Parshat Vayishlach

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Jacob wrestles with the angel, his reunion with Esau, the incident at Shechem, Rachel's death, and the genealogy of Esau. Genesis 32:4-36:43.

The Menorah's Seven Lamps Matched Seven Ruling Stars

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 39

The completion of all the Tabernacle's furnishings and garments in (Exodus 39:1-43) should feel repetitive. The craftsmen were building exactly what God commanded. But the Targum J...

MosesTribesPriesthoodSefirot

The Secret Banners of the Twelve Tribes

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Numbers 2

The Hebrew Bible says the Israelites camped by their tribal standards (Numbers 2:2). It never describes what was on them. The Targum Jonathan fills that silence with a riot of colo...

TorahTribesHumorAdam & Eve

Shedim and Se'irim — Demons of Jewish Tradition

Midrash Aggadah Jewish Encyclopedia, "Shedim" (1906)

Two words haunted ancient Israel: shedim (demons) and se'irim. The Israelites were forbidden from sacrificing to either. They sacrificed anyway. The se'irim were the hairy ones, sa...

DemonsCreaturesSolomonMagic & the Supernatural

Gadites — Joshua at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 23:14

In the ancient world, and even described in the Torah, there was a system in place to offer refuge. We're talking about the cities of refuge, places of sanctuary for those who unin...

CreationMosesDanielTemple

Five Lights of Creation and the Five Books of Torah

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 3:5

It's like the whole thing is one giant, intricate tapestry. Take the creation of light, for example. The very first "Let there be light!" in Genesis. Rabbi Simon, in Bereshit Rabba...

CreationJosephMosesTorah

Release — Mikhael at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 78:1

The Torah gives us a tiny peek in the story of Jacob wrestling with the angel. Remember that dramatic scene in (Genesis 32:27)? "He said: Release me, as dawn has broken. He said: I...

CreationKing DavidHoly Land

Unpacking God's Hidden Plan in the Joseph Story

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 92:3

But it's also so much more. It’s a roadmap, a history book, a mystical text. And it's all wrapped up together, often needing a little… unpacking. That's where commentaries like Ber...

JosephMosesKing DavidExile

Moses the Wise Man Who Ascended the City of the Mighty

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 1:5

The ancient rabbis certainly did. They wrestled with the complexities of Jewish law and tradition, seeking not just to follow the rules, but to truly understand them. And in the pr...

MosesSolomonTorahWisdom

How Hezekiah's Wisdom Defeated Sennacherib's Army

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 18:3

Sometimes, the answer isn’t just in swords and shields. Sometimes, it's in something far more powerful: wisdom. Our story comes from Kohelet Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interp...

Hell/GehennaTorahTempleProphecy

Maintaining Jewish Identity Among Competing Cultures

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:7

That feeling is surprisingly ancient. The Rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) knew it well, wrestling with how to maintain Jewish identity in a world of compet...

CreationJosephMosesProphecy

God Planted Vineyards and Built Houses for the Patriarchs

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:4

The ancient sages grappled with this too, particularly when thinking about the relationship between God, the patriarchs, and the land of Israel.Here, Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin, quo...

MosesSolomonHoly Land

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 8

And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel (Gen. 14:1). May it please our master to teach us whether a slave obtains his freedom if his owner assigns all his property to him as a ...

DeathJudgmentHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 6

And God remembered Rachel (Gen. 30:22). May it please our master to teach us the blessing that is recited upon observing a handsome person? Thus do our masters teach us: Upon obser...

MatriarchsPrayerTribesDan

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 14

Benjamin is a wolf that raveneth (Gen. 49:27). Scripture states elsewhere: For the Lord will do nothing, but He revealeth His counsel unto His servants the prophets (Amos 3:7). At ...

SacrificeTribesKingsAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27

Another comment upon the verse And the Lord said to Aaron: “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses” (Exod. 4:27). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: O that thou wer...

MosesWomen of the BiblePriesthoodHatred

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

And they said: “The God of the Hebrews hath met with us” (Exod. 5:3). Moses and Aaron declared: Perhaps You will say we altered Your words when we told him: “Thus said the Lord, th...

