Parshat Shemot

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The Israelites' enslavement in Egypt, the birth of Moses, Moses at the burning bush, and God's call to liberate His people. Exodus 1:1-6:1.

Where Moses Was Buried - The Valley and the Land of Moab

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:32

And the answer, well, it's more mystical than you might imagine. The book of Devarim (Deuteronomy), the last book of the Torah, tells us, "And He buried him in the valley, in the l...

MosesDeathAdam & EveKabbalah

Four Who Lived to One Hundred and Twenty Years Old

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:33

It’s something the Sages of the Talmud were keenly aware of, and it pops up in the most unexpected places. Take the very end of Moses’ life. "And Moses was one hundred and twenty y...

JosephMosesSolomonTorah

What Happened to Moses After He Died

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:36

It’s a question that's haunted humanity for, well, pretty much ever. And when we look to our sacred texts, sometimes we find the answers are…surprising. Take Moses, for example. We...

MosesHoly LandDeath

The Thirty Days of Mourning Before Moses Passed Away

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:38

Our journey starts with the Sifrei Devarim, a collection of legal commentaries on the Book of Deuteronomy. It asks a simple question about a seemingly simple phrase: "thirty days."...

MosesSoulWisdomDeath

How Joshua Earned the Awe of Israel After Moses

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:40

It's not just about giving orders. There's a fascinating idea tucked away in Sifrei Devarim that illuminates this. It says, regarding the Israelites following Moses's command, "and...

MosesProphecyWisdomHoly Land

What It Means That God Knew Moses Face to Face

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 357:41

It’s a question that’s echoed through generations, pondered in synagogues and around countless Shabbat (the Sabbath) tables. The Sifrei Devarim, a collection of legal midrash (rabb...

MessiahMosesKabbalahWisdom

Phinehas Who Is Elijah, Hidden in a Genealogy

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 6

Exodus chapter 6 is mostly genealogy—the kind of passage readers skim. The Targum Jonathan turns it into a minefield of hidden revelations. The chapter opens with God revealing the...

MosesHumorEgyptTribes

Job Feared God's Warning but Balaam Left His Flocks to Die

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 9

The plague of hail in Exodus chapter 9 comes with a warning: anyone who fears God's word should bring their livestock inside. The Hebrew Bible says some of Pharaoh's servants feare...

DeathJudgmentEgyptMoses

God Told Moses to Build a House for the Shekinah

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 25

The instructions for building the Tabernacle in (Exodus 25) read like an architectural blueprint in the Hebrew Bible. The Targum Jonathan adds theological meaning to nearly every m...

MosesCommandmentsHumorNoah & Flood

Moses Saw the Knot of God's Tefillin from Behind

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 33

After the golden calf, God told Moses something devastating in (Exodus 33:1-23). The Shekinah (the Divine Presence) would not travel with Israel anymore. The Targum Jonathan turns ...

MosesPatriarchsPrayerSin

Korach's Sons Survived by Following Moses

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Numbers 26

After the plague killed twenty-four thousand, God ordered a new census. The Targum's version of (Numbers 26) opens with a phrase absent from the Torah: "the compassions of the heav...

DeathWomen of the BibleMosesRebellion

Moses Listed Every Sin Before Israel's Final March

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 1

The standard text of (Deuteronomy 1) opens with Moses speaking to Israel "beyond the Jordan." But the Targum Jonathan, an ancient Aramaic translation composed between the 1st and 4...

JudgmentCovenantMosesSin

Four Angels Laid Moses on a Golden Bed to Die

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 34

The death of Moses in (Deuteronomy 34) is eight verses in the Torah. Targum Jonathan turns it into one of the most elaborate death scenes in all of ancient Jewish literature. From ...

DeathMosesKingsAngels

The Song of Moses in the Synagogue Targum

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Deuteronomy 32

The Hebrew Bible records Moses's great farewell poem, the Song of Ha'azinu (Deuteronomy 32), a sweeping poetic indictment of Israel's future unfaithfulness. Targum Onkelos translat...

