Parshat Vayigash

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Judah's plea for Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, and Jacob's family descends to Egypt. Genesis 44:18-47:27.

Joseph's Brothers Compared to a King's Beloved

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 9:5

Let’s turn to Shir HaShirim Rabbah, the classic rabbinic commentary on the Song of Songs (also known as Song of Solomon). The rabbis, in their infinite wisdom, find layers of meani...

JosephMosesEgypt

Moses and Joseph of Aaron

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 10:1

It's not just a love poem; it’s a treasure trove of wisdom, and the Rabbis of old found layers of meaning within its verses. Take the verse, “Your cheeks are lovely with ornaments,...

JosephMosesKing DavidSolomon

Jacob's Journey of Temple

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 17:1

Specifically, (Song of Songs 1:17): "The beams of our houses are cedars, and our panels are cypresses." Seems simple enough. But like so much in Jewish tradition, there's a deeper ...

PatriarchsSolomonTempleDreams & Visions

Moses and Joseph of Songs

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 3:1

It pops up in unexpected places, carrying layers of meaning far beyond just a tasty fruit. Take the Shir HaShirim Rabbah, the rabbinic commentary on the Song of Songs. It uses the ...

JosephMosesSolomonTorah

Winter as Slavery and Spring as the Exodus from Egypt

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 11:1

They saw echoes of that very struggle in the beautiful, often enigmatic, Song of Songs – Shir HaShirim in Hebrew. Specifically, they found a powerful metaphor in the verse, "For, b...

CreationJosephMosesSolomon

Israel Trapped Like a Dove Between Pharaoh and the Sea

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 14:2

The ancient rabbis certainly understood that feeling, and they used powerful stories to explore it. The Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Song o...

Adam & EveJosephMosesPrayer

Who Dominated Whom When Jacob Wrestled All Night

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 6:3

It's one of those biblical scenes that's both epic and deeply mysterious. Who was this "man" Jacob wrestled with all night? And what does this strange encounter really mean? Our jo...

CreationHeavenAngelsPatriarchs

Tabernacle in Joseph's Time

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 9:1

It’s a story of intimacy, growth, and the need for appropriate boundaries. to a fascinating interpretation of a verse from the Song of Songs, Shir HaShirim, that sheds light on thi...

JosephMosesSolomonTorah

Jacob and Creation of Jordan

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 4:3

Sometimes, the answer lies not in the present, but in the deep echoes of the past, in the merit of our ancestors. to a fascinating exploration of this idea, as seen through the len...

CreationPatriarchsMosesKing David

Moses and Joseph of Breasts

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 5:1

Ever read the Song of Songs and thought, "Wait, is this... about breasts?" Well, you’re not wrong! But in the world of Jewish interpretation, things are rarely just what they seem....

JosephMosesSolomonTorah

Nebuchadnezzar in Joseph's Time

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 3:1

The ancient rabbis grappled with this feeling, turning to the beautiful, enigmatic verses of the Song of Songs (Shir HaShirim) for answers. to one such interpretation from Shir HaS...

JosephSolomonDanielTorah

Joseph and His Brothers of Jerusalem

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 4:1

Well, let's turn to Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a classic midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic commentary, for some help. The Rabbis weren't content to just admire the pretty wor...

JosephSolomonProphecyMiracles

Shir — Joseph at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 12:1

Like one day you're just going about your business, and the next you're... somewhere else entirely? The ancient rabbis grappled with this feeling, this almost bewildered sense of e...

CreationJosephKing DavidSolomon

Shem and Divine Judgment

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 5:3

to a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah, a Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), or interpretive commentary, on the Book of Leviticus, that touches upon this very issue....

Hell/GehennaCreaturesPatriarchsJoseph

Moses — Joseph and His Brothers

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 11:8

In the beautiful tapestry of Jewish tradition, the role of elders is absolutely fundamental. It’s a theme that echoes throughout our sacred texts. Vayikra Rabbah, specifically Vayi...

JosephMosesSolomonTorah

Job in Joseph's Time

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 17:4

In Vayikra Rabbah 17, a fascinating midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) – that's a story that unpacks the deeper meaning of a biblical text – explores this very idea. Specif...

