"And the magicians said to Pharaoh, 'This is the finger of God'" (Exodus 8:15). Rabbi Eleazar said: from here we learn that a demon cannot create a creature smaller than a barley grain [the magicians failed at the lice because demonic power has its limit]. Rav Pappa said: by God, even something as large as a camel he cannot create; rather, this one [size, larger] he can gather together and bring, but that one [smaller than a barley grain] he cannot gather. Rabbi Ishmael says: the five fingers of the right hand of the Holy One, blessed be He, are all devoted to the mystery of redemption. With the little finger, the Holy One, blessed be He, showed Noah how to make the ark, as it is said, "And this is how you shall make it" (Genesis 6:15). With the second finger, next to the little one, He struck the Egyptians, "This is the finger of God" (Exodus 8:15) - and how many were struck by that finger! With the third finger, third from the little one, He wrote the tablets, as it is said, "written with the finger of God" (Exodus 31:18). With the fourth, second to the thumb, He showed Moses what they should give as ransom for their souls, as it is said, "This they shall give" (Exodus 30:13). With the thumb and the whole hand, He will in the future destroy His foes and cut off those who are His enemies, as it is said, "May your hand be lifted over your adversaries, and all your enemies be cut off" (Micah 5:8).
The Finger of God and the Five Fingers of Redemption
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 183:1
(שמות ח, טו) וַיֹּאמְרוּ הַחַרְטֻמִּם אֶל פַּרְעֹה, אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים הִיא. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין הַשֵּׁד יָכוֹל לִבְרֹאת בְּרִיָּה פְּחוּתָה מִכַּעֲדָשָׁה. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא, הָאֱלֹהִים, אֲפִלּוּ כְּגָמָל נַמִי לָא מָצֵי בָּרִי, אֶלָּא הַאי מִכְנִיף לֵיהּ וְהַאי לָא מִכְנִיף לֵיהּ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, חָמֵשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת שֶׁל יַד יְמִינוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כֻּלָּם לְסוֹד גְּאֻלָּה, אֶצְבַּע קְטַנָּה, בָּהּ הֶרְאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מָה לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּתֵּבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְזֶה אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתָהּ", אֶצְבַּע, שְׁנִיָּה לַקְּטַנָּה, בָּהּ הִכָּה אֶת הַמִּצְרִים, אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים הִיא, כַּמָּה לָקוּ בָּאֶצְבַּע וְגוֹ'. שְׁלִישִׁית, שֶׁהִיא שְׁלִישִׁית לַקְּטַנָּה, כָּתַב בָּהּ הַלּוּחוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לא, יח) "כְּתֻבִים בְּאֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים". רְבִיעִית, שֶׁהִיא שְׁנִיָּה לַבֹּהֶן, בָּהּ הֶרְאָה לְמֹשֶׁה מַה יִתְּנוּ לְפִדְיוֹן נַפְשָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זֶה יִתְּנוּ". בֹּהֶן וְכָל הַיָּד, בָּהּ עָתִיד לְהַשְׁמִיד אֶת צָרָיו וּלְהַכְרִית אֶת שֶׁהֵן אוֹיְבָיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מיכה ה, ח) "תָּרֹם יָדְךָ עַל צָרֶיךָ וְכָל אֹיְבֶיךָ יִכָּרֵתוּ".