Parshat Kedoshim

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The holiness code: love your neighbor, respect parents, keep Shabbat, honest dealings, and ethical commandments. Leviticus 19:1-20:27.

King Saul's Forbidden Visit to the Necromancer of Endor

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 26:7

It's a tale of desperation, disobedience, and the dark consequences that follow when we turn away from the divine. The story begins with a pointed question: what comes before this ...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsJoseph

The Righteous God Who Knows the Needs of Every Animal

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:11

We're diving into a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah 27, a midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic collection that expands upon the Book of Leviticus. The central verse...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsMoses

Land — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 28:6

We often overlook the seemingly insignificant, but Jewish tradition teaches us that profound blessings can reside even there. Take, for instance, the omer offering. What exactly is...

CreationHell/GehennaNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Why Rosh Hashanah Falls in the Seventh Month Not the First

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:1

The verse from (Leviticus 23:24) sets the stage: "Speak to the children of Israel, saying: In the seventh month, on the first of the month, shall be a rest for you, a remembrance b...

CreationAngelsAdam & EvePatriarchs

Jacob's Ladder and the Empires That Rise and Fall on It

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:2

The ancient rabbis pondered such a moment, centered on our patriarch, Jacob, and a vision of a ladder reaching to the heavens. The scene is set in Genesis, where Jacob dreams of a ...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsKing David

Torah as the Path of Life That Goes Upward for the Wise

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:5

Rabbi Berekhya, quoting Rabbi Yirmeya, opens a window onto this very idea. He starts with a verse from Proverbs (15:24): "The path of life goes upward for the intelligent." But wha...

SolomonTorahWarWisdom

The Four Species of Sukkot and What They Really Represent

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:1

It's more than just tradition; it's a lesson in priorities and a reminder of what truly sustains us. The verse in Leviticus (23:40) instructs us: "You shall take for you on the fir...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

Torah Refined Like Gold in the Crucible Again and Again

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:2

And according to the ancient rabbis, there's a profound reason why. Rabbi Yitzḥak opens Vayikra Rabbah 31 with a powerful image, quoting (Psalms 119:140): “Your saying is exceeding...

MosesKing DavidTorahTemple

God Tells Adam - Your Lamp Is in My Hand

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:4

In fact, it goes even deeper. Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating collection of Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic teachings on the Book of Leviticus, opens up this very idea. ...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveNoah & Flood

Moses and Solomon of Yehuda

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:5

It’s a question that’s occupied Jewish thinkers for millennia, and today we're diving into a fascinating piece of that puzzle. Let's turn to Vayikra Rabbah, specifically chapter 31...

MosesSolomonJobTorah

The Profound Impact of Giving to the Poor

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:8

Jewish tradition is full of stories exploring this very idea. Today, we're diving into a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah, a Midrash on the book of Leviticus, that unpacks t...

CreationHell/GehennaAngelsPatriarchs

Rabbi Shimon's Dream on Rosh Hashanah That Saved His Nephews

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:12

And the story, as recounted in Vayikra Rabbah 34, is It all started on Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, a time for reflection and new beginnings. Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai, a promi...

Adam & EveTorahProphecyHolidays

Offering Your Soul to the Hungry Not Just a Few Coins

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:13

Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Leviticus, delves into this very question, challenging us to examine our motivations and the imp...

HeavenPatriarchsMosesSolomon

When You See the Naked Clothe Them Says the Prophet Isaiah

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:14

The Torah touches on this profoundly, urging us not to ignore the suffering of others. It's more than just a nice idea; it’s a core principle woven into the fabric of Jewish ethics...

Noah & FloodPatriarchsJobTorah

Jacob and the Commandments He Kept Before Sinai

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:2

The Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic collection on the Book of Leviticus, explores this very idea. It opens with the verse "If you follow ...

CreationPatriarchsKing DavidSolomon

Divine Statutes That Hold the Stars and Seas in Place

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:4

We often take these things for granted, but Jewish tradition suggests there's a deeper, more profound answer than just physics. It's all about ḥukim (חקים), statutes. But not just ...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodKing David

Statutes Written in Fire Before God Gave Them to Moses

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:5

You're not alone. Our tradition recognizes this struggle, this internal tug-of-war. And it offers a powerful image to understand it. The text we're looking at today comes from Vayi...