MosesProphecyTorah

Moses's Final Blessing of the Tribes

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Deuteronomy 33

The Hebrew Bible calls Moses "the man of God" (Deuteronomy 33:1). Targum Onkelos adds one word: "the prophet of God." Moses is not merely a man who belongs to God. He is a prophet—...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

The Death of Moses in Onkelos's Aramaic

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Deuteronomy 34

The Hebrew Bible says Moses died "by the mouth of God" (Deuteronomy 34:5). Ancient tradition interprets this as death by a divine kiss—the gentlest possible departure from life. Ta...

MosesProphecyAngels

A Prophet Like Moses Shall Arise

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Deuteronomy 18

The Hebrew Bible promises: "A prophet from your midst, of your brethren, like me, will God establish for you" (Deuteronomy 18:15). Targum Onkelos translates this verse without alte...

MosesProphecyMessiah

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘Judah became His

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:7

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘Judah became His -holy one, Israel, His dominion’ (Psalms 114:2); and when Israel went out of Jerusalem, Jeremiah said ‘“Away! Unclean!” ...

MosesProphecyCharityHoly Land

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘the sea saw them

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:8

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘the sea saw them and fled, the Jordan turned backward’ (Psalms 114:2); and when Israel went out of Jerusalem, Jeremiah said ‘by the river...

ExileMosesProphecyCharity

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘the mountains

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:9

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘the mountains skipped like rams’(Psalms 114:4); And when Israel went out of Jerusalem, Jeremiah said 'I look at the mountains, they are q...

MosesProphecyCharityHoly Land

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘God your God has

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:10

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘God your God has been with you these past forty years: you have lacked nothing’ (Deuteronomy 2:7); and when Israel went out of Jerusalem,...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘and in the

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:11

When Israel went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘and in the wilderness, where you saw how God your God carried you, as a man carries his son’(Deuteronomy 1:31); and when they went out of...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

When they went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘while you, who

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:12

When they went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘while you, who held fast to God your God, are all alive today’ (Deuteronomy 4:4); and when they went out of Jerusalem, Jeremiah said ‘the t...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

When they went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘and the cloud of

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:13

When they went out of Egypt, Moses said ‘and the cloud of God was on them by day’ (Numbers 10:34); and when they went out of Jerusalem, Jeremiah said ‘[You have screened Yourself o...

MosesProphecyPrayerHoly Land

The Death of Moses and the Weeping of Heaven

Midrash Aggadah Midrashim on Moses Our Master, Drash on Petirat Moshe

On the last day of his life, Moses did something no prophet had ever done — he dressed his successor in public, with his own hands. He commanded that a golden throne be brought, al...

MosesDeathAngelsTorah

Why God Appeared to Moses in a Lowly Thornbush

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 42

A non-Jew once asked Rabban Gamliel a question that seemed simple but concealed a philosophical trap. "Your God," he said, "is supposedly the master of the entire universe. He crea...

PatriarchsAdam & EveMosesHumility

Moses Questions God

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 8:8

Yet, Jewish tradition suggests just that. The story goes that as God dictated the Torah atop Mount Sinai, Moses, ever the diligent scribe, meticulously wrote down every word. But t...

CreationTorahMosesAdam & Eve

Moses' Last Request

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 11

What would you ask for? According to tradition, as his time drew near, Moses made one final, powerful request of God. It wasn't for more life, or for comfort, or even for himself a...

HeavenMosesAdam & EveNoah & Flood

The Royal Guard Parable and the Levite Exemption

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 1:12

In the book of Numbers, Bamidbar, we find a census being taken. But there's a twist. "However, the tribe of Levi you shall not count" (Numbers 1:49). Why this exclusion? Bamidbar R...

Noah & FloodJosephMosesKing David

Jacob — Moses at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 2:8

It seems like such a simple detail, but the Torah dedicates a lot of space to describing the precise arrangement of the tribes around the Mishkan, the Tabernacle. And the Rabbis, n...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchs

If Aaron's Grandsons Had Sons the Priesthood Would Differ

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 2:26

Today, we're diving into a fascinating passage from Bamidbar Rabbah, specifically section 2, which gives us a peek into the lives of Aaron's sons, Elazar and Itamar, and their role...

