The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924)

382 texts in Kabbalah & Mysticism

Akiva's Wife, the Shepherd, and the Hollowed Stone

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 148; Talmud, Ketubot 62b

Rabbi Akiva began his life illiterate and ended it the greatest Torah teacher of his generation. The bridge between the two was a woman named Rachel. Rachel was the daughter of Kal...

RabbisMarriageStudyWomen of the Bible

Hanina ben Dosa's Shabbat Candle of Vinegar

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 163; Talmud, Taanit 25a

Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa lived in such poverty that his family often had nothing for Shabbat. One Friday, his wife stood in the empty kitchen, ashamed. The neighbors would notice the ...

SabbathMiraclesMarriageRabbis

The Samaritan Who Claimed Descent from Joseph

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 180

The Samaritans of late antiquity insisted they were descendants of Joseph through the northern tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. It was a matter of pride. Rabbi Meir disagreed. Meir ...

RabbisPatriarchsWisdom

When Akiva Visited a Sick Student

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 197; Talmud, Nedarim 40a

One of Rabbi Akiva's students fell gravely ill, and no one in the household thought to care for him. He lay in a corner, forgotten, while the illness ran its course. Akiva heard ab...

RabbisHealingCommunityEthics

Hadrian's Strange Mercy to a Failing Minister

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 214

A Roman official named Hadrakitilios wrote a troubled letter to the Emperor Hadrian. "Clearly the God of the Jews hates me," he wrote. "I do not circumcise myself as the Saracens d...

Divine justiceSabbathDestruction

The Students of Ishmael Count the Bones

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 231; Talmud, Bekhorot 45a

When a condemned woman died under Roman sentence, the students of Rabbi Ishmael made an unusual decision. They performed one of the earliest recorded forensic examinations in Jewis...

RabbisTorahWisdomStudy

Solomon After His Fall Finds Comfort Among the Poor

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 246

When King Solomon was stripped of his throne — cast out by Ashmedai, the king of the demons, and forced to wander his own kingdom as a beggar — he discovered that hospitality has t...

SolomonCharityPovertyHumility

Twelve Questions from Alexandria

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 261; Talmud, Niddah 69b

The Jewish community of Alexandria was enormous — perhaps the largest outside Judea in the first century CE — and its scholars were known for asking difficult questions. Once, they...

RabbisTorahWisdomStudy

Why Rabbi Zeira Would Not Stand for a Rich Man

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 276

In the study hall, who rises for whom is not a small matter. Standing signals reverence. The Rabbis watched very carefully whom they chose to honor in this way. Rabbi Zeira was onc...

RabbisStudyHumilityEthics

Always Be Afraid — A Teacher's Advice

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 291; Talmud, Berakhot 60a

A student was walking behind Rabbi Ishmael ben Yose. Another student was walking behind Rabbi Hamnana. Both students were following their teachers closely, learning by watching. Th...

RabbisHumilityWisdomEthics

The Three Chests of Scorpions

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 306

A charitable man kept three chests in his house. One filled with gold, one with silver, one with copper. From these he gave to every beggar who came to his door, matching the gift ...

CharityMarriageEthicsParables

The Spies Sheltered in a Pomegranate Shell

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 321

When Moses sent twelve spies into the land of Canaan, the legend of the Rabbis remembers that the land was inhabited by giants — not merely tall men but beings of such scale that a...

MosesHoly LandTorahMiracles

Solomon's Daughter and the Bastard in the Tower

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 336

King Solomon and King Hiram of Tyre once marched their armies to opposite banks of a river. Tension rose. Solomon, worried his soldiers would collapse in the sun, summoned birds to...

SolomonProphecyMarriageParables

The Goblet That Trapped Two Lovers

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 351a

King Solomon warned a skilled builder — the man who had constructed his palace — that the builder's wife was unfaithful. The builder refused to believe it. Solomon did not argue. H...

SolomonKing DavidMarriageMysticism

The Poor Brother Who Sailed With Etrogim

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 368

Two brothers lived in the same town — one rich, one poor. After the festival of Sukkot, the poor brother walked through the neighborhood gathering up the etrogim that families had ...

