Parshat Nitzavim

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The covenant renewed, the choice between life and death, and the promise that Torah is accessible to all. Deuteronomy 29:9-30:20.

The Laver - Where Sin Is Poured Off Like Water

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Exodus 40:7

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Exodus 40:7) takes the bronze laver, a basin of water set between the sanctuary and the altar. And turns it into a picture of teshuvah. Place the laver h...

RepentanceTempleSinRighteousness

The King Gave Wheat and Flax at Sinai

Tanna DeBei Eliyahu Zuta Tanna DeBei Eliyahu Zuta 2:1

A man met the teacher on the road and tried to split Sinai in half. Written Torah, yes. Mishnah, no. Scripture came from God, he said, but the oral teaching did not. Tanna DeBei El...

TorahTempleAtonementWisdom

The Changing Torah

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 13:3

Midrash Vayikra Rabbah turns to The Changing Torah. It’s a mind-bending thought, isn’t it? For so many, the Torah – with its 613 mitzvot (commandments) and timeless stories – is th...

MessiahTorahPatriarchsMoses

Bilam and Moses of Songs

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 2:4

In the desert, the Israelites found that strength, not just in their faith, but also in their organization, in their very banners. "Each at his banner, with the insignias," says th...

MosesSolomonRepentanceMiracles

Golden Calf and the Dreamer

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 7:4

Leprosy, for example, wasn't just a disease. According to some Jewish traditions, it could be a sign of something deeper, a consequence of wrongdoing. But what wrongdoing specifica...

JosephMosesKing DavidJob

The Sotah Ritual and What It Reveals About Betrayal

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 9:15

Bamidbar Rabbah turns to The Sotah Ritual and What It Reveals About Betrayal. It gets even more intriguing. "And from the dirt…" Why, the Torah asks, bring dirt – afar in Hebrew – ...

CreationPatriarchsElijahTorah

The Silver Dish and Israel's Spiritual State at Sinai

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 13:8

The Torah portion Naso, particularly in Bamidbar Rabbah 13, explores this very concept, using the offerings of the princes as a springboard. It's a fascinating exploration of Israe...

CreationAdam & EvePatriarchsJoseph

When Solomon's Temple Doors Refused to Open for the Ark

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 14:3

Bamidbar Rabbah turns to When Solomon's Temple Doors Refused to Open for the Ark. The scene: Solomon, the wisest of men, has built the magnificent Temple in Jerusalem. He's ready t...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaAngels

When Gentile Nations Showed More Respect Than Israel

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 16:27

When Gentile Nations Showed More Respect Than Israel is the question behind this passage from Bamidbar Rabbah. Ouch. The text goes on to illustrate this point with a fascinating st...

Noah & FloodKing DavidTorahTemple

Why God Called It the Land of Your Dwelling Not Canaan

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 17:3

Rabbi Zakai of She'av offers a beautiful insight. He imagines the Israelites asking God: "Master of the universe, everywhere else You call it the land of Canaan, but here, ‘the lan...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Og in Battle

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 19:32

Jewish tradition sees so much more. The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), specifically Bamidbar Rabbah 19, unpacks this verse, revealing layers of meaning and offering pr...

CreationPatriarchsMosesSolomon

Aaron's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 21:1

The story of Pinḥas, as told in Bamidbar Rabbah, shines a light on just how vital shalom is. The story begins with a moment of intense crisis. The Israelites are straying, and divi...

Noah & FloodMosesKing DavidSolomon

A King Lovingly Recalls Every Stop of His Son's Journey

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 23:4

Maybe, just maybe, there's a hidden message in those seemingly random journeys. In the Book of Numbers – in Hebrew, Bamidbar – we find a detailed list of all the places the Israeli...

PatriarchsMosesTorahProphecy

Adam and Creation of Flood

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 2:3

It sees echoes of the very first moments of creation rippling through time, playing out in the lives of individuals and entire generations. Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon, in Bereshit Rabb...

CreationAdam & EveNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Rain as a Sign of Divine Favor Like Temple Offerings

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 13:5

Our Sages pondered that feeling deeply, especially when thinking about rain. Not just the physical rain, but what it represents. What is rain in the grand scheme of things? In Bere...

