Parshat Vayelech

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Moses's final day, the commandment of Hakhel (public Torah reading), and the prediction of Israel's future rebellion. Deuteronomy 31:1-31:30.

Rabbi Shimon in Solomon's Court

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 14:3

Today, we're diving into a fascinating passage from Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Song of Songs, that explores just that. Specifically, we'r...

SolomonTorahMiracles

Where Did Your Beloved Go and the Sting of Divine Doubt

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:1

Ever felt that sting of doubt, that little voice whispering, "Where is He now?" It's a question that's echoed through the ages, a challenge thrown at the heart of faith itself. And...

JosephMosesSolomonHoly Land

God Tells Israel to Avert Their Eyes From Arrogance

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 5:1

It’s a powerful human experience, and surprisingly, it's one that Jewish tradition ascribes to God. We find this idea explored in Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic int...

HeavenJosephMosesKing David

Teeth Like a Flock of Ewes and the Secrets They Hide

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 6:1

Take the Song of Songs, that beautiful, sensual poem. It seems simple enough. But the rabbis of old… they saw worlds within worlds. Consider this verse from chapter 6, verse 6: "Yo...

Hell/GehennaMosesSolomonRepentance

Pomegranate Temples and the Sinners of Israel Still Full

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 7:1

The verse? "Your temple is like a pomegranate slice behind your braid" (Song of Songs 6:7). Sounds pretty. Poetic, even. But what does it mean? The rabbis of old, in their endless ...

MosesSolomonTempleRepentance

Shir — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 9:1

But in Jewish tradition, it's often interpreted as an allegory – a story with a deeper, hidden meaning. And that's where Shir HaShirim Rabbah comes in. This is a collection of rabb...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsJoseph

Queens and Concubines as Layers of Torah Study

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 9:2

The Torah itself is vast, but then you have the Mishnah, the Talmud... it can feel like an endless ocean. Well, Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a fascinating commentary on the Song of Songs,...

TorahMusic & SongSolomonAdam & Eve

She Appears Like Dawn and Grows Formidable Like the Sun

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 10:1

Our ancestors certainly did. And they found a beautiful way to grapple with that tension, a way that still resonates today. It all starts with a verse from the Song of Songs (6:10)...

CreationMosesKing DavidSolomon

How Lilies Protect the Pile of Wheat That Is Leviticus

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 3:2

Jewish tradition often uses metaphors to explore those pivotal moments, and today we're diving into one that uses lilies – yes, lilies! – to explain the power of Torah. We find thi...

Adam & EveTorahRepentance

Why Israel Is Compared to Wheat and Not Pine Cones

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 3:3

I know, it sounds random. But stick with me. In Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations of the Song of Songs, that very grain becomes a powerful symbol for t...

PatriarchsJosephMosesKing David

Two Evil Inclinations God Created in the World

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 8:1

We're diving into Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a Midrash – a collection of rabbinic teachings – on the Song of Songs. Specifically, we're looking at verse 7:8, "This, your stature, is lik...

CreationHell/GehennaPatriarchsMoses

Vineyards Pomegranates and the Secret Meaning of Prayer

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 13:1

You know, the Song of Songs, also known as Shir HaShirim in Hebrew, is that incredibly sensual, passionate, and often mysterious book in the Bible. It's been interpreted in so many...

SolomonTorahProphecyPrayer

Joseph and Creation of Benjamin

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:1

The Song of Songs, that most passionate and allegorical of biblical books, wrestles with that very feeling. to a fascinating interpretation from Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a classical m...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

Yehoyakhin and the King

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 6:2

Jewish tradition grapples with this very idea, and sometimes finds surprising answers in unexpected places. The passage we're looking at unpacks the verse, "Place me as a seal upon...

King DavidTorahProphecyPrayer

Five Things Missing From the Second Temple

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 9:3

Our Rabbis certainly did. They grappled with this very question, especially when comparing the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. In Shir HaShirim Rabbah, the Rabbis delve into...

Adam & EveNoah & FloodPatriarchsMoses

Teachings of Solomon

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 10:1

to a fascinating interpretation from Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Song of Songs, specifically chapter 8, verse 11: "Solomon had a vineyard at Baa...

JosephSolomonDanielTorah

A King Listens at Prison Walls as Servants Praise Him

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 12:1

It all starts with a verse from (Song of Songs 8:13): “The one who dwells in the gardens, companions listen to your voice; let me hear it.” Rabbi Natan, quoting Rabbi Aḥa, uses a p...

CreationAngelsNoah & FloodSolomon

Abraham's Circumcision and the Meaning of Being Whole

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 14:2

Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic interpretations on the book of Leviticus, dives deep into this very topic, using the verse "when a woma...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsMoses

The Moment at Sinai When Not One Israelite Was Impure

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 18:4

Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai paints a powerful picture of that experience. He teaches that when the Israelites stood at Sinai and proclaimed, "Everything that God said we will perform an...

Noah & FloodMosesSolomonHoly Land

Solomon the Builder of Shmuel

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 19:3

It’s a thought that echoes through the ancient wisdom of Vayikra Rabbah (Leviticus Rabbah), a Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic collection interpreting the book of Levit...

SolomonElijahTorahHoly Land

Israelite Women Guarded Their Virtue in Egypt

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:5

We find a clue in Vayikra Rabbah, specifically in a passage connected to the story of the "son of an Israelite woman" (Leviticus 24:10). The text begins by quoting the Song of Song...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsJoseph

Daniel the Tailor Weeps Over the Oppressed Mamzer

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:8

Today's story, drawn from Vayikra Rabbah 32, dives into just that: the plight of the mamzer. The mamzer. It's a loaded term. In Jewish law, it refers to a child born from certain f...