CharityHolidaysParablesRighteousness

The Blind Man and the Spell Sown in Seeds

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, Nos. 387-388

A merchant on the road was joined by an innkeeper who asked to travel with him. As they walked, they passed a blind man by the roadside. The merchant stopped, opened his purse, and...

CharityAngelsDemonsRabbis

Three Apprentices and the Wisdom Solomon Gave One

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 402

Three young men apprenticed themselves to King Solomon for three years. When the term ended they approached the king, disappointed. They had seen wonders at court but believed they...

SolomonWisdomParablesEthics

Rabbi Yudan, His Cow, and the Buried Treasure

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 417 (R. Nissim, Hibbur Yafeh)

Rabbi Yudan was famous in his city for two things. He was very rich. And he was so charitable that he had been known to run down the street after the collectors of alms, begging to...

CharityRabbisRighteousnessParables

Solomon Judges the Snake and the Frozen Kindness

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 441b

A man walking across a frozen field saw a snake lying stiff in the snow. Touched by pity, he picked up the creature, placed it inside his shirt against his chest, and continued on....

SolomonKing DavidWisdomTorah

Yochanan, the Frog of Lilith, and the Golden Hair

Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 316

A man named Yochanan once kept a pet frog. The frog, according to the Rabbis, was not a frog at all. It was a child of Lilith, the demon of night. The creature taught Yochanan. Fir...

DemonsMysticismMiraclesCharity

Why God's Name Is Missing From Half the Ten Commandments

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 14

The Emperor Hadrian once asked Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah a sharp question. “Why is the Name of God mentioned only in the first five of the Ten Commandments, and not in the la...

TorahRabbisEthics

Turnus Rufus Challenges Akiva on Why the Rich Should Give

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 37

The Roman governor Turnus Rufus and Rabbi Akiva argued often. Once they argued about tzedakah. “Akiva,” said Turnus Rufus, “if your God decreed that a certain man...

CharityRabbisPoverty

Why God Doesn't Destroy Every Idol in the World

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 54

A philosopher named Proklos, son of Filoslos, once pressed Rabban Gamliel with a hard question. “If the idols of the nations are false, why does your God not simply destroy t...

RabbisEthicsCreation

Bar Deroa, the Giant Who Forgot He Needed God

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 72

There was once a custom in a Jewish town that newlyweds were greeted with a hen and a rooster, symbols of fruitfulness. One day Roman soldiers marched through the town, saw the bir...

DestructionHumilityMarriage

How Elijah Made Rabbi Elazar Too Weak to Carry His Own Coat

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 94

Rabbi Elazar ben Shimon was a mountain of a man. Broad-shouldered, thick-armed, he used to earn a few coins carrying travelers across the river on his back. His strength was legend...

ElijahStudyRabbisTorah

The Throne of Solomon and the Animals of Gold

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 115

The throne of King Solomon, the legend-weavers said, was a marvel of engineering and meaning. It was made entirely of gold, with thirty-three steps ascending to the seat. On every ...

SolomonTorahWisdom

Abu Golis, the Blind Priest Who Came to Torah

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 131

The tale is told of a certain Abu Golis, a pagan priest in the city of Damascus who later lived in Tiberias. He served an idol and prospered in its shadow, taking what he pleased o...

RepentanceHealingDivine justice

The Emperor Antoninus Who Sent Plants to Rabbi Judah the Prince

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 148

The emperor Antoninus was a secret friend of Rabbi Judah the Prince, the compiler of the Mishnah. They visited each other, but Rome could not know of it. Antoninus had an undergrou...

RabbisWisdomMiracles

Hanina ben Dosa Sets His Heel on a Scorpion's Hole

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 164

Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa lived in such fearless piety that the scorpions feared him. The Talmud tells this miniature story like a punchline. A scorpion had taken up residence in a hol...

RabbisRighteousnessMiracles

Why Rabbi Meir Refused to Leave the Dangerous Inn

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 181

There was once an innkeeper who ran his business as a trap. Each night, deep in the small hours, he would wake his guests with false alarms — shouts of fire, of thieves, of s...

RabbisWisdomParables

Yochanan ben Zakkai Consoles a Mourning Rabbi After the Temple Falls

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 198

The Temple had been burned. Rabbi Joshua walked through the ashes of Jerusalem and said aloud, to no one in particular, “Woe to us. The place where Israel atoned for its sins...

