Keep Far From a False Matter and the Duties of Judge and Student

"Keep far from a false matter" (Exodus 23:7). Our Rabbis taught: From where do we learn that a judge should not advocate for his own words [as a partisan defending his own opinion]? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a judge should not seat an ignorant student before him [as an assistant]? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a judge who knows of his colleague that he is a robber should not join with him [on the court]? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a judge who knows a case to be fraudulent should not say, "Since witnesses testify before me, I will decide it and let the chain of guilt hang on the witnesses' neck"? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a student sitting before his teacher, who sees merit for the poor man and liability for the rich man, should not be silent? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a student who sees his teacher erring in judgment should not say, "I will wait for him to finish, then I will overturn it and rebuild it on my own authority so the ruling will be called by my name"? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that if a teacher said to his student, "You know that even if they gave me a hundred maneh I would not lie; so-and-so owes me a maneh but I have only one witness against him" - from where that the student should not join with him [as a second witness]? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." But does this not follow already from "a false matter"? In that case the man is surely lying, and the Merciful One has said, "you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor." Rather, the case is where he said to him, "I certainly have one [genuine] witness; come you and stand there too and say nothing, for then you do not utter a falsehood from your mouth." Even so it is forbidden, because it is said, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a creditor owed a maneh should not say, "I will claim two hundred from him, so that he will admit to me a hundred, become liable to me an oath, and I will then roll over upon him an oath from another matter"? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a creditor owed a maneh whom the debtor claims [falsely] owes two hundred should not say, "I will deny it in court and admit to him outside of court, so that I will not be liable to him an oath and he will roll over upon me an oath from another matter"? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that of three who are owed a maneh by one man, one should not be the litigant and two the witnesses, so they can extract the maneh and split it? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where that a judge should not hear one litigant before the other litigant arrives? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." From where, of two who came to court, one dressed in rags and one dressed in a cloak worth a hundred maneh, that they say to the wealthy one, "Dress like him, or clothe him like yourself"? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." When men came before Rabbah bar bar Channah he would say to them, "Take off your fine boots and come down to judgment." From where that a litigant should not present his arguments persuasively to the judge before the other litigant arrives? Scripture teaches, "Keep far from a false matter." Rav Kahana said: from "you shall not bear [lo tisa]" read "you shall not cause to be borne [lo tassi]" [do not make others swear falsely]. "Keep far from a false matter" - this is a warning to one who speaks slander.