The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924)

382 texts in Kabbalah & Mysticism

Chanina ben Dosa Carried a Stranger Home on His Shoulders

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 161

Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa once preached a sermon on the rabbinic teaching "Receive every man as a friend" — every stranger, every wayfarer, every unknown face at your door. He finishe...

AngelsEthicsRabbisCharity

The Open Purse That Once Hung at Rav Hisda's Doorpost

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 178

Rav Hisda was one of the leading sages of Babylonian Jewry in the third century, and in his prime he was also one of the wealthiest. One day, late in life, after his fortunes had c...

CharityPovertyRabbisHumility

The Potter of Tiberias Who Traded Water for Paradise

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 195

A potter in the city of Tiberias used to carry fresh water every day to the home of Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish — the great sage known as Reish Lakish, whose learning was matched only ...

AfterlifePrayerParablesRabbis

How Mar Ukba Learned to Double His Charity to a Former Aristocrat

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 229

Mar Ukba was a wealthy Babylonian Jew known for his discreet tzedakah. He used to leave coins under a neighbor's doorsill each night, never waiting to be seen. One day he learned t...

CharityDeathHumilityWisdom

The Ass, the Lion, and the Fox Who Stole the Heart

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 244

A rabbinic fable: an ass was appointed toll-gatherer on a narrow road, trusted by the king of the region to demand payment from every traveler. A lion and a fox came down the path ...

ParablesWisdomEthics

Why Hillel's Wife Served the Poor Before Her Own Husband

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 259

A man should not be hasty, and above all he should not be angry. The sages held up Hillel the Elder as the standard against which every temper was measured — and his wife's behavio...

HumilityCharityMarriageRabbis

The Launderer Who Taught Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Chiya

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 274

Rabbi Judah the Prince — redactor of the Mishnah around 200 CE — and his colleague Rabbi Chiya once found themselves stuck on a point of halakhah. They had forgotten a teaching, or...

HumilityTorahRabbisStudy

The Martyrdom of Chanina ben Teradyon Wrapped in Torah

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 289

Rabbi Chanina ben Teradyon was one of the Ten Martyrs executed during the Hadrianic persecutions in the second century CE. Rome had decreed that teaching Torah in public was a capi...

DeathTorahRabbisSoul

How Joab Captured the City That Had Swallowed His Blade

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 304 (Codex Gaster 185)

A later midrashic legend reimagines Joab, the great general of King David, on one of his hardest campaigns. He had been hurled by the Israelites into a city called Kinsari, a forti...

King DavidHoly LandMiracles

The Coin Elijah Gave and Took from Rabbi Abraham of Ashkelon

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 319 (Codex Gaster 185)

Rabbi Abraham of Ashkelon was known in his city for the regularity of his prayers. He never missed the appointed hours; his Shacharit, Minchah, and Maariv were as steady as the sun...

ElijahPrayerPatriarchsWisdom

The Son Who Spent His Inheritance on Three Sacred Causes

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 334 (Codex Gaster 185)

A dying father called his only son to the bedside and left him two pieces of advice: occupy yourself with Torah study, and give generously to tzedakah. The inheritance he handed on...

ElijahCharityStudyAfterlife

The Horse Possessed by a Sinner's Soul in the House of Rabbi Elazar

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 349 (Codex Gaster 66)

In the house of Rabbi Elazar a strange filly was born. Every attendant who came near it was killed. Rabbi Elazar, unable to tame or destroy the beast, presented it to the king. At ...

ElijahSoulAfterlifeMysticism

The Younger Brother Who Became King by Obeying His Father

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 366 (Codex Gaster 130)

Two brothers hated each other. Their father, growing old, asked each of them privately why. The elder said he did not know the reason — only that the hatred was so deep he would gl...

ParentingFamilyEthicsParables

Rabbi Meir, the Innkeeper's Wife, and the Test of the Lions

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 384 (Midrash of the Ten Commandments)

Rabbi Meir, on his yearly pilgrimage to Jerusalem, used to lodge with Judah the butcher, whose wife took loving care of him. One year Judah's wife died. Judah remarried, and when R...

RabbisRepentanceTempleMarriage

The Poor Boy Whose God Was Not Hanging on His Neck

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 400 (Ben Attar)

A young boy was traveling by ship when a terrible storm overtook them. The other passengers were wealthy merchants. Each one reached into his bag and took out a small idol — some c...

PrayerPovertyMiraclesParables

When Elijah Sold Himself as a Slave to Feed a Starving Family

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 415 (Nissim, Hibbur Yafeh)

A poor man, driven by his weeping wife and starving children, went to the marketplace in despair. He had nothing to sell and no trade to offer. He prayed to God for help, and the p...