PatriarchsKing DavidTempleProphecy

The Earth Was Watered in Response to Calamity

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 13:14

The ancient rabbis certainly did. They saw a deep connection between what happens on Earth and what happens within us. Consider the verse in (Genesis 2:6): "…and watered all of the...

CreationRepentanceRainTribulation

Adam in Exile

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 21:5

As always, the rabbis of old had some fascinating ideas. The verse from Job (14:20) sets the stage: “You grant him power forever, and he is gone; You alter his countenance and send...

AngelsAdam & EveElijahDaniel

The Invitation to Repent Hidden in And Now

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 21:6

The verse God says, "Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil; and now, lest he reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live fo...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveRepentance

Adam and Eve's Grief and the Birth of Seth

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 23:5

Take the story of Adam and Eve after the tragic loss of Abel. We read in (Genesis 4:25), "Adam was further intimate with his wife and she gave birth to a son, and she called his na...

CreationAdam & EveKing DavidMessiah

Reish Lakish in Battle

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 34:15

It all starts with a verse in Genesis. "And you, be fruitful, and multiply; [teem on the earth, and multiply upon it]" (Genesis 9:7). Sounds But Reish Lakish, a prominent scholar o...

CreationNoah & FloodTorahProphecy

Generations So Righteous They Needed No Rainbow

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 35:2

The Torah tells us that the rainbow is a sign of the covenant between God and humanity after the flood, a promise that the world will never again be destroyed in that way. As it sa...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsElijah

Abraham Drives Away the Birds of Prey

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 44:16

The Torah uses powerful imagery to describe just such a feeling in (Genesis 15:11): “Birds of prey descended upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away.” What does it really mea...

CreationPatriarchsRepentanceHoly Land

What the Name Shadai Really Means

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 46:3

The scene: God, in (Genesis 17:1), reveals Himself to Abraham, saying "I am God Almighty [Shadai]." But what does Shadai really mean? The Rabbis, in Bereshit Rabbah 46, unpack this...

CreationPatriarchsTorahCovenant

Remove — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 46:4

The sages of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) explored this very human feeling when confronting God's command to Abraham to be circumcised. In (Genesis 17:1), God tel...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsTorah

Hidden Acronyms in the Torah Starting With Abraham

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 46:7

The rabbis of the Midrash loved finding secrets inside the first letters of things. Bereshit Rabbah 46 preserves one of those moments, the rabbis puzzling over something quite prof...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsTorah

Joshua and Creation of Land

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 46:9

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Joshua and Creation of Land. In (Genesis 17:8), God says, "I will give to you, and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojourning, the entire l...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsMoses

What Happens to the Soul That Rejects Circumcision

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 46:13

It centers around a single verse, (Genesis 17:14), which deals with brit milah, the covenant of circumcision. The verse reads: “And the uncircumcised male who shall not circumcise ...

CreationNoah & FloodTorahSoul

Yosei — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 48:3

" Now, Abraham takes center stage. He interprets this verse in light of his own life, specifically his circumcision. He says that after he circumcised himself, many proselytes, con...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJob

Lot and Creation of Sodom

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 50:3

It's like a linguistic puzzle, where sometimes a single letter can shift the whole meaning of a word. And that brings us to a curious little detail in the Torah, one that our sages...

CreationHell/GehennaJosephKing David

Angels Who Boasted and Were Punished for It

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 50:9

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Angels Who Boasted and Were Punished for It. The Bereshit Rabbah suggests that the angels who revealed God's plan to destroy Sodom paid a steep price: they...

CreationHeavenAngelsPatriarchs

Abraham's Seven Ewes and Their Costly Consequences

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 54:4

The story begins with Abraham making a covenant with Avimelekh, a Philistine king. As (Genesis 21:27) tells us, "Abraham took flocks and cattle, and gave them to Avimelekh, and the...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Salvation Comes on the Third Day of the Journey

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 56:1

The third day keeps returning as a day of rescue, from Abraham's journey to Sinai and beyond. Think about Abraham. In (Genesis 22:4), we read, "On the third day, Abraham lifted his...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

Eliezer's Camels and the Test of Idol Worship

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 60:8

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Eliezer's Camels and the Test of Idol Worship. Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Yirmeya pose a fascinating question to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Rabba: Were Abraham's camels, pa...

