5 min read

Esau Died Claiming the Cave at Machpelah's Gate

The funeral from Egypt stopped at the cave mouth. Esau filled the doorway and said the last empty place inside belonged to him.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Last Empty Place
  2. Naphtali Ran for the Deed
  3. Chushim Did Not Hear Any of It
  4. What Went In and What Went Home

The bier stopped at the gates of the cave. The mouth of Machpelah stood open, and Esau was already in it, filling the gap with his shoulders, his sons packed on the slope behind him, claiming the last empty place before the coffin could pass.

Esau Died Claiming the Cave at Machpelah's Gate Click for full size

The funeral had come up from Egypt with chariots and elders and the whole household of Israel. Jacob had died there, seventy days of embalming, a state procession on Pharaoh's model. They had paused at the threshing floor of Atad, where the Canaanites watched the mourning and named the place for it. Now they were at Hebron, at the cave Abraham had bought, where Sarah and Isaac and Rebekah and Leah already lay, and the last empty place was the reason Esau had come.

The Last Empty Place

"Four couples," Esau said. He had the count ready. Adam and Eve. Abraham and Sarah. Isaac and Rebekah. Jacob had already put Leah in. The last niche was his. Not Jacob's. His.

Joseph stood with the coffin in the dust. Pharaoh's servants waited. The horses stamped. Esau would not move. He had sold the birthright for a bowl of soup. He had lost the blessing in a tent with goat hair on his arms. He had spent a long life with Isaac's other word in his pocket: you will live by the sword, you will serve your brother, and a day will come when you shake the yoke off your neck. Jacob was dead and could not argue. The cave was the last thing left to take.

Joseph asked for the deed. Abraham had bought this field from Ephron the Hittite with silver, weighed out in the hearing of the city. The paper was in Egypt.

Esau knew that. He had timed the objection for the hour when the paper could not be produced.

Naphtali Ran for the Deed

Joseph sent Naphtali. The man could run. His tribe was named for speed. Naphtali turned south toward Egypt and left the argument standing in the sun.

The lawyers kept talking. Esau's sons kept their hands on their swords. Jacob's body waited. Four days of travel, there and back, and the dead man had already come farther than that to lie down here.

Naphtali made the distance. He came back with the deeds before the talk at the gate could turn into something worse. They were read aloud at the cave mouth. The weights of silver were listed. The witnesses were listed. The land was bought. Esau's case folded in the reading.

He still did not step aside.

Chushim Did Not Hear Any of It

Chushim son of Dan stood in the procession. He was deaf. He had not followed the case, the birthright, the silver, the runner. He saw his grandfather's coffin held at a hole in the rock while men with mouths full of law delayed the burial.

He pulled at a sleeve. Why are we standing. Why is the old man not in the ground.

Someone shouted it at him, slow, with hands. Esau will not let us bury until the runner comes back from Egypt.

The runner had already come back. The deeds had already been read. Esau was still in the doorway. Chushim did not wait for another sentence.

He took a staff. He stepped through the lawyers. He struck Esau at the neck.

The head came off. It rolled across the threshold and into the cave, into the dark where Isaac already lay. Esau's eyes stayed open. The body stood a moment without it, then went down in the gap he had been guarding.

What Went In and What Went Home

They buried the head in Machpelah. The cave took the part of him that had done the arguing. His sons lifted what was left and carried it east, back to Edom, back to Seir, out of the field Abraham had paid for.

A fight broke around the entrance. Forty of Esau's men died in it. Jacob's sons lost no one. Joseph took Zepho, son of Eliphaz, in chains down to Egypt.

Jacob went into the cave beside Leah. Esau got the niche he had come for, and only as much of it as a head requires. The yoke he had waited a lifetime to shake off was off. He was not there to feel it.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews 1:428Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Drawing on various Midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) sources, the simmering tensions between the descendants of Jacob and Esau erupted once more. Remember the little scuffle at the Cave of Machpelah, when Esau tried to muscle his way into a burial plot? That was just a taste of what was to come. It was more than just sibling rivalry; it was a clash of destinies.