MosesTorahProphecyEgypt

Israel as a Grapevine Transplanted From Egypt to Canaan

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:2

It's more than just about wine, you see. It's a metaphor, a living, breathing symbol of the Jewish people themselves. We find this beautiful idea elaborated on in Vayikra Rabbah 36...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Kingdom of King Ahaz

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:3

Today, we’re diving into a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah 36 that grapples with the legacy of King Ahaz. The verse from Proverbs sets the stage: “One hand to another will ...

HeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Jacob Created the Foundations That Sustain All of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:4

The ancient rabbis grappled with these very questions, and their answers, preserved in texts like Vayikra Rabbah, are both surprising and deeply inspiring. to one fascinating passa...

CreationCreaturesNoah & FloodPatriarchs

“A princess among the nations,” Rabbi Yoḥanan said — Because

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:20

“A princess among the nations,” Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Because Israel violated the terms that they accepted at Sinai, therefore, “she has become a vassal [lamas].” Sinai is lamas, the...

TorahExilePatriarchsMoses

“The ways of Zion are in mourning, without Festival

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:30

“The ways of Zion are in mourning, without Festival pilgrims; all her gates are desolate; her priests sigh; her maidens are forlorn, and she is embittered” (Lamentations 1:4).“The ...

TorahExileProphecyDeath

“Her impurity is on her hems, she had not considered her

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:36

“Her impurity is on her hems, she had not considered her end; she has declined extraordinarily, there is no one to comfort her. See, Lord, my affliction, for the enemy has expanded...

TorahProphecyDivine justiceTemple

When Rabbi Yosei of Milḥaya died, Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:37

When Rabbi Yosei of Milḥaya died, Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish went up to perform an act of kindness136They went to participate in the funeral. and Rabbi Yitzḥak Pesaka went up w...

TorahExileMosesProphecy

“May it not befall you, all wayfarers

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:40

“May it not befall you, all wayfarers. Look and see: Is there any pain like my pain, which has been done to me, with which the Lord has tormented me on the day of His enflamed wrat...

TorahExileMosesDivine justice

“He severed in his enflamed wrath all the horn of Israel

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:6

“He severed in his enflamed wrath all the horn of Israel; He retracted His right hand from before the enemy. He burned in Jacob like flaming fire, consuming all around” (Lamentatio...

TorahRedemptionPatriarchsMoses

“The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, are silent

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:14

“The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, are silent. They have placed dust on their heads, have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem have lowere...

TorahExilePatriarchsProphecy

“For the Lord will not forsake forever

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:11

“For the Lord will not forsake forever. For, if He torments, He will have compassion according to His abundant grace. For He does not afflict willingly and torment the children of ...

TorahExileMosesDivine justice

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:23

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under the heavens of the Lord” (Lamentations 3:66).“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them” – Jeremiah said: “May you pur...

TorahMosesProphecyDivine justice

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:4

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya, who went to the great city of Rome. They said to him: ‘There is a certain child in prison in disgrace.’10The Romans were...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

“The iniquity of the daughter of my people exceeded the sin

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:9

“The iniquity of the daughter of my people exceeded the sin of Sodom, which was overthrown in a moment, and no hands seized it” (Lamentations 4:6).“The iniquity of the daughter of ...

TorahProphecyCharityHoly Land

“For this our heart suffers; for these our eyes are dim”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:17

“For this our heart suffers; for these our eyes are dim” (Lamentations 5:17).“For this our heart suffers.” Rabbi Simlai said: The Holy One blessed be He gave great suffering to thi...

TorahTempleHoly Land

Rabbi Levi in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said — It

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:6

Rabbi Levi in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: It is written: “The hair of His head like pure wool” (Daniel 7:9); that He has no debt to any creature. Rabbi Yudan in the n...