ElijahPrayerMiraclesPoverty

The Ransomed Rabbi and Elijah Who Disguised Themselves as Boatmen

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 440

A great scholar who spent all his days teaching Torah had a son late in life. He cherished the boy and kept him inside the study house, afraid that the world would distract him. Hi...

ElijahCharityMarriageMiracles

The Four Hundred Casks That Soured Until Rav Huna Repented

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 177

Rav Huna, the third-century head of the Babylonian academy at Sura, owned a vineyard and hired laborers to work it. One harvest day he refused to share wine with the men who were w...

RepentanceRabbisDivine justiceEthics

Why a Ship Returning Without Sailors Proves God Runs the World

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 12 (1924)

A Roman emperor once challenged Rabban Gamliel with a question that sounds modern. If there is a God in the world, why does He not reveal Himself directly? Why not speak face to fa...

ParablesWisdomRabbisCreation

How the Tzitzit Saved Nathan From a Courtesan's Bed

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 35 (1924); cf. Menachot 44a

A Jewish man named Nathan traveled to an island and was on the brink of committing a serious sin with a famous courtesan. The room was prepared. The door was closed. He was about t...

TorahRepentanceCharityWomen of the Bible

Why a Scholar Insisted on Greeting Rabbis as Kings

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 52 (1924); cf. Gittin 62a

Two prominent rabbis, Rav Huna and Rav Chisda, once refused to return the greeting of a colleague named Gniba. Perhaps they considered him insufficiently respectful, or perhaps the...

StudyRabbisHumilityWisdom

The Starvation of Doeg ben Yosef in Besieged Jerusalem

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 69 (1924); cf. Yoma 38b

When the Roman siege tightened around Jerusalem in 70 CE, wealth stopped meaning anything. Doeg ben Yosef was a rich man, and in the final weeks of the siege he stood in the street...

DestructionTempleDeathExile

Elazar ben Shimon Lifted Donkeys Into the Loft

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 92 (1924); cf. Bava Metzia 84b

Elazar, son of Shimon bar Yochai, had inherited from his mystical father not only the secrets of Torah but a body of extraordinary strength. The Talmud says his belly was so large ...

RabbisHumilityMiracles

Rabbi Tarfon Took a Beating Rather Than Name Himself

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 109 (1924); cf. Nedarim 62a

Rabbi Tarfon was walking through his own vineyard one day when his farm supervisor — who did not recognize him — assumed he was a trespasser and gave him a beating. Tarfon said not...

HumilityRabbisEthics

Pinchas ben Yair Crossed a River That Parted Like the Sea

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 129 (1924); cf. Chullin 7a-b

Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair was one of the strictest ascetics in the Talmud. He never touched another person's bread. He would not allow his donkey to eat untithed fodder — the animal i...

MiraclesRighteousnessRabbis

How Beruriah Told Rabbi Meir About Their Dead Sons

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 146 (1924); Midrash Mishlei 31

Two of Rabbi Meir's sons died on Shabbat afternoon. They had been in the house while their father was at the synagogue leading the congregation. When Rabbi Meir came home, he asked...

DeathSabbathParentingWomen of the Bible

How Chanina ben Dosa Answered Three Times About His Daughter

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 162 (1924); cf. Ta'anit 24b-25a

Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa was a miracle-worker from the Galilee in the first century, known for a faith so exact that his prayers came true almost by default. He lived in poverty. He ...

MiraclesPrayerRighteousnessParenting

Four Hundred Lessons for a Student Who Would Not Give Up

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 179 (1924); Eruvin 54b

A student once came to Rabbi Preida and asked him to teach a particular passage of Mishnah. Rabbi Preida sat with him and went through it slowly. The student did not understand. Th...

StudyRabbisAfterlifeHumility

The Wife Who Carried Her Drunk Husband Home Across the Threshold

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 196 (1924); Shir HaShirim Rabbah 1:4

A woman had been married for ten years and could not conceive. Her husband, following the ruling that a childless marriage of ten years permits divorce, declared his intention to s...

MarriageWomen of the BibleWisdom

The Spell That Made a Nephew Ride a Donkey on Shabbat

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 213b (1924); Kohelet Rabbah 1:8

In the town of Capernaum on the Sea of Galilee, a dangerous group practiced sorcery. Among their victims was Chananya, the nephew of Rabbi Yehoshua. They cast a spell on him — the ...

SabbathDemonsMysticismRabbis

Rabbi Akiva Died in Prison While Reciting Shema

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 245 (1924); cf. Berakhot 61b

The Roman Emperor Hadrian outlawed the teaching of Torah after the failure of the Bar Kochba revolt in 135 CE. Rabbi Akiva refused to stop. He gathered students in public and taugh...

DeathElijahRabbisTorah

Hillel's Eighty Students and the Least Among Them

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 260 (1924); Sukkah 28a; Bava Batra 134a

Hillel the Elder — the Babylonian immigrant who rose to lead the Jewish people in the first century BCE — had eighty students by the end of his life. The Talmud in Sukkah 28a divid...

