Parshat Vayeshev

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Joseph's dreams and his brothers' jealousy, Joseph sold into slavery, Judah and Tamar, and Joseph in Potiphar's house and prison. Genesis 37:1-40:23.

“Jerusalem has committed a sin, therefore she has become a pariah

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:35

“Jerusalem has committed a sin, therefore she has become a pariah. All who honored her demean her because they have seen her nakedness. She, too, sighed and turned back” (Lamentati...

CovenantHoly LandSinJerusalem

“Her impurity is on her hems, she had not considered her

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:36

“Her impurity is on her hems, she had not considered her end; she has declined extraordinarily, there is no one to comfort her. See, Lord, my affliction, for the enemy has expanded...

TorahProphecyDivine justiceTemple

“May it not befall you, all wayfarers

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:40

“May it not befall you, all wayfarers. Look and see: Is there any pain like my pain, which has been done to me, with which the Lord has tormented me on the day of His enflamed wrat...

TorahExileMosesDivine justice

“The yoke of my transgressions is preserved in His hand

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:42

“The yoke of my transgressions is preserved in His hand, becoming entangled, coming upon my neck, sapping my strength. The Lord delivered me into the hands of those against whom I ...

ExileMosesWisdomCovenant

“For these I weep, my eye, my eye sheds water; for a

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:45

“For these I weep, my eye, my eye sheds water; for a comforter, restorer of my soul, has grown distant from me; my children have become desolate, because the enemy has prevailed” (...

ExileProphecyWisdomTemple

There was an incident involving Miriam bat Baitus, whom

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:47

There was an incident involving Miriam bat Baitus, whom Yehoshua ben Gamla betrothed [to him], and the king appointed him to be the High Priest.173He was appointed to this position...

TorahTempleMiraclesCovenant

There was an incident involving Miriam daughter of Nakdimon

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:48

There was an incident involving Miriam daughter of Nakdimon for whom the Sages alloted five hundred gold dinars for a basket of perfume each day. She nonetheless stood and cursed t...

WisdomWomen of the BibleMusic & SongSolomon

There was an incident involving Doeg ben Yosef who died and

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:51

There was an incident involving Doeg ben Yosef who died and left a young son to his mother. She would measure him in handbreadths and donate his weight in gold to the Temple182Lite...

TorahExileRedemptionProphecy

“Zion spread her hands, there was no comforter for her; the

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:52

“Zion spread her hands, there was no comforter for her; the Lord has commanded for Jacob that her adversaries surround her. Jerusalem has become like a pariah among them” (Lamentat...

CreationRedemptionPatriarchsProphecy

“I called to my lovers, they deceived me; my priests and my

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:54

“I called to my lovers, they deceived me; my priests and my elders perished in the city while they sought food for themselves to restore their souls” (Lamentations 1:19).“I called ...

TorahExileProphecyWisdom

“They heard that I sigh; there is no comforter for me; all

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:56

“They heard that I sigh; there is no comforter for me; all my enemies heard of my misfortune, were glad because You acted. May You bring the day that You proclaimed, and they will ...

TorahExileRedemptionMoses

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:1

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath. He cast the splendor of Israel from the heavens to the earth, and did not remember His footstool on the day of His wrat...

TorahExileRedemptionProphecy

“How the Lord has clouded [ya’iv] the daughter of Zion in

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:2

“How the Lord has clouded [ya’iv] the daughter of Zion in His wrath.” Rabbi Ḥama bar Rabbi Ḥanina said: How did the Lord condemn in His wrath the daughter of Zion?8Rabbi Ḥama inter...

PatriarchsProphecyDeathHoly Land

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:3

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi Ḥanina bar Yitzḥak said: The Holy One blessed be He does not remember that blood [hadam] that was between the legs of the...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

“The Lord resolved to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:12

“The Lord resolved to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion. He drew a line, did not withdraw His hand from demolishing. He caused the rampart and wall to mourn, together they l...

