"He has thrown down in His wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah" (Lamentations 2:2). Rabbi Yudan said: Every fortress that was in Jerusalem was not fit to be conquered in less than forty days. Rabbi Pinhas said: in less than fifty days. But when the iniquities caused it, "He has thrown down in His wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah," He brought them to the ground. "He has profaned the kingdom and its princes" (Lamentations 2:2). "He has profaned the kingdom" these are Israel, as you say: "And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (Exodus 19:6). "And its princes" these are the princes above. You find that before the enemies came, Jeremiah would say to them, Do repentance, that you not go into exile. They said to him, If the enemies come, what can they do to us? One said: I will surround it with a wall of water. Another said: I will surround it with a wall of fire. And another said: I will surround it with a wall of iron. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: It is with what is Mine that you are making use. The Holy One, blessed be He, arose and changed the names of the angels: the one over water He set over fire, and the one over fire He set over iron. And they would mention their names from below and they would not answer them. This is what is written: "And I have profaned the holy princes" (Isaiah 43:28). And once the iniquities caused it and the enemies came, they began to mention, Prince so-and-so, come, do for us such-and-such a thing. He said to him: It is not in my power to lift anything from it. Another interpretation: "He has profaned the kingdom and its princes." "He has profaned the kingdom" this is Zedekiah king of Judah; "and its princes" these are the princes above.
God Changes The Roles Of The Angels
Eikhah Rabbah 2:5
הָרַס בְּעֶבְרָתוֹ מִבְצְרֵי בַת יְהוּדָה, רַבִּי יוּדָן אָמַר כָּל בִּירָה וּבִירָה שֶׁהָיְתָה בִּירוּשָׁלַם לֹא הָיְתָה רְאוּיָה לְהִכָּבֵשׁ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעִים יוֹם, רַבִּי פִּנְחָס אָמַר פָּחוֹת מֵחֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁגָּרְמוּ עֲוֹנוֹת הָרַס בְּעֶבְרָתוֹ מִבְצְרֵי בַת יְהוּדָה הִגִּיעַ לָאָרֶץ. חִלֵּל מַמְלָכָה וְשָׂרֶיהָ, חִלֵּל מַמְלָכָה, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמות יט, ו): וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ. וְשָׂרֶיהָ אֵלּוּ שָׂרִים שֶׁל מַעְלָן, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא עַד שֶׁלֹא בָּאוּ הַשֹּׂוֹנְאִים הָיָה יִרְמְיָה אוֹמֵר לָהֶם עֲשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה שֶׁלֹא תֵּלְכוּ בַּגָּלוּת, אָמְרוּ לוֹ אִם יָבֹאוּ הַשֹּׂוֹנְאִים מַה יְּכוֹלִין לַעֲשׂוֹת לָנוּ, חַד אֲמַר אֲנָא מַקֵּיף לָהּ חוֹמַת מַיָּא, וָחֳרִינָא אֲמַר אֲנָא מַקֵּיף לָהּ חוֹמַת נוּרָא, וָחֳרִינָא אֲמַר אֲנָא מַקֵּיף לָהּ חוֹמַת פַּרְזְלָא, אֲמַר לְהוּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּדִידִי אַתּוּן מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין, עָמַד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְשִׁנָּה אֶת שְׁמוֹתָם שֶׁל מַלְאָכִים, דְּעַל מַיָא עֲבַד עַל נוּרָא וּדְעַל נוּרָא עֲבַד עַל פַּרְזְלָא, וְהָיוּ מַזְכִּירִין שְׁמוֹתָם מִלְּמַטָּה וְלֹא הָיוּ עוֹנִין לָהֶם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה מג, כח): וַאֲחַלֵּל שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁגָּרְמוּ הָעֲוֹנוֹת וּבָאוּ הַשֹּׂוֹנְאִים הִתְחִילוּ מַזְכִּירִין שַׂר פְּלָן אִיתָא עֲבִיד לָן מִילַיָּא פְּלָן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לֵית בְּחֵילִי דַּאֲנָא מֵירִים מִינַהּ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, חִלֵּל מַמְלָכָה וְשָׂרֶיהָ. חִלֵּל מַמְלָכָה, זֶה צִדְקִיָּה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה, וְשָׂרֶיהָ, אֵלּוּ שָׂרִים שֶׁל מַעְלָה.
Themes
Original Sources
- Lamentations Rabbah 2:5.