MosesRabbisTorahStudy

Hillel Trusted That the Screaming Was Not His House

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 290 (1924); Berakhot 60a

The story takes two breaths. Hillel the Elder was returning from a journey and walking the final miles toward his home in Jerusalem. As he approached the city, he heard loud noise ...

HumilityCommunityPrayerEthics

Children Who Buried Their Drunk Father in a Cemetery

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 305 (Codex Gaster 185, 1924)

A father drank too much. His children, embarrassed, tried an extreme intervention. They refused to give him wine. They cut off the household supply. And when he kept finding it any...

ParablesFamilyRepentanceEthics

The Synagogue Stop That Saved a Man From the Lime Kiln

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 320 (Codex Gaster 185, 1924)

The halachah is clear: a man must not leave the synagogue before the chazzan finishes the Amidah, and must not pass a synagogue without entering it to pray. Gaster's Exempla (No. 3...

PrayerDivine justiceMiracles

The Son Who Laughed Because a Raven Told the Future

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 335 (Codex Gaster 185, 1924)

A rich man had one son. When the son turned eighteen, he begged his father for permission to travel to a famous academy. The father let him go, and three times over three years the...

ParablesMarriageFamilyWisdom

The Rich Brother Who Imitated His Poor Neighbor's Passover

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 350 (Codex Gaster 66, 1924)

Two brothers lived side by side. One was rich and had a bad wife. The other was poor and had a good one. On the eve of Passover, the poor brother's wife urged him to open his home ...

HolidaysMarriageCharityEthics

The Traveler Who Almost Killed His Wife and His Son

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 367 (Codex Gaster 130, 1924)

A merchant left his young wife at the start of a long trading voyage. She was pregnant at his departure, though he did not know it. He was gone many years — so many that the infant...

MarriageFamilyEthicsHumility

The Scholar Who Carried All His Wealth in His Head

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 386 (Midrash Decalogue, 1924)

A scholar traveled on a boat with a group of merchants. They pressed him for information — What merchandise have you brought? Where is your cargo stored? He answered vaguely: my go...

WisdomStudyTorahPoverty

The Snake, the Robber, and the Wife in Solomon's Parable

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 401 (Parables of Solomon, 1924)

A young man rode from Tiberias to Betar and met a young woman who fell in love with him on sight. They married within days. A year later she asked him to bring her to visit her par...

SolomonMarriageWisdomDivine justice

The Father Who Left His Youngest Son Ten Friends

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 416 (R. Nissim, Chibbur Yafeh, 1924)

A rich man once swore an oath before his sons that when he died he would leave each of them one hundred dinars. He had ten sons, so the promise totaled one thousand dinars. Then hi...

FamilyCharityWisdomCommunity

Solomon Judged Between a Man and the Snake He Had Saved

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 441a (1924)

A man walked a hot road carrying a jug of milk. He heard a thin, desperate noise near the verge. A snake, dying of thirst. The man knelt, tilted the jug, and gave the snake enough ...

SolomonDivine justiceWisdomParables

Dama ben Netina Would Not Sit in His Father's Chair

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 187 (1924); Kiddushin 31a

The Talmud returns often to a gentile from Ashkelon named Dama ben Netina, whom the sages held up as the gold standard of the commandment to honor father and mother. They told his ...

ParentingFamilyEthicsHumility

Why Only the Wise Can Receive Wisdom

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 13

The Roman Emperor had a habit of baiting Rabbi Akiva with the sharpest question he could devise. "Why is it said," he asked once, "that God gives wisdom to the wise, and not to the...

RabbisWisdomParablesStudy

Rabbi Shela's Sentence and the Power of Kings

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 53

Rabbi Shela once punished a man who had sinned with a non-Jewish woman. The offender, smarting under the beating, reported the Rabbi to the king. Jewish courts were not supposed to...

RabbisDivine justiceTorahWisdom

Eleazar ben Shimon Astonishes His Host

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 93

Rabbi Eleazar ben Shimon was known for his great body and his greater appetite. Once he went to visit Rabbi Yosef ben Laqania. They sat together, and Rabbi Yosef set out a meal tha...

RabbisCommunity

Solomon and Ashmedai — How the Shamir Was Captured

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 114; Talmud, Gittin 68

King Solomon wanted to build the Temple from unhewn stone. The Torah forbade iron tools on the altar, and Solomon, meticulous as always, extended the prohibition to the whole sanct...

SolomonTempleDemonsMysticism

The Field That Two Rabbis Refused to Own

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 130

Rabbi Zeira bought a field one morning in the marketplace. A fair price. A closed deal. He walked home satisfied. Then he learned what he had not known when he made the purchase: R...

RabbisEthicsHumilityRighteousness