Parshat Shoftim

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Laws of judges and officers, the king, the Levitical priests, true and false prophets, cities of refuge, and warfare. Deuteronomy 16:18-21:9.

“Also, Vashti the queen made a women’s banquet in the royal

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:2

“Also, Vashti the queen made a women’s banquet in the royal palace of King Aḥashverosh” (Esther 1:9). Rabbi Yehuda son of Rabbi Simon began: “My people, its oppressors are babes an...

ProphecyHoly LandWomen of the BibleKings

Another interpretation — “Also, Vashti the queen” – Shmuel

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:3

Another interpretation: “Also, Vashti the queen” – Shmuel began: “When they are inflamed, I will set out their banquet [and get them drunk, that they revel and then sleep an endles...

ExileProphecyDivine justiceTemple

“Who had been exiled from Jerusalem with the exile that was

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:4

“Who had been exiled from Jerusalem with the exile that was exiled with Yekhonya king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia exiled” (Esther 2:6).“Who had been exiled from...

ExileProphecyHoly Land

“It was contemptible in his eyes to lay hands on Mordekhai

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:10

“It was contemptible in his eyes to lay hands on Mordekhai alone, for they had told him of Mordekhai’s people; Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were in the whole kingdom o...

ExileMosesProphecyDivine justice

“The text of the document was that an edict be issued in

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:24

“The text of the document was that an edict be issued in every province, to be publicly displayed to all the peoples: Be ready for that day” (Esther 3:14). “The text of the documen...

ProphecyPrayerHoly Land

“And you, write about the Jews as is pleasing in your eyes

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:10

“And you, write about the Jews as is pleasing in your eyes in the name of the king” (Esther 8:8), and send to all the provinces “to destroy and to kill and to eliminate” (Esther 8:...

ProphecyMiraclesHoly Land

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:11

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of King Aḥashverosh, to lay hand on those who sought their harm. And no one stood against them for the fear of them had fall...

ProphecyHoly LandAnimalsEsther

God Assigned Every Person in History a Role

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 10

From the very first moment of creation, God assigned every major figure in history a specific role. Esther Rabbah preserves a remarkable list, attributed to Rabbi Berekhya, that re...

CreationPatriarchsMosesProphecy

How God Prophesied the Fall of Babylon and Persia

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 12

The exile of the Jewish people under Ahasuerus was not an accident. According to Esther Rabbah, it was prophesied in detail centuries before it happened, embedded in verses from Is...

ExilePatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

The Enthronement Of Moses

Philo Life of Moses 1:155-158

It sounds radical, I know. According to some accounts, God bestowed immense honor upon Moses, gifting him dominion over the entire earth, the seas, the rivers – all the elements th...

HeavenMessiahTorahPatriarchs

The True Temple Of God

Philo Philo

Maybe that feeling is a tiny glimpse into the ultimate truth: that everything is sacred. Philo, the 1st-century Jewish philosopher from Alexandria, certainly thought so. He envisio...

CreationAngelsHeavenProphecy

Accused of Heresy for Balancing Tradition and Reason

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:12

Isn't it frustrating when someone twists your words, puts ideas in your mouth, and generally acts in bad faith? That's the vibe I get from this next section of "The Wars of God." S...

PatriarchsMosesTorahTemple

Torah Was Meant to Be Questioned, Not Mindlessly Recited

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:16

Someone is being called out for criticizing the act of diligently seeking to understand the sacred texts. The response is sharp: "Who gave you the authority to seek and investigate...

CreationHeavenKing DavidTorah

Mordechai Beyond the Firmament

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:19

You're not alone! The tradition teaches that deep understanding requires dedication, effort, and a willingness to truly delve into the text. The power to investigate and inquire wi...

HeavenMosesEstherTorah

Rabbi Elazar and Creation of Merkavah

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:25

And it's a desire that sometimes leads to conflict, as we see when examining certain debates within Kabbalah, the Jewish mystical tradition. In this particular instance, we're divi...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveEsther

Philo Argues Adam Was Created with the Gift of Sight

Philo The Midrash of Philo 7:2

Philo, the 1st-century Jewish philosopher from Alexandria, grappled with this very question in his own way. In what we call "The Midrash of Philo," he argues that Adam must have be...

Adam & EveMosesProphecySoul

Enoch and the Heavenly Realms

Philo The Midrash of Philo 24:2

We often think of death as the end, a full stop. But what if it's just a… transition? Philo, that brilliant Jewish philosopher from Alexandria, wrestled with this very idea. He was...

HeavenElijahProphecyDeath

Philo on Divine Mercy and Joseph's Role in Egypt

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:2

But what if I told you there's a perspective, woven into ancient Jewish thought, that offers a slightly different angle?Now, midrash (מדרש) itself, broadly speaking, is a way of in...

JosephProphecyRepentanceEgypt

Bezalel Studies Torah

Philo The Midrash of Philo 3:2

It’s a question that’s puzzled thinkers for ages, and surprisingly, we find some intriguing early thoughts on it in the writings attributed to Philo of Alexandria, an important Jew...

TorahTempleProphecySoul

Philo on Abraham's Vision of Four Hundred Years

Philo The Midrash of Philo 13:2

The ancient sages certainly did. And they found profound meaning in that feeling. to a fascinating interpretation of a well-known biblical passage, explored in the Midrash of Philo...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsJob

Ruth Speaks for God

Philo The Midrash of Philo 3:2

That’s the feeling swirling around in this passage from the Midrash of Philo, an ancient commentary attributed to Philo of Alexandria, as it grapples with the moment someone encoun...

ProphecySinaiWomen of the BibleConversion

Adam The Golem

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanhuma

The mystics imagined it, and what they saw is The story goes that when God decided to create Adam, it wasn't a snap of the fingers. It was a process. A cosmic sculpting project, if...

CreationAngelsDemonsHeaven

The Sacrifice

Midrash Tanchuma Tanchuma, Vayera 23

The story of Abraham and Isaac, the Akeidah (the binding), grapples with these very questions. Abraham and Sarah, living in the Land of Israel, yearned for a child. Their lives wer...

CreationDemonsPatriarchsAdam & Eve

The Creation Of The Temple

Midrash Tanchuma Tanchuma, Vayakhel 7

According to Jewish tradition, the very concept of the Temple in Jerusalem, that sacred place, was envisioned at the dawn of creation itself. As Howard Schwartz recounts in Tree of...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 14

The Lord came unto Abraham in a vision, saying: “fear not” (Gen. 15:1). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Then Thou spokest in vision to Thy godly ones, and saids...

PatriarchsProphecyAbrahamDreams & Visions

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 13

And the Lord remembered Sarah, as he had said (Gen. 21:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: God is not a man that He should lie; neither the son of man, that H...

MatriarchsProphecyAdam & EveAngels