Parshat Vayeshev

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Joseph's dreams and his brothers' jealousy, Joseph sold into slavery, Judah and Tamar, and Joseph in Potiphar's house and prison. Genesis 37:1-40:23.

“It was on the third day, Esther donned royalty and stood

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 9:1

“It was on the third day, Esther donned royalty and stood in the inner court of the king’s palace, facing the king’s palace, while the king was sitting on his royal throne in the t...

WisdomKingsEstherWomen of the Bible

“The king said to her — What troubles you, Queen Esther, and

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 9:2

“The king said to her: What troubles you, Queen Esther, and what is your request… Esther said: If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come today to the banquet… The king sa...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

After he erected the gibbet, he went to Mordekhai and found

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 9:4

After he erected the gibbet, he went to Mordekhai and found that he was sitting in the study hall with the children sitting before him, with sackcloth on their waists, engaging in ...

TorahMosesDivine justiceCovenant

“Haman entered, and the king asked him — ‘What is to be done

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:3

“Haman entered, and the king asked him: ‘What is to be done to the man whom the king wishes to honor?’ Haman said in his heart: Whom would the king delight to honor besides myself?...

Divine justiceCharityEstherKings

“Haman told his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:8

“Haman told his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything that had befallen him. His advisers and his wife Zeresh said to him: If Mordekhai, before whom you have begun to fall, is...

WisdomEstherWomen of the BibleAdam & Eve

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:11

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of King Aḥashverosh, to lay hand on those who sought their harm. And no one stood against them for the fear of them had fall...

ProphecyHoly LandAnimalsEsther

Rabbi Ḥiya Raba and Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta were walking

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:14

Rabbi Ḥiya Raba and Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta were walking in the valley of Arbel and they saw the breaking of the dawn’s light. Rabbi Ḥiya Raba said to Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta: So...

RedemptionHoly LandKingsEsther

How Saul's Mercy Toward Agag Created Haman

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 7

King Saul was told to destroy Amalek completely. He did not. Centuries later, according to Esther Rabbah, the Jewish people paid for that moment of misplaced mercy with a genocidal...

KingsEstherLoveWar

How God Prophesied the Fall of Babylon and Persia

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 12

The exile of the Jewish people under Ahasuerus was not an accident. According to Esther Rabbah, it was prophesied in detail centuries before it happened, embedded in verses from Is...

ExilePatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

God Created Everything With Its Knowledge

Philo Philo

Jewish tradition offers some truly fascinating perspectives on creation, and one that particularly intrigues me is the idea that God didn't just make things. He consulted with them...

CreationHeavenTorahMoses

Why the Author of Wars of God Warned Readers Away

Other Texts The Wars of God 1:12

Sometimes, the deepest truths are hidden in plain sight, masked by complexity or sheer volume of information. This is something the author of The Wars of God seems to anticipate. R...

PatriarchsHoly LandWarJacob

Eve and the Lawgiver

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:12

Sometimes, that happens with our understanding of the Divine, too. There's a fascinating debate, captured in letters from Jewish scholars of generations past, about how we relate t...

MosesProphecyPrayerExile

When Does Serving Another Cross Into Idolatry

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:17

But what if you perform those actions for someone else? Does that automatically make you an idolater? The Talmud, in Sanhedrin (the supreme rabbinic court), tackles this very quest...

Adam & EvePatriarchsEstherTemple

Maimonides Distinguishes Reverence From Idol Worship

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:23

Sometimes, understanding a practice means understanding its context. The medieval philosopher Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah, specifically in "Laws of Idolatry," grappled with th...

PrayerMiraclesWorshipIdolatry

A Prayer for Guidance on the True Path

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:34

How do we know what's real, especially when it comes to something as immense as the Divine? How do we stay on the path, the derech, when so many voices clamor for our attention? Th...

CreationHeavenMosesTorah

Can Elijah Really Appear to Someone After Death

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:1

It’s a question that’s been wrestled with for centuries in Jewish tradition. What if someone says Elijah himself appeared to them? According to some, that person might be peddling ...

ElijahTorahProphecy

Seven Interrogations Required to Examine Witnesses

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:7

It goes deep, friends. Really deep. We're talking about a system where, as the esteemed Kabbalist, the master of the Chamber of Blessing, of blessed memory, tells us, the court has...

