charity

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 102

Nahum of Gamzu — the sage whose name became a proverb, because to every misfortune he would say "Gam zu l'tovah," "This too is for the good" — learned the cost of delayed charity t...

CharityTzedakah (Charity)Divine justiceKabbalah

Why Neglecting to Wash After Meals Once Killed a Woman

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 159

If neglecting to wash hands before meals could lead to disaster, the Talmud teaches that neglecting to wash after meals was equally dangerous — and one story proved why. A man's fa...

WisdomConversionAdam & EveWomen of the Bible

Rabbi Ishmael Accused the Samaritans of Hidden Idolatry

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 182

Rabbi Ishmael ben Jose was making his way to Jerusalem on a pilgrimage when a Samaritan stopped him on the road. The Samaritans — who lived on and around Mount Gerizim and claimed ...

WisdomIdolatryKabbalahAbraham

Unfair Treatment

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 225

A merchant from one town traveled to a neighboring city to sell his goods. He set up his stall in the marketplace, offered fair prices, and began to attract customers. But the loca...

WisdomTribesNoah & FloodDivine justice

Creation of the World

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 265

The rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) debated endlessly over the mystery of how God created the world — and what existed before creation began. According to ...

WisdomCreationLightAdam & Eve

Abraham Tested Ishmael's Wives and Found One Good and One Bad

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 271

After Abraham sent Ishmael away into the wilderness with his mother Hagar, the patriarch did not forget his firstborn son. According to Pirkei de Rabbi Eliezer and the Midrash Haga...

WisdomAbrahamWomen of the Bible

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 273

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 273

The sage known for his extraordinary carefulness was Rav, and his caution extended even to the smallest details of daily life. The Talmud in Hullin (95b) preserves a teaching about...

WisdomAdam & EveWarMusic & Song

No Respect for Rich

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 276

In the days when the Israelites brought their first fruits to the Temple in Jerusalem, a remarkable custom prevailed. The wealthy arrived with their offerings displayed in baskets ...

WisdomTempleCharityPoverty

Bar Kaparas Charity to Shipwrecked

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 300

Bar Kappara was walking along the seashore when he encountered the survivors of a shipwreck — strangers, soaked and shivering, with nothing but the clothes on their backs. They had...

KingsCharityTzedakah (Charity)Kabbalah

Wicked Man Enters Paradise

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 348

There was once a man so wicked that the entire town avoided him. He cheated in business, spoke cruelty to strangers, and mocked the sages when they tried to rebuke him. Everyone ag...

DeathMagic & the SupernaturalSinHeaven

Youth <5* Language of Birds

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 352

A young boy discovered that he could understand the language of birds. When sparrows chattered on the rooftops, he heard gossip. When ravens called from the treetops, he heard warn...

WisdomKingsAdam & EveProphecy

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 371

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 371

Rabbi Akiba and the pearl — a story about how the greatest treasures are sometimes hidden in the most unlikely places. The tale is preserved in medieval collections including the M...

WisdomAdam & EveKings

Birth of Ben Batira

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 388

The birth of Ben Batira — or more precisely, the circumstances that led to his birth — is preserved in the Jerusalem Talmud (Sanhedrin 7:13) as one of the stranger stories in rabbi...

WisdomLawHeresy

Korah’s Riches & Fall

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 389

Korah's riches were legendary — and his fall was proportional to his wealth. The Talmud (Pesahim 119a, Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 10:1) and Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer describe a fortun...

WisdomRebellionWealthAdam & Eve

Bird as Witness

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 431

A bird served as a witness in a case of justice — and its testimony was accepted because God uses all of creation, even the smallest creatures, to ensure that truth is revealed. Th...

WisdomHumorAdam & EveWit

Bread upon the Water

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 449

"Cast your bread upon the waters, for you shall find it after many days" (Ecclesiastes 11:1). This verse became the foundation for one of the most frequently told stories in the Je...

WisdomCharityHumorAdam & Eve

Why God Destroyed Sodom Before Abraham Watched

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 2

Gog makes his plans in secret. He thinks his strategies are hidden — the alliance-building, the schemes against Israel, the invasions planned in quiet rooms. "On that day, thoughts...

MessiahPatriarchsJacobJoseph

Joseph Interprets Pharaoh's Dream

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 5

Israel in Egypt — fruitful and multiplying, a thousand thousand and myriad myriads — and still, in God's eyes, like a single beloved child. That's the paradox this section of Aggad...

Noah & FloodAbrahamJacobJoseph

Noah and the Promise God Made After the Flood

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 11

Israel in exile speaks like a child who has finally stopped lying. "Master of the Universe, at first I said 'I have not sinned,' and You brought suffering upon me. Now I say: I hav...

DemonsNoah & FloodAbrahamJacob

How God Exalts Israel Like a Right Hand

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 18

Three days after his circumcision, Abraham sat at the entrance of his tent in the heat of the day — sore, exhausted, ninety-nine years old. And God appeared to him (Genesis 18:1). ...

Divine throneAbrahamKing DavidDivine compassion

Why Abraham Was Called a Bird of Prey From the East

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 21

"Far be it from You to do such a thing!" Abraham said it to God's face. He was standing between Sodom and heaven, and he was arguing (Genesis 18:25). The Hebrew word is chalilah — ...

AbrahamJacobKing David