CreationPatriarchsMosesKing David

Why the Righteous Blossom Like a Palm Tree

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 3:1

It all starts with the verse, "Bring the tribe of Levi near and stand it before Aaron the priest, and they shall serve him" (Numbers 3:5–6). This is where our sages begin to unpack...

CreationHeavenAdam & EvePatriarchs

Aaron Appointed Overseers Among the Faithful Levites

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 3:3

"And stand it before Aaron, the priest, and they shall serve him." This seemingly simple instruction reveals a whole world of responsibility. But what does it mean to "serve him"? ...

Hell/GehennaMosesKing David

God Settles Individuals in a House After Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 3:6

We know, according to tradition, that God created the world in six days. But what about since then? The Talmudic sages pondered this very question. In Bamidbar Rabbah, a collection...

CreationAngelsNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Moses Balks at Counting Every Infant in Every Tent

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 3:9

Every. Single. One. Think about the logistics! As it says in Bamidbar Rabbah (Numbers Rabbah), Moses was understandably a little… hesitant. "You want me to go into every courtyard,...

HeavenMosesShekhinah

Aaron Before the Flood

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 3:11

It's not a mistake, and it's definitely not filler! Sometimes, those repetitions are there to teach us something profound about the people and stories within. to one such instance ...

Noah & FloodMosesTempleHoly Land

Kehat Gershon and Merari United as Equal Before God

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 6:10

The Torah, in its infinite wisdom, touches upon this very feeling when describing the Levites. We find in (Numbers 3:46), "All the counted, whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of ...

MosesKing DavidTorahTemple

How Moses Alluded to Samson in the Laws of the Nazirite

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 10:6

Yet, the rabbis of old saw a deep, underlying unity. A web of connections. Take, for example, the fascinating link they found between the laws of the nazir, the one who takes a vow...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsMoses

Why the Wicked Prosper and How Aaron Blesses Israel

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 11:1

It’s a question that’s plagued humanity for millennia. And believe it or not, our ancient texts wrestle with it too. We find a fascinating perspective in Bamidbar Rabbah, specifica...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaPatriarchs

God's Woe on the Day the Tabernacle Was Dedicated

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 12:7

The ancient rabbis grappled with that feeling too, especially when things were going well for the Israelites. Take the story in Bamidbar Rabbah 12, which begins with a single, load...

CreationAngelsMosesKing David

Divine Presence of Tabernacle

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 13:2

It’s a story rich with symbolism, divine presence, and, believe it or not, even a little tension about who gets to offer what. , shall we? According to Bamidbar Rabbah 13, it all b...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveNoah & Flood

David — Aaron at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 14:13

to a fascinating passage from Bamidbar Rabbah, specifically section 14, which grapples with just that question, focusing on the anointing of the altar and its implications for the ...

CreationMosesKing DavidTemple

Moses's Transgression of Joshua

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 15:15

The text hinges on the seemingly simple phrase, "Craft for you." (Numbers 10:2) It's all about the personal nature of leadership and the instruments that come with it. "Craft for y...

MosesSolomonHoly LandShabbat

Moses Picks Seventy Elders Through a Clever Lottery

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 15:19

to a story from Bamidbar Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Book of Numbers, that explores just this. The story goes that God tells Moses to gather seventy men to he...

MosesProphecySoulHoly Land

Gather to Me Seventy Men of a Special Caliber

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 15:24

It's like a secret code, hinting at deeper meanings. Take this verse from (Numbers 11:16): "Gather to Me seventy men [ish]..." Why ish, and not the more common Hebrew word for men,...

HeavenJosephMosesKing David

Moses and Solomon of Send

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 16:4

The verse in (Numbers 13:2), “Send you men,” seems simple enough. But Bamidbar Rabbah, a fascinating collection of Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic interpretations on t...

MosesSolomonProphecyRepentance

Covenant of Moses of Land

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 16:12

Even in the Bible, the order in which things are presented can tell a whole story. Take the story of the spies sent by Moses to scout out the Land of Canaan, the Promised Land, bef...

MosesHoly LandHeresyCovenant

Moses and the Soul of Caleb

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 16:19

It’s a story found within Bamidbar Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Numbers. The scene is set: Moses has sent out spies to scout the Land of Israel. ...

MosesSoulHoly Land