MosesEgyptHumorTribes

Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 11

This is the thing that thou shalt do unto them (Exod. 29:11). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The wise shall inherit honor; but as for the fools, they carry awa...

WisdomMosesSinaiTribes

Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 11

And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses (Exod. 39:32). It is written elsewhere in reference to the verse: He withdraweth not His eyes from the righteous; but with kings upon the...

MosesJobTempleAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 6

(Numb. 1:1:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses.” Fortunate are you, Moses!25Numb. R. 1:6; cf. Lev. R. 1:1. Six hundred thousand were present with the priests, the Levites, and the el...

MosesSinaiSinAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 16

(Numb. 25:1:) “While Israel was staying at Shittim, [the people began to go whoring].” Let our master instruct us: By virtue of how many things was Israel redeemed from Egypt?85Num...

EgyptHoly LandAdam & EveWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 3

(Numb. 25:16-17:) “Then the Lord spoke [unto Moses], saying, ‘Harass the Midianites […].’” Why?5Numb. R. 21:4. (Numb. 25:18:) “Because they are harassing you.” Hence the sages have...

MosesKingsHumorCommandments

Midrash Tanchuma, Masei 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Masei 13

(Numbers 35:11:) “You shall provide yourselves with places to serve you as cities of refuge.” And it is written (in (Numbers 35:13-1)4), “six cities of refuge shall there be for yo...

TorahTribesExilePriesthood

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 10

(Deut. 25:18, cont.:) And he cut off (rt.: znb) all who were lagging behind you. He smote them with a blow to the tail (rt.: znb).51The word can also denote the penis. See PR 7:3; ...

TorahWomen of the BibleTribesHumor

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tavo 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tavo 2

(Deut. 27:9:) “Then Moses and the Levitical priests spoke to all Israel, saying, ‘Pay attention and listen.’” What is the meaning of pay attention (hasket) and listen? Be silent (h...

MosesHoly LandTorahHumor

Through Prayer You Can Find the Spark in Anything

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 1

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov taught that the Torah is not just a text to study. It is a key that unlocks every prayer and opens every closed door. When a person engages deeply with Tor...

PrayerTzaddikFaithDivine sparks

The Warrior of God Who Fights With Song

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 11

A person trapped on a low spiritual level might assume that deep Torah understanding is beyond their reach. Rabbi Nachman of Breslov says the opposite is true: the pathway from the...

PrayerTzaddikFaithRepentance

How the Tzaddik Sweetens Harsh Decrees for Everyone

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 19

Why travel to see a tzaddik (a righteous person) in person when you can read their teachings in a book? Rabbi Nachman of Breslov answered this question directly: there is an immeas...

PrayerTzaddikFaithSouls

she'eirah" — This is her food, as in (Michah 3 — 3) "and who

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 3:23

The Torah lists three things a husband must provide for his wife: "she'eirah, kesuthah, and onathah" (Exodus 21:10). These three Hebrew terms are cryptic, and the Mekhilta preserve...

CharityKing DavidPsalmsTzedakah (Charity)

The Roman Who Challenged the Rabbis About God

Talmud Aggadah Sanhedrin 39b

The Roman emperor challenged Rabban Gamliel with a direct theological question: if your God is everywhere, why can He not be seen? According to Sanhedrin 39b, the conversation expo...

Divine justiceGodTheology

The Villagers of Judea and Their Sharp Tongues

Talmud Aggadah Eruvin 53a

The people of Judea were precise with their language. The people of Galilee were not. According to Eruvin 53a, this difference was not a minor cultural quirk—it had real consequenc...

WisdomHumorTorahWit

How God Created Adam and Eve in the Garden

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 79

A small city, few people, a great king who comes and builds fortifications — (Ecclesiastes 9:14) describes something small being threatened by something enormous. The rabbis identi...

ParadiseMessiahNoah & FloodJoseph

A Prayer to End the Arrogance of Tyrants

Apocrypha Ben Sira 35:14

It pulls no punches in its call for humility and divine justice. Ben Sira, a sage writing in Hebrew around 200 BCE, gives us these powerful words: "Make an end of the head of the p...

