(Genesis 30:1) "And Rachel saw that she had borne Jacob no children, and Rachel envied her sister." It is written, "Let not your heart envy sinners, but be in the fear of the LORD all day long" (Proverbs 23:17), and you say "and Rachel envied her sister"? Rather, she envied her good deeds. She said: Were she not righteous, she would not have borne children. "And she said to Jacob: Give me children." Rabbi Shmuel bar Nahman said: Four are reckoned as though dead: the blind, the leper, one who has no children, and one who has come down from his wealth. The blind, as it is said (Lamentations 3:6), "He has made me dwell in dark places like those long dead." The leper, (Numbers 12:12) "Let her not be like a dead thing." And one who has come down from his wealth, (Exodus 4:19) "for all the men who sought your life are dead" and were they dead? Were they not Dathan and Abiram? Rather, they had come down from their wealth. And one who has no children, as it is said, "Give me children, and if not, I am a dead woman."
Rachel's Holy Envy and the Four Counted as Dead
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 127:1
(בראשית ל א) וַתֵּרֶא רָחֵל כִּי לֹא יָלְדָה לְּיַעֲקֹב וַתְּקַנֵּא רָחֵל בַּאֲחֹתָהּ. כְּתִיב "אַל יְקַנֵּא לִבְּךָ בַּחַטָּאִים כִּי אִם בְּיִרְאַת ה' כָּל הַיּוֹם", וְאַתְּ אָמַרֵת וַתְּקַנֵּא רָחֵל בַּאֲחֹתָהּ, אֶלָּא קִנְאָה בְּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ הַטּוֹבִים, אָמְרָה, אִלּוּלֵי שֶׁהָיְתָה צַדֶּקֶת [לֹא] הָיְתָה יוֹלְדָה. וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל יַעֲקֹב הָבָה לִּי בָנִים. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, אַרְבָּעָה חֲשׁוּבִין כְּמֵת, סוּמָא, וּמְצֹרָע, וּמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָּנִים, וּמִי שֶׁיָּרַד מִנְּכָסָיו. סוּמָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איכה ג, ו) "בְּמַחֲשַׁכִּים הוֹשִׁיבַנִי כְּמֵתֵי עוֹלָם". מְצֹרָע, (במדבר יב, יב) "אַל נָא תְהִי כַּמֵּת". וּמִי שֶׁיָּרַד מִנְּכָסָיו, (שמות ד, יט) "כִּי מֵתוּ כָּל הָאֲנָשִׁים הַמְבַקְשִׁים אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ", וְכִי מֵתִים הָיוּ וַהֲלֹא דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם הָיוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁיָּרְדוּ מִנִּכְסֵיהֶן וּמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָּנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר הָבָה לִּי בָנִים וְאִם אַיִן מֵתָה אָנֹכִי.