ExileProphecyHoly Land

“Its gates sank into the ground; He eradicated and broke its bars

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:13

“Its gates sank into the ground; He eradicated and broke its bars. Its king and its princes are among the nations; there is no Torah; its prophets, too, could not find a vision fro...

TorahProphecyWisdomTemple

“My eyes fail from tears; my innards burn; my liver is

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:15

“My eyes fail from tears; my innards burn; my liver is poured on the earth over the disaster of the daughter of my people, as the infants and the sucklings faint in the city square...

ExileRedemptionProphecyTemple

“To their mothers they say — Where is grain and wine

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:16

“To their mothers they say: Where is grain and wine? While fainting like corpses in the city squares, while their souls are poured into their mothers' bosoms” (Lamentations 2:12).“...

DeathWomen of the BibleRainNoah & Flood

“All wayfarers clapped their hands over you; they whistled

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:19

“All wayfarers clapped their hands over you; they whistled and shook their heads at the daughter of Jerusalem: Is this the city that was said to be perfect beauty, the joy of the e...

ProphecyHoly LandJerusalemJoy

“Lad and elder lay on the ground in the streets, my young

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:24

“Lad and elder lay on the ground in the streets, my young women and my young men fell by the sword. You killed on the day of Your wrath, You slaughtered, had no compassion” (Lament...

ProphecyHumorTragedyViolence

“He has broken my teeth with gravel, covered me in ashes”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:6

“He has broken my teeth with gravel, covered me in ashes” (Lamentations 3:16).“He has broken my teeth with gravel” – there was an incident involving the son of Rabbi Ḥananya ben Te...

RedemptionProphecyDivine justiceWisdom

“Remember my affliction and my anguish, wormwood and gall”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:7

“Remember my affliction and my anguish, wormwood and gall” (Lamentations 3:19).“Remember my affliction and my anguish [umrudi]” – the congregation of Israel says before the Holy On...

TorahRedemptionProphecyWisdom

“For the Lord will not forsake forever

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:11

“For the Lord will not forsake forever. For, if He torments, He will have compassion according to His abundant grace. For He does not afflict willingly and torment the children of ...

TorahExileMosesDivine justice

“You are covered with wrath and have pursued us; You have

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:15

“You are covered with wrath and have pursued us; You have killed, did not have compassion. You have covered Yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass. You have rendered us f...

ProphecyPrayerRepentanceCharity

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:23

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under the heavens of the Lord” (Lamentations 3:66).“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them” – Jeremiah said: “May you pur...

TorahMosesProphecyDivine justice

“The precious sons of Zion, who were valued in gold, how

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:2

“The precious sons of Zion, who were valued in gold, how are they considered earthenware jugs, the handiwork of the hands of the potter?” (Lamentations 4:2).“The precious sons of Z...

WisdomHoly LandJerusalemZion

There was an incident involving a certain man in Jerusalem

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:3

There was an incident involving a certain man in Jerusalem, who made a feast. He said to a member of his household: ‘Go and bring me my friend, Kamtza.’ He went and brought his ene...

TempleHoly LandSacrificeJerusalem

There was an incident involving one of the prominent

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:5

There was an incident involving one of the prominent residents of Jerusalem, who said to his lad: ‘Go and bring me water.’ He was waiting for him on the rooftop. [The lad] came and...

DeathHoly LandHeresyWar

“Her nazirites were purer than snow, whiter than milk

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:10

“Her nazirites were purer than snow, whiter than milk; their appearance was ruddier than gems, their form, a sapphire” (Lamentations 4:7).“Her nazirites were purer than snow,” for ...

WisdomSamsonKingsTragedy

“Their countenance is blacker than coal, they are not

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:11

“Their countenance is blacker than coal, they are not recognized in the streets; their skin is shriveled on their bones, it has become dry as wood” (Lamentations 4:8).“Their counte...

ExileTemplePovertyTragedy

“Those killed by sword were better off than those killed by

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:12

“Those killed by sword were better off than those killed by hunger, for those would bleed, ruptured from the produce of the field” (Lamentations 4:9).“Those killed by sword were be...