TorahProphecyDivine justiceCharity

“On his royal throne” – Rabbi Kohen in the name of Rabbi

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:12

“On his royal throne” – Rabbi Kohen (a priest) in the name of Rabbi Azarya: “On his royal throne [kisse malkhut (Sovereignty)o],” malkhuto is written [without the vav]. He sought t...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

“The elite of Persia and Media — ” It is taught in the name

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:17

“The elite of Persia and Media:” It is taught in the name of Rabbi Natan about these ten measures: There are ten portions of licentiousness in the world, nine in Alexandria and one...

TorahMosesProphecyWisdom

Rabbi Ḥiyya had a gentile friend in Ashna, who prepared a

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 2:4

Rabbi Ḥiyya had a gentile friend in Ashna, who prepared a feast for him, during which he served him everything that had been created in the six days of Creation. He said to him: ‘W...

CreationTorahProphecyDivine justice

Rabbi Yitzḥak began — “But you did not call Me, Jacob, for

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:4

Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “But you did not call Me, Jacob, for you wearied of Me, Israel” (Isaiah 43:22). Rabbi Yoḥanan understood it [the verse in (Isaiah 43:22)] from this, as it is w...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyTemple

Rabbi Azarya began — “Do not see wine in its redness, for

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 5:1

Rabbi Azarya began: “Do not see wine in its redness, for one who sets his eye on the cup will walk the straight path” (Proverbs 23:31). Rabbi Azarya said: “Do not see wine in its r...

CreationTorahExileProphecy

“Happy are those who observe the law, who act with

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:1

“Happy are those who observe the law, who act with righteousness at all times” (Psalms 106:3). They were counted1They assembled to vote to decide matters of halakha. in the loft of...

TorahRedemptionDivine justiceDeath

“There was a Judean man in the Shushan citadel, and his

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:2

“There was a Judean man in the Shushan citadel, and his name was Mordekhai, son of Ya'ir, son of Shimi, son of Kish, a Benjamite” (Esther 2:5).“There was a Judean man [ish] in the ...

TorahPatriarchsMosesDivine justice

“If it pleases the king, let it be written to eliminate

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:13

“If it pleases the king, let it be written to eliminate them and I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver by the hands of the king's craftsmen, to bring to the king's treasu...

TorahExilePatriarchsMoses

“Esther said, to respond to Mordekhai” (Esther 4 — 15)

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 8:7

“Esther said, to respond to Mordekhai” (Esther 4:15). She said to him: “Go, assemble all the Jews who are present in Shushan, and fast on my behalf; do not eat and do not drink for...

CreationTorahRedemptionPrayer

“The king said to her — What troubles you, Queen Esther, and

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 9:2

“The king said to her: What troubles you, Queen Esther, and what is your request… Esther said: If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come today to the banquet… The king sa...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

“The king said to Haman — Hurry, take the garments and the

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:4

“The king said to Haman: Hurry, take the garments and the horse; as you have said, do so to Mordekhai the Jew who sits at the king’s gate. Do not omit anything that you spoke of. H...

TorahExileDivine justicePrayer

That is what is written — “Say to God — How awesome are Your

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:15

That is what is written: “Say to God: How awesome are Your works” (Psalms 66:3). How terrifying are Your wonders. [Those slated to be] killed, kill those who would be their killers...

CreationTorahRedemptionProphecy

Three Times God Warned Israel Not to Return to Egypt

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 3

God told Israel three separate times: do not go back to Egypt. According to Esther Rabbah, they violated every single warning and paid for every single one. Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai ...

TorahMosesProphecyCovenant

The Enthronement Of Moses

Philo Life of Moses 1:155-158

It sounds radical, I know. According to some accounts, God bestowed immense honor upon Moses, gifting him dominion over the entire earth, the seas, the rivers – all the elements th...

HeavenMessiahTorahPatriarchs

Defending Core Jewish Beliefs Against Disdain

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:7

It’s like trying to grasp the trunk of a massive, ancient tree, its branches reaching so high you can barely see the top. It’s... well, it’s complicated. I recently came across som...

CreationHeavenTorahMysticism