PatriarchsTempleProphecyHoly Land

The Priest Who Blessed Israel With God's Name

Apocrypha Ben Sira 45:19

The Book of Ben Sira, a treasure trove of wisdom literature, gives us a glimpse into this very idea, specifically through the lens of the priesthood. It speaks of one called to "mi...

TorahDivine NamesHoly LandSacrifice

Angels Assigned to Every Element of Nature

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 2:7

We tend to think of "nature" as this impersonal force, but Jewish tradition often sees things differently. It paints a picture of a vast, intricate cosmic bureaucracy, teeming with...

CreationWisdomSinai

Noah's Legacy

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 6:29

Think of it as a really old "director's cut" of the Bible. Specifically, we're looking at Jubilees 6. The passage is talking about a particular festival. What festival? Well, that’...

Noah & FloodPatriarchsTorahHoly Land

Abraham Arrives at the Oak of Shechem

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 13:5

For a home, for a future, for a connection to something bigger than himself. And then he arrives at Shechem. The Book of Jubilees, a fascinating text that expands on the stories we...

TempleSacrificeAbrahamDivine justice

Keturah and the Patriarchs

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 19:17

We all know Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Esau. But there's so much more to these stories! The Book of Jubilees, for those unfamiliar, is an ancient Jewish text t...

PatriarchsMatriarchsWomen of the Bible

Blessings to Jacob Echo Those Given to Noah and Adam

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 22:20

That feeling, that connection, is at the very heart of the Book of Jubilees, a text brimming with blessings, covenants, and the destiny of a people. Specifically, we're going to lo...

Adam & EveNoah & FloodTorahShabbat

Israel Forgets the Sabbaths and Jubilees

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 23:35

The Book of Jubilees, an ancient Jewish text, speaks to this feeling with a stark warning. It paints a picture of a future where people have drifted far from their spiritual and et...

Noah & FloodTorahRighteousnessWriting

The Power of a Blessing That Shapes Destiny

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 26:31

We throw them around pretty casually these days, don't we? "Bless you" after a sneeze. "Have a blessed day." But what if a blessing held real, tangible power? What if it could shap...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsPrayer

Bethel Among the Fathers

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 27:23

Sibling rivalry at its absolute worst. Well, the Book of Jubilees gives us a glimpse into the immediate aftermath, offering a comforting, if brief, look at Jacob's state of mind, a...

PatriarchsCovenantJacobWriting

Zebulon and the Patriarchs

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 28:33

We find ourselves in the thick of it, with Jacob still working for his wily father-in-law, Laban. Leah, already the mother of many, conceives again. And the Book of Jubilees, ever ...

PatriarchsMatriarchsJosephWomen of the Bible

Covenant of Rebecca

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 32:38

The ancient text of the Book of Jubilees, a fascinating work expanding on the narratives of Genesis, gives us a poignant example. We find ourselves in the midst of the story of Jac...

PatriarchsDeathWomen of the Bible

Jacob Mourns With His Whole House in Grief

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 34:21

The Book of Jubilees, a text considered canonical by some but excluded from the Hebrew Bible, gives us a glimpse into just such a time of profound loss for Jacob. It's a raw, emoti...

MatriarchsJosephHoly LandDeath

Marriage of Rebecca

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 35:11

Today, let's peek into the final days of Rebecca, wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau, as described in the Book of Jubilees. This fascinating text, considered apocryphal (me...

PatriarchsPrayerDeath

Isaac's Final Meal With His Sons Before Death

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 36:22

The scene opens with a sense of completion. Isaac, the son of Abraham and father of Jacob and Esau, has just finished giving his final instructions and blessings to his sons. Imagi...

PatriarchsPrayerDeath

Leah Among the Fathers

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 36:25

Let’s talk about Leah. We often hear about Rachel, Jacob's great love. But what about her sister, Leah? The Book of Jubilees, an ancient Jewish text that retells and expands upon t...

PatriarchsMatriarchsDeath

Simeon and Joseph of Canaan

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 42:11

In case you're not familiar, the Book of Jubilees is an ancient Jewish text that retells the stories of Genesis from a slightly different angle, adding details and interpretations ...

JosephHoly LandEgypt