JosephKing DavidDanielJob

Moses — Aaron in Joseph's Time

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 21:7

That feeling, that ache of separation, is what this week’s portion of Vayikra Rabbah (Leviticus Rabbah) touches upon. It centers around a seemingly simple phrase in (Leviticus 16:2...

JosephMosesKing DavidDaniel

Egypt and Canaan as Warnings Against Forbidden Ways

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:9

In Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Book of Leviticus, we find a powerful exploration of this idea. It all starts with a seemingly simple verse: "You shall...

CreationNoah & FloodJosephMoses

Joseph Yael and Palti Who Fled From Temptation and Won

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:10

It turns out the Talmud and Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) are full of stories about them. And, interestingly, God seems to have taken special notice of their actions. ...

JosephKing DavidRepentanceHoly Land

Joseph David and Boaz Swore Oaths to Defeat Desire

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:11

And, wouldn't you know it, the Rabbis of old had some pretty interesting ideas! In Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic homilies on the Book of Leviticus, we find a fascinating...

CreationJosephKing DavidSolomon

Jacob's Ladder and the Empires That Rise and Fall on It

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:2

The ancient rabbis pondered such a moment, centered on our patriarch, Jacob, and a vision of a ladder reaching to the heavens. The scene is set in Genesis, where Jacob dreams of a ...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsKing David

Jacob and the Commandments He Kept Before Sinai

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:2

The Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic collection on the Book of Leviticus, explores this very idea. It opens with the verse "If you follow ...

CreationPatriarchsKing DavidSolomon

God Remembers the Covenant With Jacob Isaac and Abraham

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:1

This question, believe it or not, has occupied Jewish thinkers for centuries. And it all stems from a seemingly simple verse in Leviticus (26:42): “I will remember My covenant with...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsMoses

Jacob Created the Foundations That Sustain All of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:4

The ancient rabbis grappled with these very questions, and their answers, preserved in texts like Vayikra Rabbah, are both surprising and deeply inspiring. to one fascinating passa...

CreationCreaturesNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Abraham — Jacob at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:5

Birth order, historical sequence. But what if there’s more to it than that? Vayikra Rabbah 36, a fascinating passage in the rabbinic commentary on Leviticus, flips that script on u...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsMatriarchs

Jacob's Vow at Bethel and the Promise of Return

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 37:1

Or perhaps put off fulfilling a commitment, thinking, "I'll get to it eventually?" Well, the ancient rabbis certainly had some thoughts on that. to a fascinating discussion from Va...

CreationAdam & EvePatriarchsMatriarchs

“He burned in Jacob like flaming fire, consuming all around

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:7

“He burned in Jacob like flaming fire, consuming all around.” Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: When calamity comes, it is only Jacob who senses it. What is the source? “He burned in J...

PatriarchsCharityHoly Land

Rabbi Yitzḥak began — “But you did not call Me, Jacob, for

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:4

Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “But you did not call Me, Jacob, for you wearied of Me, Israel” (Isaiah 43:22). Rabbi Yoḥanan understood it [the verse in (Isaiah 43:22)] from this, as it is w...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyTemple

Abraham Isaac and Jacob of Hagar

Philo The Midrash of Philo 15:1

And they gave us a whole treasure trove of interpretations, embellishments, and downright fascinating tales to flesh things out. The verse in question? (Genesis 16:15): "Hagar brou...

CreationPatriarchsWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 1

I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed until now. and I have oxen, and asses and flocks, and manservants and maid-servants (Gen. 32:5–6). He was telling Esau: “Though I have lived...

PatriarchsJacobTribesWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 4

42:1). May it please our master to teach us the number of days during which a mourner is forbidden to work. Thus did our master teach us: A mourner is forbidden to work during the ...

TorahPatriarchsJacobAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6

And it came to pass after these things (Gen. 48:1). What is written previously on this subject? And the time drew near that Israel must die, and he called his son Joseph (Gen. 47:2...