ExileTempleHoly Land

“The hands of merciful women cooked their children; they

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:13

“The hands of merciful women cooked their children; they were food for them in the disaster of the daughter of my people” (Lamentations 4:10).“The hands of merciful women cooked th...

TorahDeathCharityHoly Land

“It was due to the sins of her prophets, the iniquities of

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:16

“It was due to the sins of her prophets, the iniquities of her priests, who shed the blood of the righteous in her midst” (Lamentations 4:13).“It was due to the sins of her prophet...

ExileProphecyDivine justiceTemple

“The blind wandered in the streets, having been sullied

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:17

“The blind wandered in the streets, having been sullied with blood, so that one could not touch their garments” (Lamentations 4:14).“The blind wandered in the streets.” The blind a...

WisdomViolenceHumorTragedy

“Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the heavens

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:22

“Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the heavens; they pursued us on the mountains, they ambushed us in the wilderness” (Lamentations 4:19).“Our pursuers were swifter than...

TempleDeathHoly Land

“Be glad and rejoice, daughter of Edom, who resides in the

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:24

“Be glad and rejoice, daughter of Edom, who resides in the land of Utz: the cup will pass to you too; you will get drunk, and you will be overturned” (Lamentations 4:21).“Be glad a...

WisdomWomen of the BibleJoyTragedy

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:25

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not continue to exile you. He will reckon your iniquity, daughter of Edom, He will expose your sins” (Lamentations 4:22).“You...

ExileRedemptionMosesProphecy

“Remember, Lord, what befell us; look, and see our

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:1

“Remember, Lord, what befell us; look, and see our disgrace” (Lamentations 5:1).“Remember, Lord, what befell us.” Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “The greyhound, or the goat” (Proverbs 30:31)...

TorahExileProphecyWisdom

“Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers, our

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:2

“Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers, our houses to foreigners” (Lamentations 5:2).“Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers.” What type of turning? It is “l...

ProphecyTempleCharityHoly Land

“We have become orphans, fatherless; our mothers are like

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:3

“We have become orphans, fatherless; our mothers are like widows” (Lamentations 5:3).“We have become orphans, fatherless.” Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Levi: The Holy O...

RedemptionHoly LandWomen of the BibleCharity

“Our fathers have sinned, and are no more; and we have

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:7

“Our fathers have sinned, and are no more; and we have suffered their iniquities” (Lamentations 5:7).“Our fathers have sinned, and are no more.” The Holy One blessed be He said to ...

WisdomSinTragedy

“We bring our bread at the peril of our lives due to the

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:9

“We bring our bread at the peril of our lives due to the sword of the wilderness” (Lamentations 5:9).“We bring our bread at the peril of our lives.” Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said:...

ProphecyKingsDanielTribes

“Princes were hanged by their hand; the elders were not

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:12

“Princes were hanged by their hand; the elders were not shown deference” (Lamentations 5:12).“Princes were hanged by their hand.” There was a government steward who entered the cit...

WisdomTragedyRoyaltyMourning

“The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:14

“The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from their music” (Lamentations 5:14).“The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from their music.” They ceased playi...

WisdomMusic & SongTragedy

“For this our heart suffers; for these our eyes are dim”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:17

“For this our heart suffers; for these our eyes are dim” (Lamentations 5:17).“For this our heart suffers.” Rabbi Simlai said: The Holy One blessed be He gave great suffering to thi...

TorahTempleHoly Land

“You, Lord, are enthroned forever; Your throne is from

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:19

“You, Lord, are enthroned forever; Your throne is from generation to generation” (Lamentations 5:1)9).“You, Lord, are enthroned forever; Your throne is from generation to generatio...

TempleHoly LandKings

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu]

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:1

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu] Aḥashverosh; that [hu] Aḥashverosh who reigned from India to Kush, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (Esther 1:1).1What foll...

ExileProphecyWisdomTemple

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu] - Esther Rabbah 1 — 2

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:2

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu] Aḥashverosh who reigned from India to Kush, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (Esther 1:1). Hu [appears] five [times] for ev...

ExilePatriarchsMosesDivine justice