Guard the Matzot and Search for Leaven by Lamplight

Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai 12:17

"And you shall guard the unleavened bread" (Exodus 12:17) - Rabbi Yehudah says: be exacting in the precise details of the commandments. This teaches that three women may knead at three troughs one after another. The Sages say: three women may be busy with the dough, one kneading, one shaping, and one baking. Rabbi Akiva says: not all women, nor all woods, nor all ovens are alike. This is the rule: if it swells, smooth it down with cold water. Rabbi Shimon says: "and you shall guard the matzot" - matzah that is fit to be guarded; this excludes scalded dough, which is not fit to be guarded. Rabbi Eliezer says: "bread of affliction" (Deuteronomy 16:3) - in the manner a poor man works on other days; just as on other days his wife kneads and he heats the oven, so here too his wife kneads and he heats the oven. "For on this very day I brought your hosts out" - this teaches that the hosts of the Omnipresent are called the hosts of Israel, and the hosts of Israel are called the hosts of the Omnipresent. "And you shall guard this day" - guard it beforehand. From here they said: on the eve of the fourteenth one searches for leaven by the light of a lamp; one does not search by daylight nor by moonlight, but by lamplight, because searching by a lamp is finer than by the light of the sun or the moon. Even though there is no clear proof of the matter, there is a hint of the matter: "At that time I will search Jerusalem with lamps" (Zephaniah 1:12), and it says "The lamp of the LORD is the soul of man, searching all the chambers of the belly" (Proverbs 20:27). "Throughout your generations, an everlasting statute" - that the matter shall be practiced for all generations.

Themes