DeathTribesPatriarchsJacob

Reuben's Deathbed Warning Against the Seven Spirits of Deceit

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Testament of Reuben

Reuben, firstborn son of Jacob and Leah, lay dying in the hundred and twenty-fifth year of his life. Two years had passed since Joseph fell asleep forever. Now Reuben's own sons ga...

Twelve patriarchsReubenEthicsSin

Why David Fought Goliath to Honor an Ancient Oath

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 4:16

The little shepherd boy who takes down the giant. But did you ever stop to think about why David was so determined to face him? It wasn't just bravery, or youthful exuberance. Acco...

CreaturesMosesKing DavidTorah

Moses at the Burning Bush on Mount Sinai

Josephus Antiquities II.14

Ten times Pharaoh promised to free the Hebrews. Ten times he broke his word. Each broken promise brought something worse than the last, and according to Josephus, the plagues that ...

MosesSinaiMiraclesProphecy

God Sends a Plague After David Counts Israel

Josephus Antiquities VII.14

David made one mistake that cost seventy thousand lives. He counted his people. The Torah had been explicit: if you number Israel, every person counted must pay a half-shekel to Go...

King DavidDivine punishmentAngels

And whence is it derived that they did not change their language

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 5:7

The Mekhilta identifies one of the hidden miracles of the Egyptian exile: the Israelites never abandoned the Hebrew language. Despite living for centuries among Egyptian speakers, ...

WisdomCreationEgyptExodus

(Exodus 14 — 6) "And he harnessed his chariot" — He himself

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:25

The Torah says simply that Pharaoh "harnessed his chariot" (Exodus 14:6). The Mekhilta reads those four words as a revelation of just how consumed Pharaoh was by his obsession to r...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptKings

It is not written (Exodus 15 — 7) "He has consumed them as

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 6:12

The Mekhilta continues its grammatical investigation of the Song at the Sea and finds yet another future-tense verb. (Exodus 15:7) does not say "He has consumed them as stubble" — ...

WisdomEgyptExodusPassover

and you will know that the L–rd took you out of the land of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 3:8

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael draws a sweeping conclusion from the verse "and you will know that the L-rd took you out of the land of Egypt" (Exodus 16:6). The teaching here is not...

MosesMiraclesHoly Land

The Menorah's Seven Lamps Matched Seven Ruling Stars

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 39

The completion of all the Tabernacle's furnishings and garments in (Exodus 39:1-43) should feel repetitive. The craftsmen were building exactly what God commanded. But the Targum J...

MosesTribesPriesthoodSefirot

The Prince of Edom and the Vision of the Night

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 57

"The eternal God is thy dwelling-place, and underneath are the everlasting arms" (Deuteronomy 33:27). Jacob came to Egypt to find his son alive — the son he had grieved for twenty-...

Divine punishmentLight

The Assembly of Israel Cried Out in Distress

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 66

After two full years in prison, Pharaoh dreamed (Genesis 41:1). The midrash reads this through Psalm 73: "As an endless dream, the Lord despised their form." God does not reveal Hi...

MosesSoulKing DavidDivine punishment

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 6

And God remembered Rachel (Gen. 30:22). May it please our master to teach us the blessing that is recited upon observing a handsome person? Thus do our masters teach us: Upon obser...

MatriarchsPrayerTribesDan

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 3

And he called his son Joseph (Gen. 47:29). Why did he not summon Reuben or Judah? After all, Reuben was the firstborn, while Judah was a king. He ignored them and called Joseph ins...

DeathJudgmentHoly LandEgypt

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Another comment upon the verse And the Lord said to Aaron: “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses” (Exod. 4:27). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: O that thou wer...

MosesWomen of the BiblePriesthoodHatred

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 9

When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel according to their number (Exod. 30:12).14Pesikta de Rav Kahana, Shekalim, p. 156. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Ta...

MosesHoly LandTribesTime

How the Tzaddik Sweetens Harsh Decrees for Everyone

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 19

Why travel to see a tzaddik (a righteous person) in person when you can read their teachings in a book? Rabbi Nachman of Breslov answered this question directly: there is an immeas...

PrayerTzaddikFaithSouls