Esau, ever the impulsive one, had lost forty of his men in that initial skirmish while Jacob’s body still lay unburied. But even after Esau's death, the conflict didn't end. Fate seemed to favor Jacob's line. In the next round, eighty more of Esau's followers bit the dust, while Jacob's sons didn't lose a single man.

Joseph, ever the strategist, managed to capture Zepho, the son of Eliphaz (Esau’s son), along with fifty of his men. He chained them up and dragged them back to Egypt – a rather harsh reminder of who was in charge.

The remaining forces of Esau, led by Eliphaz, beat a hasty retreat to Mount Seir. They took with them Esau's headless corpse. Yes, you read that right, headless! They wanted to bury him in his own territory, which, you have to admit, is understandable, head or no head.

Now, here's where it gets interesting. The sons of Jacob pursued them, hot on their heels. But… they didn't kill anyone. Why? Out of respect for Esau's remains. Even in conflict, even after all the strife, there was still a sense of familial obligation, a recognition of shared ancestry. They were willing to fight, to defend what they believed was rightfully theirs. But they weren't willing to desecrate a corpse, even the corpse of their adversary. What does that say about their character? About the values they held dear?

A mix of conflict and respect, of ambition and restraint. And sometimes, that little bit of humanity can make all the difference.

Full source
Jasher 47Book of Jasher

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Book of Jasher, J. H. Parry edition (1887) · Public Domain

Book of Jasher turns to Isaac Dies at 180 and Esau Returns From Edom.

The scene opens with Isaac, Abraham's son, nearing the end of his long life – a whopping 180 years! Esau, having heard the news, journeys from his home in Edom back to Canaan, where Jacob and his sons also gather at their father's house. Jacob is still mourning Joseph, and the air is thick with history.

Isaac, sensing his time is short, asks Jacob to bring forward his sons. He lays his hands on them, embracing and kissing each one. Then, in a powerful moment, he bestows a blessing: "May the God of your fathers bless you and increase your seed like the stars of heaven for number." He even blesses Esau's sons, wishing them to be "a dread and a terror" to their enemies.

The blessings aren't the only thing on Isaac's mind. He calls Jacob and his sons to him and reminds them of God's promise: "Unto thy seed will I give this land for an inheritance if thy children keep my statutes and my ways." He urges them to teach their children to fear the Lord and to walk in His ways. This echoes the covenant God made with Abraham, a covenant that hinges on obedience and faith.

And then, the inevitable happens. Isaac finishes his commands, breathes his last, and is gathered to his people. Jacob and Esau, united in grief, fall upon their father's face and weep. They carry him to the cave of Machpelah, the burial place Abraham purchased from the Hittites – a significant piece of real estate in the heart of Hebron.

The funeral is a grand affair. All the kings of Canaan come to pay their respects, showing Isaac great honor. Jacob and Esau, along with their sons, walk barefooted around the procession, lamenting until they reach Kireath-arba (Hebron). They bury him with the pomp and circumstance befitting a king, and a great mourning is held for many days.

With Isaac gone, the question of inheritance arises. Esau proposes dividing their father's possessions into two, with him getting first pick. Jacob agrees, but with a twist. He presents Esau with a choice: the riches or the land.

"The Lord God of heaven and earth spoke unto our fathers Abraham and Isaac," Jacob says, "saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land for an inheritance forever." He then offers Esau the ultimate deal: take the entire land for himself and his children, or take the riches and leave the land to Jacob.

Esau, ever the pragmatist, consults with Nebayoth, the son of Ishmael. Nebayoth advises him to take the riches and leave Jacob with the land. "Behold all the children of Canaan are dwelling securely in their land, and Jacob sayeth he will inherit it with his seed all the days," Nebayoth points out, essentially questioning Jacob's claim.

So, Esau takes all the riches – the livestock, the property, everything – leaving nothing for Jacob. In return, Jacob takes the land of Canaan, from the brook of Egypt to the river Euphrates, claiming it as an everlasting possession for himself and his descendants. This echoes the boundaries promised to Abraham in (Genesis 15:18).

And here's the kicker: Jacob also buys from Esau the cave of Machpelah, solidifying his family's claim to this crucial burial site. This act highlights the importance of tangible connections to the land and ancestral heritage.

To make it all official, Jacob writes everything down in a "book of purchase," signing it and having it witnessed. He meticulously describes the land he's acquiring, including the cities of the Hittites, Hivites, Jebusites, Amorites, Perizzites, and Gergashites – all seven nations occupying the territory. He then places this document, along with other important texts, in an earthen vessel for safekeeping, entrusting it to his children.

Esau, having taken all the wealth, departs for the land of Seir, never to return to Canaan. The Book of Jasher tells us, "Esau had possessions amongst the children of Seir, and Esau returned not to the land of Canaan from that day forward."

Thus, the stage is set. The land of Canaan becomes the inheritance of the children of Israel, while Esau and his descendants inherit the mountain of Seir. The destinies of these two brothers, forever intertwined, are now irrevocably separated, each embarking on their own path.

What does this story tell us? It's more than just a tale of inheritance. It's about choices, about priorities, and about the enduring power of promises. Esau chose immediate wealth, while Jacob chose the long-term promise of the land. And what are we willing to give up to get it?

Full source
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 39:14Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer, trans. Rabbi Gerald Friedlander, London (1916) · CC-BY

The scene: The Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, the ancient burial ground purchased by Abraham himself. Jacob, also known as Israel, has passed away in Egypt, and his sons are bringing his body back to the Promised Land for burial. This, as you might imagine, was no simple procession.

As they arrive at the cave, who should appear but Esau, Jacob's estranged twin brother! According to Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, a fascinating and often imaginative midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) text, Esau wasn't there to offer condolences. Oh no, he was there to cause trouble.

Esau, coming all the way from Mount Horeb, claims the Cave of Machpelah as his own! He's trying to prevent the burial of his own brother! What's a family to do?

Joseph, ever the resourceful one, doesn't resort to immediate violence. Instead, he sends Naphtali, one of his brothers, on a mission. Naphtali, blessed with swiftness – "a hind let loose," as (Genesis 49:21) describes him – is dispatched to Egypt to retrieve the legal deed, the proof that Abraham had rightfully purchased the cave. The idea was to use the legal document to subdue the constellations, to gain a cosmic upper hand.

But time is of the essence and Esau is not backing down. Now enter Chushim, the son of Dan. Chushim is described as being hard of hearing and having a speech impediment. He sees the impasse, the tension, but perhaps doesn't fully grasp the diplomatic efforts being made. He notices everyone standing around, seemingly paralyzed by Esau's audacity. According to Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, he asks, in effect, "Why are we just standing here?"

Seeing Esau blocking the entrance, Chushim doesn't wait for explanations or legal documents. He sees only one thing: someone preventing his grandfather from being buried. So what does he do?

He draws his sword and, in a single swift motion, removes Esau's head! Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer tells us he then takes the head into the Cave of Machpelah. The text says that Esau’s body was sent to Mount Seir, the land of his possession. Talk about a dramatic resolution!

It certainly isn't your typical burial service. What are we to make of it? Why include such a violent episode in the story of our patriarchs?

Perhaps it's a reminder that sometimes, decisive action – even drastic action – is necessary to uphold what is right. Or maybe it is a warning about the destructive power of unresolved family conflict. It certainly speaks to the deep-seated rivalry between Jacob and Esau, a rivalry that seems to extend even beyond the grave.

Whatever the interpretation, the story of Jacob's burial, as told in Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, is a powerful reminder that even in moments of mourning, the complexities of family, law, and justice can collide in unexpected and often unsettling ways. It leaves us pondering the lengths to which we will go to honor our ancestors and defend what we believe is rightfully ours. It's a story that stays with you, long after you've closed the book.

Full source