Hell/GehennaTorahTempleMysticism

A Fiery Debate Over Questions of Faith and Reason

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:10

We've all been there. And sometimes, the debate gets heated! Imagine a conversation, or rather, a spirited disagreement, where someone feels like their carefully considered questio...

HeavenMosesPrayerRepentance

Moshe Rabbeinu and the Lawgiver

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:11

Isn't it astonishing how different interpretations can arise, even when dealing with texts we hold sacred? We're left scratching our heads, honestly, reading your words. Are you su...

MosesMysticismPrayerHoly Land

Accused of Heresy for Balancing Tradition and Reason

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:12

Isn't it frustrating when someone twists your words, puts ideas in your mouth, and generally acts in bad faith? That's the vibe I get from this next section of "The Wars of God." S...

PatriarchsMosesTorahTemple

Rabbi Shimon Reveals Who Says I Am He and No Other

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:4

The Zohar, that foundational text of Kabbalah, opens up some fascinating perspectives on this. In section 4, verse 22, Rabbi Shimon dives into the meaning of the verse, "See now th...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveMysticism

Maimonides on Whether God Consulted Before Creating

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:9

The great medieval philosopher Maimonides, in his "Guide for the Perplexed," grapples with this very question in Chapter 6. He presents two fascinating possibilities. The first sug...

WisdomHoly LandHumorWit

Father — Moses at the Dawn of Creation

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:10

Our sages, zichronam livracha, may their memory be a blessing, were extremely careful to distance themselves from any notion that the Almighty needed His creations or relied on the...

CreationMosesTorahMysticism

The Zohar's Layered Vision of God's Cosmic Kingship

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:11

The Zohar, that mystical cornerstone of Kabbalah, gives us a glimpse into their inner world. In Parashat Bereshit, 34a, it speaks of God’s reign in layered terms: "The Lord is King...

TempleMysticismPrayerDivine Names

Rabbi Shimon's Offering

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:12

How did they know which aspect of God they were connecting with? It's a profound question that touches on the very heart of our faith. to a fascinating passage from the tractate Me...

TorahMysticismPrayerWisdom

Do Our Prayers Reach the Infinite or Something Closer

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:13

It’s a question that’s plagued theologians and spiritual seekers for centuries. Are we addressing the Infinite, the unknowable source of all creation? Or is there… something more? ...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveMoses

The Scholar Who Stopped Interpreting the Word Et

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:15

The text challenges a particular assumption: that every detail of Jewish law, every halacha (Jewish religious law), was directly given to Moses at Sinai. To illustrate this, it del...

HeavenMosesTorahDivine Names

Rabbi Akiva Entered Paradise and Emerged Whole

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:16

Isn't it amazing how sometimes the most profound questions come from wrestling with what seems like a tiny detail? Like, really, really tiny. Let's consider something truly mind-bo...

HeavenMysticismDivine Names

Wisdom of Zer Anpin

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:17

The book "HaB'rit," in a chapter written by the author of "Ma'amar Kuf" in "Yashar Levav," touches on this very idea: that the very name of God is ever-present on our lips. When we...

PatriarchsTorahProphecyMysticism

Infinite One and the Lawgiver

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:19

It’s a question that has occupied countless scholars, mystics, and everyday spiritual seekers for centuries. And the answer, as we find when delving into the intricate world of Kab...

MosesTorahMysticismPrayer

Rabbi Elazar and Creation of Merkavah

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:25

And it's a desire that sometimes leads to conflict, as we see when examining certain debates within Kabbalah, the Jewish mystical tradition. In this particular instance, we're divi...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveEsther

When Kabbalists and Philosophers Clashed Over God's Unity

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:29

It’s a recurring theme in Jewish thought, this tension between reason and revelation. The Kabbalists, those mystics who plumb the depths of Jewish esotericism, they didn’t hold bac...

CreationHeavenTorahPrayer

The Fountain That Watered the Entire Face of the Earth

Philo The Midrash of Philo 6:1

And in the Midrash of Philo, we find a truly intriguing answer. (Genesis 2:6) poses a bit of a puzzle, doesn't it? "A fountain went up from the earth, and watered all the face of t...

