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The King Who Ate Grass and the Son Who Fed Him to Vultures

Crowds walked out past the walls to watch Nebuchadnezzar crop grass in the field. Daniel was the one man in Babylon who would not go and look.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Dream Nobody Wanted to Read
  2. Ox to the Navel, Lion Below
  3. The One Man Who Did Not Go Out to Look
  4. Seven Judges and an Inheritance Refused
  5. Three Hundred Vultures
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The Dream Nobody Wanted to Read

Nebuchadnezzar had already tried to kill every wise man in Babylon once. He had woken from a dream he could not remember, called in the Chaldeans and the magicians and the interpreters, and ordered them to tell him both the dream and its meaning. They said no man alive could do that. He gave the order to have all of them executed, and it was only called off because a Judean captive asked for one night and got the dream out of God before morning.

Years later the king dreamed again, and this time he remembered every part of it. He was going to lose his kingdom. He was going to feed among wild animals in open country. After seven years he would get his throne back.

He called the magicians in again. Not one of them would put a word to it.

Daniel stood in front of him and told him what it meant, in a room where telling the truth had a documented cost, and the thing came out exactly as he said.

Ox to the Navel, Lion Below

He was not turned into an animal, quite. He was changed in three places only: in how he looked, in his mind, and in his speech.

From the head down to the navel he had the look of an ox. From the navel to his feet he had the look of a lion. At the start he ate the same field herbs any man might eat, chewing them the way an ox chews, and by the end he was killing, the way a lion does, and what he killed were the wicked.

People came out from the city to look at him. It was the one show in Babylon. They walked out past the walls in groups to stand at a safe distance and watch the king of the world crop grass with his mouth.

The One Man Who Did Not Go Out to Look

Daniel never went.

He spent the whole period praying for him, the man who had burned the sanctuary and marched his people out in chains, and because of those prayers the seven years came down to seven months.

The months went in blocks of forty days. Forty days he roamed with the wild animals. Forty days his mind came back to him and he was a man again, and he spent all of it weeping over what he had done. Forty days he hid in caves. Forty days he went back out among the animals until the seven months were finished.

The stretches when he knew himself were worse than the stretches when he did not.

Seven Judges and an Inheritance Refused

When God put him back on his feet he did not go back to ruling the way he had. He appointed seven judges, one for each of the seven years the dream had named, and he would not sit alone over the kingdom again. He kept off meat and bread and wine and lived on herbs and seed, on Daniel's advice, the whole time he was repenting.

His son Evil-merodach had been on the throne for those seven years. When his father walked back into Babylon, the son went to prison for the rest of his life.

Then Nebuchadnezzar offered Daniel a place among his own sons, an heir with a share of Babylon.

Daniel said, "Far be it from me to trade the inheritance of my fathers for the inheritance of the uncircumcised."

Three Hundred Vultures

He reigned forty years in all, the same span David reigned. In all that time nobody in his kingdom dared laugh out loud. When he finally died and went down, the residents of Sheol (the underworld of the dead) felt him coming and shook, because they thought he had come to rule them too, and a voice went out over him: go down, and be laid with the uncircumcised.

His son was let out of prison and the nobles came to him with the crown, and he would not take it.

He had watched this man go out into the fields on all fours and come back and put him in a cell. "I am afraid of my father," he said. "He changed from an animal into a man once. He can change from a dead man into a living one."

Jehoiachin, the exiled king of Judah who had shared that cell with him, told him what to do about it. Take the body out of the grave. Cut it into three hundred pieces. Give the pieces to three hundred vultures. Your father will not get up until every one of those birds brings back the meat it swallowed.

They dug him up. What was left of Nebuchadnezzar was dragged through the streets of his own city, and his son took the crown.


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Sources

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Antiquities X.10Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston · