What Counts as Property in the Law of the Bailee

"For any matter of trespass" (Exodus 22:8). We learned: "For any matter of trespass" is a generalization. "For an ox, for a donkey, for a sheep, for a garment" is a specification. "For any lost thing" — it then generalized again. A generalization, a specification, and a generalization: you may judge only as the specification indicates. Just as the specification is explicit — a movable item whose body has intrinsic monetary value — so too anything that is a movable item whose body has monetary value. Excluded are lands, which are not movable; excluded are slaves, who are likened to land; excluded are documents, for though they are movable their body has no intrinsic monetary value; excluded is consecrated property, for the Merciful One said "his fellow's" (Exodus 22:8) and not consecrated property. Say it should apply only to living creatures: just as the specification is explicit — a thing whose carcass conveys impurity by contact and by carrying, and so forth — but not birds. Rather, "any" is an amplification. But concerning the tithe, where it is written "all" and we expound it by generalization and specification — as it was taught: "And you shall give the money for whatever (bekhol) your soul desires" (Deuteronomy 14:26), etc. They say: "bekhol" is a generalization, "kol" is an amplification. And if you wish, say: "kol" is a generalization, etc. And what is different here? If it should enter your mind that "for any matter of trespass" comes for a generalization-and-specification, behold a generalization, specification, and generalization was already written earlier — "when a man gives to his fellow" is a generalization, "money or vessels" is a specification, "to keep" then generalized. And if it should enter your mind that this "any" also comes for a generalization-and-specification, let the Merciful One have written these specifics beside that first generalization-and-specification; why repeat them with another generalization? Learn from this that it is for amplification. If for amplification, why are all these specifics needed? One to exclude lands, one to exclude slaves, one to exclude documents; "garment" to exclude a thing that is not defined [lacking identifying marks]; "for any lost thing" for the teaching of Rabbi Chiyya bar Abba in the name of Rabbi Yochanan: one who falsely pleads that a thief took a lost object that he had found pays the double payment, as it is said "for any lost thing."