CreationMusic & SongDivine justiceSin

Why Every Tree in Eden Was Both Beautiful and Delicious

Philo The Midrash of Philo 9:1

But the rabbis of old, they didn't miss a trick. They saw layers of meaning in every word, every phrase. And this one, from (Genesis 2:9), really got them thinking: Why does Moses ...

CreationHeavenMoses

Philo's Allegorical Reading of Eden's Four Rivers

Philo The Midrash of Philo 10:1

Where’s the headwaters for such majesty? (Genesis 2:10) tells us, "And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads." But...

CreationHeavenSymbolismParadise

Where Was Paradise if No Garden Grows in Armenia

Philo The Midrash of Philo 10:2

And one intriguing perspective comes to us from the writings attributed to Philo of Alexandria, a Jewish philosopher who lived in Egypt during the time of the Second Temple. In "Th...

CreationHeavenMiraclesWisdom

Why Genesis Names the Lands the Four Rivers Cross

Philo The Midrash of Philo 11:1

Specifically, I’m thinking of (Genesis 2:14). It's not just that the Euphrates river is mentioned. Oh no, we also get that the Pishon "goes round all the land of Evilat," the Gihon...

CreationDivine justiceParadiseHumor

Philo on Whether the Righteous Truly Die

Philo The Midrash of Philo 17:2

Philo of Alexandria, that brilliant Jewish philosopher who lived in the first century CE, had some pretty compelling ideas about this. And they're not just philosophical musings; t...

CreationDeathRighteousnessSin

God Desires Those Willing to Help One Another

Philo The Midrash of Philo 18:7

It’s something that’s been pondered for centuries, and even makes an appearance in ancient Jewish texts. The Midrash of Philo, a collection of interpretations and elaborations on t...

CreationAdam & EveDivine justiceKings

Why God Let Adam Name Every Living Creature

Philo The Midrash of Philo 19:13

After all, this is God we're talking about! Surely, the Almighty doesn't need Adam's help with a little taxonomy. (Genesis 2:19) tells us "He brought the animals to Adam, that he m...

CreationAdam & EveMosesWisdom

What It Meant for Adam to Name Every Creature

Philo The Midrash of Philo 19:18

What does it mean to name something? The book of Genesis gives us a glimpse into this very idea. In (Genesis 2:19), it says, "And whatever Adam called each living thing, that was t...

CreationAdam & EveTorahSoul

The Deeper Symbolism of Eve Formed From Adam's Rib

Philo The Midrash of Philo 21:7

God takes a rib from Adam and fashions it into Eve. Simple enough story. But what if there's so much more hidden beneath the surface? The Torah tells us in (Genesis 2:21-22) about ...

CreationSoulAdam & EveSymbolism

Why God Built Eve Instead of Forming Her

Philo The Midrash of Philo 22:1

That’s the question posed in the ancient text known as The Midrash of Philo, specifically in fragment 22. A seemingly simple question, but one that unlocks a whole world of underst...

CreationMosesWomen of the BibleHeresy

Why Woman Was Created After Man

Philo The Midrash of Philo 22:5

Why wasn't she just... there? Well, according to a fascinating interpretation found in the Midrash of Philo 22, it's not just a random detail. It speaks to something much deeper ab...

TorahWomen of the BibleHumorAdam & Eve

Why a Man Shall Leave His Father and Cleave to His Wife

Philo The Midrash of Philo 24:1

What’s the deeper, almost mystical, undercurrent?We're going to look at a teaching that grapples with the verse from Genesis (2:24): “Therefore shall a man leave his father and his...

CreationWomen of the BibleDivine justiceAdam & Eve

Philo of Alexandria Interprets Scripture Allegorically

Philo The Midrash of Philo 24:2

Our starting point here is a fascinating text referred to as "The Midrash of Philo." Now, when we say "Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)," we're talking about a particular...

WisdomAdam & EveWomen of the BibleHumor

Why Adam and Eve Were Not Ashamed of Their Nakedness

Philo The Midrash of Philo 25:2

It wasn't just about the lush vegetation or the talking animals, although I’m sure those were According to this Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), Adam and Eve weren't ash...

Adam & EveHumorDivine justiceWisdom

Moses and Creation and the Serpent

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:1

It’s a question that’s nagged at theologians and storytellers for centuries. Why does Moses, in the book of Genesis, specifically call out the serpent as being the craftiest of the...

CreationAdam & EveMoses