TempleCharityRepentanceRabbis

Why Rabbi Ishmael Read a Dream of Falling Limbs as Good News

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 216

Rabbi Ishmael was known as a master of dream-interpretation. Two students with identical dreams could come to him and walk away with opposite readings, because Ishmael understood t...

Dreams & VisionsRabbisWisdomSpeech

The Last Orders of Rabbi Judah the Prince

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 232

When Rabbi Judah the Prince — the great redactor of the Mishnah — lay dying at Tzippori, the rabbis gathered around his bed. The people of Israel fasted and prayed. On ...

DeathRabbisTorahParenting

Justina Married at Six and the Sages' Rule About Eleven

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 247

The old collections preserve a small anecdote about a woman named Justina, daughter of Asverus, who was said to have been married at six years old and to have borne a child at seve...

RabbisWomen of the BibleWisdom

Rabbi Akiva Floats on a Plank After His Ship Goes Down

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 262

Rabbi Gamliel and Rabbi Akiva were once sailing together on the Mediterranean when a storm struck. Akiva’s vessel went down in deep water. Gamliel, on a different ship, assum...

RabbisTorahMiracles

Why the Ear of a Hebrew Slave Is Pierced at the Doorpost

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 277

The Torah gives one of its most peculiar laws. If a Hebrew slave, after six years of service, chooses to stay with his master rather than go free, his ear is brought to the doorpos...

TorahRabbisEthics

Beruriah Sends Rabbi Meir to Rescue Her Captive Sister

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 292

Beruriah, the brilliant wife of Rabbi Meir, was the daughter of the martyred sage Hanina ben Teradyon. When her father was burned at the stake by the Romans for teaching Torah, her...

RabbisWomen of the BibleMiraclesExile

The Demon in the Tree Who Paid a Dinar a Day

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 307

There was once a man who lived near an old tree. One morning, cutting branches for firewood, he raised his axe, and a voice came out of the wood. “Stop,” said the voice...

DemonsParablesRighteousness

The Heathen Who Smashed His Table Over Missing Nuts

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 322

The rabbis preserved a small, cutting anecdote about a wealthy pagan whose appetite had outgrown his reason. He sat down one evening at his fine marble dining table, which had been...

EthicsWisdomHumility

The War of Jacob's Sons Against the Men of Shechem

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 337

The Torah tells the story quickly — too quickly, the rabbis felt. Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, was taken and violated by Shechem, the prince of the local city. Her ...

PatriarchsDivine justiceEthics

How Bat-Sheba Confronted King Solomon About Women

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 351b

King Solomon once wrote in Ecclesiastes, “One man out of a thousand I have found, but a woman among all those I have not found” (Ecclesiastes 7:28). It was a line his m...

SolomonKing DavidWomen of the BibleDemons

The Beadle Who Crossed the Sambatyon to Save Polish Jewry

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 369

A medieval Jewish legend tells of a king of Poland who fell under the influence of a sorcerer — a wizard — and issued a decree: the Jews of his kingdom must convert, be...

KabbalahMosesSabbathExile

How Ashmedai Took the Place of Solomon and Was Found Out

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 4 (Ben Attar)

The Talmud in Gittin tells one of the strangest stories about King Solomon. The king, in his pride, once compelled Ashmedai, the chief of demons, to serve him. Through a chain of t...

SolomonDemonsHumilityWisdom

The Young Solomon and the Jars of Honey and Gold

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 403

Before he was king, Solomon was a young boy with a gift for untangling impossible lawsuits. The tradition collected in the Parables of Solomon preserves one such case. A wealthy an...

SolomonKing DavidWisdomDivine justice

The Two Friends Whose Surety Humbled a King

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 419

There were two men in a distant country who had been friends since boyhood. When war broke out between their two nations, they were forced apart. Years passed. One day, one of the ...

ParablesEthicsCommunity

The Widow Who Traded Her Husband's Corpse for a Watchman

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), No. 442

There was once a widow who wept over her husband’s grave day and night. The rabbis kept the story as a bitter parable about how quickly grief, left alone, forgets itself. Not...

ParablesEthicsDeathWomen of the Bible