Counting a Minor for the Quorum and the Tale of Shimon ben Shatach

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 148:7

From where do we learn that a congregation is ten? It says "congregation" here and "congregation" elsewhere (Numbers 14:27) "how long shall this evil congregation"—just as the congregation there was ten, so here it is ten. Rav Simon said: it says "midst" here and "midst" there; just as there it was ten, so here it is ten. Rabbi Yose bar Avin said: if from "in the midst of those who came," it could be any number; rather it says "the children of Israel" here and "the children of Israel" there, just as there ten so here ten. Rav Simon in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, and Rabbi Yose ben Shaul in the name of Rabbi Ami: a child may be made an adjunct to complete ten. But was it not taught, we are not exacting about a minor? Rabbi Asi said, and some say Rabbi Simon: it was needed for two minors—one doubtful and one a minor; we make the doubtful one the essential count and the minor the adjunct. It was taught: a minor together with a Torah scroll may be made an adjunct. Rabbi Yehudah ben Pazi in the name of Rabbi Asi: if nine appear as ten, one may be made an adjunct. Rabbi Berekhiah and Rabbi Yaakov bar Zavdi asked before Rabbi Simon: just as he is made an adjunct for ten, may he be made an adjunct for three [for grace after meals]? If there, where the Name is uttered, he is made an adjunct, here all the more so. He said to him: on the contrary—there, where the Name is mentioned, he is made an adjunct; here, where the Name is not mentioned, he is not. This teaches that for grace after meals he may be made an adjunct, but for prayer and the recitation of Shema he is not made an adjunct until he brings two hairs. Rabbi Yose said: many times I ate with Abba Tachlifa and with Rabbi Hanina bar Sisi my beloved, and they did not include me in the quorum until I brought two hairs. Until what age does a child recite? Rav said the colleagues disagreed: Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Yehudah, both in the name of Shmuel—one said until he knows how to bless, and one said until he knows the manner of blessing. They asked before Shmuel bar Shilat: nine ate bread and one ate vegetables, what is the law? He said to them: a quorum is made over him. Eight bread and two vegetables? A quorum is made. Seven bread and three vegetables? A quorum is made. Six bread and four vegetables? A quorum is made. Rabbi Avina asked: half bread and half vegetables, what is the law? Rabbi Zeira said: while I was there I should have asked, but I missed the chance. Rabbi Yirmiyah asked: this one who ate only vegetables—is a quorum made over him? It was taught: three hundred Nazirites came up in the days of Shimon ben Shatach, and they wished to bring nine hundred offerings. For a hundred and fifty he found a legal opening [to release them], and for a hundred and fifty he found no opening. He went up to King Yannai and said: there are three hundred Nazirites who require nine hundred offerings and cannot afford them; give half from your own, and I will give half from mine, and let them go and offer. Yannai gave to them and did so. They went and spoke slander to King Yannai against Shimon ben Shatach, saying: know that all they offered, they offered from yours, while he gave nothing of his own. He heard and fled. After some days, certain Persians were dining at King Yannai's table. They said to him: we recall that an old man was here who would tell us words of wisdom. He said to his sister, send and bring him. She said to him, give me your word and send me your signet ring [as guarantee]. He gave the word and the ring, and Shimon came and sat between the king and queen. The king said: why did you mock me? He said: God forbid, I did not mock you; rather you gave from what was yours, and I gave from what was mine, as it is written, "for wisdom is a defense, even as money is a defense" (Ecclesiastes 7:12). The king said: then why did you not tell me? He said: had I told you, you would not have done it. He said: and why did you flee? He said, as it is written (Isaiah 26:20) "hide yourself for a little moment, until the wrath passes." He poured him a cup and said: bless. He said: let us bless over the food that Yannai and his guests have eaten. The king said: to this day I never heard such a thing from you. He said: what should I say—shall we bless over food I have not eaten? So they poured him a second cup, and he said: let us bless over the food we have eaten of his. Rabbi Yohanan said: his colleagues differed with Shimon ben Shatach. Rav Yirmiyah said, over the first; Rav Abba said, over the second. The reasoning follows the dispute: Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel taught that if one reclined and dipped with them, even if he did not eat an olive's worth of grain, a quorum is made over him; while the Sages say a quorum is not made until he eats an olive's worth of grain. It was taught: two ate bread and one vegetables, a quorum is made over him; and who taught it? Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel.

Themes