Parshat Vayigash

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Judah's plea for Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, and Jacob's family descends to Egypt. Genesis 44:18-47:27.

Ezekiel's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:3

A song, a smell, a place... and suddenly you're right back there, feeling the weight of it all over again. Jewish tradition is keenly aware of this power of association, and how ea...

HeavenJosephMosesTorah

Abraham and Creation of Kippur

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:9

It's not just about the animals themselves; it's about the patriarchs, about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the profound legacy they left behind. Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of ra...

CreationPatriarchsTempleRepentance

Esau and Creation of Temple

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:16

And it all hinges on a seemingly simple phrase. It comes from Vayikra Rabbah 30, a fascinating section of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary). Midrash, by the way, is a ...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsTemple

Why Olive Oil Alone Is Holy and Every Other Oil Falls Short

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:10

It's not just about taste or culinary use; there's a deeper story, a narrative woven through our texts that elevates olive oil above all other oils. Rabbi Ḥiyya, in Vayikra Rabbah ...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveNoah & Flood

Offering Your Soul to the Hungry Not Just a Few Coins

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:13

Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Leviticus, delves into this very question, challenging us to examine our motivations and the imp...

HeavenPatriarchsMosesSolomon

How Long Does the Merit of the Patriarchs Actually Endure

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:6

It’s a question the rabbis grappled with, and in Vayikra Rabbah 36, we find some fascinating—and differing—answers. The text explores just how long the merit, the z’chus, of the pa...

CreationNoah & FloodPatriarchsElijah

“Zion spread her hands, there was no comforter for her; the

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:52

“Zion spread her hands, there was no comforter for her; the Lord has commanded for Jacob that her adversaries surround her. Jerusalem has become like a pariah among them” (Lamentat...

CreationRedemptionPatriarchsProphecy

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:3

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi Ḥanina bar Yitzḥak said: The Holy One blessed be He does not remember that blood [hadam] that was between the legs of the...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

“The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, are silent

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:14

“The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, are silent. They have placed dust on their heads, have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem have lowere...

TorahExilePatriarchsProphecy

“I called Your name, Lord, from the depths of the pit”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:19

“I called Your name, Lord, from the depths of the pit” (Lamentations 3:55).“I called Your name, Lord, from the depths of the pit” – this is Joseph, this is Jeremiah, this is Daniel...

ProphecyPrayerTragedyMourning

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:4

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya, who went to the great city of Rome. They said to him: ‘There is a certain child in prison in disgrace.’10The Romans were...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

It is written — “And set it in the ears of Joshua” (Exodus

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:6

It is written: “And set it in the ears of Joshua” (Exodus 17:14), this is one of four righteous people to whom a portent was given; two sensed it and two did not sense it. A porten...

PatriarchsMosesDivine justiceCovenant

Another matter — “After these matters, King Aḥashverosh

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:4

Another matter: “After these matters, King Aḥashverosh promoted Haman” – there were calculations there. Who calculated? Rabbi Yehuda said: Haman calculated. He said: If Esther is a...

PatriarchsEstherKingsJacob

The Enthronement Of Moses

Philo Life of Moses 1:155-158

It sounds radical, I know. According to some accounts, God bestowed immense honor upon Moses, gifting him dominion over the entire earth, the seas, the rivers – all the elements th...

HeavenMessiahTorahPatriarchs

Why the Author of Wars of God Warned Readers Away

Other Texts The Wars of God 1:12

Sometimes, the deepest truths are hidden in plain sight, masked by complexity or sheer volume of information. This is something the author of The Wars of God seems to anticipate. R...

PatriarchsHoly LandWarJacob

Divine Presence of Shekhinah

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:14

Jewish tradition speaks of such moments as revelations of the Shekhinah (שכינה), the Divine Presence. But what exactly does that mean? And what does it look like? Sometimes, it see...

HeavenAngelsPatriarchsMoses

Accused of Heresy for Balancing Tradition and Reason

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:12

Isn't it frustrating when someone twists your words, puts ideas in your mouth, and generally acts in bad faith? That's the vibe I get from this next section of "The Wars of God." S...

PatriarchsMosesTorahTemple

The Great Horror of Darkness That Fell Upon Abraham

Philo The Midrash of Philo 12:1

Our ancestor Abraham felt it too. The Torah tells us, in (Genesis 15:12): "About the time of the setting of the sun a trance fell upon Abraham; and lo, a great horror of darkness c...

CreationPatriarchsNoah & FloodAbraham

Philo on Abraham's Vision of Four Hundred Years

Philo The Midrash of Philo 13:2

The ancient sages certainly did. And they found profound meaning in that feeling. to a fascinating interpretation of a well-known biblical passage, explored in the Midrash of Philo...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsJob

Philo's Midrash on Sarah and the Layers Beneath Scripture

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:1

Not quite. The beauty of Jewish tradition lies in its layers. We don't just read the text; we wrestle with it. We ask questions. We search for deeper meaning. And that's where midr...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchs

Why Sarah Is Always Identified as the Wife of Abraham

Philo The Midrash of Philo 3:1

They're not just labels, you know. In Jewish tradition, a name can be a destiny, a reflection of character, a clue to understanding the deeper story. Take Sarah, for example. Why i...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsWomen of the Bible

Sarah and Creation of Hagar

Philo The Midrash of Philo 6:8

We often think of affliction as purely negative, something to be avoided at all costs. But what if I told you that, according to some ancient wisdom, affliction can actually be… be...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsJob

The Creation Of The Temple

Midrash Tanchuma Tanchuma, Vayakhel 7

According to Jewish tradition, the very concept of the Temple in Jerusalem, that sacred place, was envisioned at the dawn of creation itself. As Howard Schwartz recounts in Tree of...

CreationAngelsPatriarchsAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 4

And I will bless thee and make thy name great, and be thou a blessing (Gen. 12:2). And I will bless thee implies: I Myself will bless thee. I will make thy name great indicates tha...

PrayerMiraclesBlessingPatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 5

And there was a famine in the land (Gen. 12:10) What is stated in Scripture prior to this verse? It is written: And the Lord said to Abraham: “Get thee.” Blessed be the name of the...

PatriarchsEgyptHumorAbraham

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 20

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 20

And God did prove Abraham (Gen. 22:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The Lord trieth the righteous (Ps. 11:5). R. Jonah maintained: If you pound a good-qual...

PatriarchsAbrahamRighteousnessBible

Midrash Tanchuma, Chayei Sara 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Chayei Sara 5

And Abraham took another wife (Gen. 25:1). May our master teach us: How many times should one pray each day? R. Samuel the son of Nahman declared: Since there are three periods in ...

PatriarchsPrayerAbrahamWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 1

And these are the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son (Gen. 25:19). May it please our master to teach us why peace-offerings (sacrifices) were instituted?1There are three kinds of ...

PatriarchsSacrificeAbrahamGenealogy

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 4

These are the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son: Abraham begot Isaac (Gen. 25:9). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Children’s children are the crown of old m...

PatriarchsJacobAbrahamRedemption

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 5

These are the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son: Abraham begot Isaac (Gen. 25:19). It is written in Scripture: No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every tong...

JudgmentAdam & EveAbrahamPatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 10

And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). May it please our master to teach us the blessing one pronounces upon tasting oil. Thus do our masters teach us: One who tastes oi...

SacrificePatriarchsAtonementJacob

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 11

And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). What is written before this? Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of Isaac, his father (ibid., v. 30). This indicates t...

PatriarchsJacobSinAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 13

And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The fear of man bringeth a snare; but whoso putteth his trust in the Lord sh...

PatriarchsYetzer Hara (Evil Inclination)JacobBible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 2

He dreamed, and behold, a ladder set upon the earth; and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold, the angels of God ascending and descending on it (Gen. 28:12). R. Samuel the s...

Dreams & VisionsJacobAngelsPatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 3

And Jacob went out (Gen. 28:10). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: For He will give His angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways (Ps. 91:11). R. M...

AngelsPatriarchsJacobDemons

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 10

And the Lord said unto Jacob: “Return unto the land of thy fathers” (Gen. 31:3). May it please our master to teach us whether an Israelite may light a candle with another candle up...

PatriarchsHoly LandHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 11

Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred (Gen. 31:3). What is written above concerning this? Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the he-goats which leap upon the fl...

PatriarchsMatriarchsJacobTime

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 12

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 12

And God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream of the night (Gen. 31:24). This is one of the occasions on which the Holy One, blessed be He, contaminated the purity of His divine glo...

Dreams & VisionsPatriarchsJacobMatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 13

Take heed to thyself that thout speak not to Jacob either good or bad (Gen. 31:24). From this episode we learn that the merit acquired from labor may be helpful even when the influ...

PatriarchsJacobHumorSin

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 4

And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying … “He cometh to meet thee with four hundred men” (Gen. 32:7). Thereupon, Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed (ibid., v. 8). Why...

PatriarchsJacobHumorViolence

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 7

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 7

And Dinah, the daughter of Leah, went out to see (Gen. 34:1). Was she not also Jacob’s daughter? Indeed, but Scripture associates her name with that of her mother. Leah’s daughter ...

PatriarchsMatriarchsWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 8

But he refused, and said unto his master’s wife (Gen. 39:8). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord (Jer. 17:7). You fi...

JosephHumorWomen of the BibleSin

Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 5

42:1). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: Happy is He whose help is the God of Jacob (Ps. 146:5). Why does this verse say the God of Jacob and not “the God of A...

PatriarchsJacobAdam & EveAbraham

Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 9

And God Almighty give you mercy before the man (Gen. 43:14). May it please our master to teach us the number of times a man must pray each day. Thus did our masters teach us: A man...

PatriarchsPrayerAdam & EveKings

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 6

And he sent Judah before him (Gen. 46:28). May our master teach us: When is the blessing over the light offered at the expiration of the Sabbath? Thus do our masters teach us: The ...

PrayerAngelsTribesLight

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 1

And the time drew near that Israel must die (Gen. 47:29). It is stated in Scripture in reference to this verse: For we are strangers before Thee, and sojourners, as all our fathers...

TorahPatriarchsDeathHumor

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 7

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 7

And Jacob called unto his sons (Gen. 49:1). May it please our master to teach us whether the one who leads the congregation in prayer may respond “Amen” after the priests. Thus did...

PatriarchsTemplePrayer

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 8

And Jacob called unto his sons (Gen. 49:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: He removeth the speech of men of trust, and taketh away the sense of the elders (J...

PatriarchsJobBlessingJacob