CreationAdam & EvePatriarchsTorah

The Golden Calf of Levi

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 71:5

The ancient rabbis certainly did. to a fascinating passage from Bereshit Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Genesis, and see what they had to say about...

CreationNoah & FloodMatriarchsJoseph

Jacob — Laban at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 74:13

In (Genesis 31:43), after Jacob decides to leave Laban and return to his homeland, Laban confronts him, saying, "The girls are my daughters, and the boys are my sons, and the flock...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Jacob's Terror Before Meeting Esau With Four Hundred Men

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 75:13

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Jacob's Terror Before Meeting Esau With Four Hundred Men. The scene is set. Jacob, returning to his homeland, learns that his estranged brother Esau is app...

CreationPatriarchsMosesKing David

Jacob Arrives Intact at Shechem After Years of Exile

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 79:1

The Torah is full of stories of resilience, and one that particularly resonates with this idea is Jacob's return to Canaan. In (Genesis 33:18), we read: "Jacob arrived intact to th...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsJob

How Much the Ishmaelites Paid for Joseph

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 84:19

Bereshit Rabbah turns to How Much the Ishmaelites Paid for Joseph. The verse in (Genesis 37:29) tells us, "Reuben returned to the pit, and behold, Joseph was not in the pit, and he...

CreationHell/GehennaPatriarchsJoseph

Marriage of Judah

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 85:5

The story begins with Judah and his sons. You might remember the verse from (Genesis 38:8): "Judah said to Onan: Consort with your brother’s wife, and consummate levirate marriage ...

CreationAdam & EveJosephElijah

Rabbi Elazar's Vision

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 89:8

Jewish tradition certainly has. There's a fascinating story in Bereshit Rabbah 89 that makes you think twice about speaking carelessly. The story begins simply enough. A woman appr...

CreationJosephTorahProphecy

Reuben Stakes His Own Sons to Save Benjamin

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 91:8

The Torah portion of Vayigash gives us a glimpse into their complex relationship, and the Rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), particularly in Bereshit Rabbah ...

CreationJosephMessiahSoul

Jacob — Joseph at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 91:9

It's a deep dive into the story of Jacob's sons and their trip to Egypt, and it's full of anxiety, suspicion, and loss. The passage begins with a recap from Genesis 42. Joseph, now...

CreationPatriarchsJosephJob

The Brothers' Defense Against the Goblet Accusation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 92:7

Here, the rabbis are exploring the verse in (Genesis 44:8), where Joseph's brothers, completely innocent of any wrongdoing, exclaim, "Behold, silver that we found in the opening of...

CreationHeavenMosesSolomon

How Wisdom Saved Judah in His Standoff With Joseph

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 93:7

This moment, fraught with tension and brotherly love disguised as animosity, is explored in a fascinating passage from Bereshit Rabbah 93. The story opens with a quote from Ecclesi...

CreationPatriarchsJosephSolomon

Death of Joseph of Jacob

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 100:8

The story of Joseph and his brothers, as told in Genesis, is a classic example. But what happens after the happy reunion, after Jacob's death and the grand funeral procession back ...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaPatriarchs

How Moses Reminded Israel of the Golden Calf

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 1:3

Did they really get away with it? The Book of Devarim. Deuteronomy, opens with the phrase, "These are the words that Moses spoke…" And the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary...

MosesKing DavidRepentanceHoly Land

The Suspenseful Story of a Sinner's Last Repentance

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 2:24

Jewish tradition actually has a lot to say about that, especially the power of teshuvah (repentance), or repentance. And let me tell you, some of these stories are wild. Devarim Ra...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsMoses

Moses Ascends to Heaven and Overhears the Angels

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 2:38

The story begins with Moses, our great leader, ascending to the heavens. Imagine the scene: clouds parting, a divine ladder stretching upwards, and Moses, step by step, approaching...

AngelsRepentanceHoly LandHolidays