HeavenAdam & EveSolomonDaniel

“The adversary extended his hand over all her delights; for

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:38

“The adversary extended his hand over all her delights; for she saw the nations entering her Sanctuary, whom You had commanded that they should not enter Your assembly” (Lamentatio...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

Another interpretation — “From people [mimtim] by Your hand”

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:7

Another interpretation: “From people [mimtim] by Your hand” – who are these courageous men who took theirs from under the hand of God? And who was that? That was the generation of ...

TorahPatriarchsDivine justiceDeath

God Assigned Every Person in History a Role

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 10

From the very first moment of creation, God assigned every major figure in history a specific role. Esther Rabbah preserves a remarkable list, attributed to Rabbi Berekhya, that re...

CreationPatriarchsMosesProphecy

Kissing as Worship - From Idolatry to Devotion

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:21

Yes, kissing! We often think of kissing as a sign of affection, love, or respect. But in ancient times, it could also be a form of worship. Strange. The Bible itself gives us a gli...

Noah & FloodTorahTemplePrayer

Philo Reads the Flood as Allegory of the Number Fifteen

Philo The Midrash of Philo 20:1

The Torah tells us, in (Genesis 7:19), about the flood: “And the water overflowed fifteen cubits above all the highest mountains.” Simple enough on the surface. But if we dig a lit...

CreationNoah & FloodFloodDivine justice

Philo on Healing Stubborn Souls Like a Physician

Philo The Midrash of Philo 10:2

We see potential, and we want to help it blossom. But how do you actually do it? The Midrash of Philo, a collection of interpretations and homilies attributed to the philosopher Ph...

TorahWisdomHealingAdam & Eve

Creator Studies Torah

Philo The Midrash of Philo 7:2

The ancient sages certainly did. And sometimes, the most straightforward stories hide the deepest truths. Take the tale we find in The Midrash of Philo, for example. It seems simpl...

JobTorahPrayerWisdom

Midrash Tanchuma, Bereshit 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bereshit 1

With1The prefix bet in the first word of the Torah can be translated as “with,” “in,”, “by means of,” etc. the beginning (Gen. 1:1). This is what Scripture means when it says: The ...

CreationTorahWisdomWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Bereshit 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bereshit 8

And the Lord said: Behold, man has become like one of us (Gen. 3:22). May our master teach us the punishment inflicted upon one who speaks evil?29Speaking evil (slander) is conside...

TorahAdam & EveDeathKing David

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

And the whole earth was of one language (Gen. 11:1). May it please our master to teach us why a house with an eruv27A legal fiction which establishes the continuity of a community ...

TorahNoah & FloodHumorWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 2

Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred (Gen. 12:9). R. Berechiah opened the discussion with the verse: We have a little sister, and she hath no breasts; what shall we do...

TorahMartyrdomAbrahamHumor

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 4

And Joseph was brought down into Egypt (Gen. 39:1). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: Come and see the works of God; he acts circuitously in His doings toward ...

DeathEgyptWarJoseph

Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 3

And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine (Gen. 41:2) After he (Pharaoh) had his dream, he summoned all his magicians. Whereupon the Holy Spirit called out: Where are ...

Dreams & VisionsJosephEgyptMoses

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 3

Then Judah came near unto him. Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: The lion, which is the mightiest of beasts, turneth not away for anyone (Prov. 30:30). It happ...

TorahTribesConversionJoseph

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 14

And he led the flock to the farthest end of the wilderness (Exod. 3:1). In answer to the query Why did he go into the wilderness? R. Johanan said: He went into the wilderness becau...

MosesExodusWomen of the BibleFlood

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 19

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 19

And he said: “Moses, Moses.” and he said: “Here am I” (Exod. 3:4). What is the meaning of Here am I? R. Joshua the son of Karha held: Here am I implies: “I am ready for priesthood ...

MosesAbrahamHumorKings

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Another comment upon the verse And the Lord said to Aaron: “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses” (Exod. 4:27). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: O that thou wer...

MosesWomen of the BiblePriesthoodHatred

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 3

When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying: “Show a wonder for you” (Exod. 7:9). He will be making a reasonable request to you. You find in the case of Noah, that though He said to ...

Noah & FloodMosesMiraclesEgypt

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

And they said: “The God of the Hebrews hath met with us” (Exod. 5:3). Moses and Aaron declared: Perhaps You will say we altered Your words when we told him: “Thus said the Lord, th...

MosesEgyptHumorTribes

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 11

When Pharaoh shall speak unto you (Exod. 7:9). Scripture states (elsewhere in reference to this verse): Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are...

MosesEgyptSinBible

Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 2

Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness (Exod. 10:21). Where did the darkness come from? R. Judah and R. Nehemiah discussed this question. R. Judah held: It ...

TorahNoah & FloodHumorDeath

Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 5

And the Lord spoke unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying (Exod. 12:1). Is it not a fact that He spoke only to Moses? Why, then, does the Scripture say unto Moses and Aa...

CovenantPriesthoodAdam & EveMoses

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 26

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 26

And Moses said unto Joshua: “Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek” (Exod. 17:9). From this verse it is apparent that Moses treated his disciple Joshua as his equal. Thi...

DeathHumorMosesPriesthood

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 28

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 28

And his hands were steady until the going down of the sun (Exod. 17:12). Since time was calculated by means of the stars, what did Moses do? He stopped the revolution of the sun, t...

MosesJoyAdam & EvePatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 3

18:1). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Thine ointments have a goodly fragrance; thy name is an ointment poured forth; therefore do the maidens love thee (Song 1...

TorahHumorCommandmentsAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 5

18:1). Scripture says elsewhere: Thine own friend and thy father’s friend forsake not; neither go into thy brother’s house in the day of thy calamity; better is a neighbor that is ...

TorahWomen of the BiblePatriarchsJacob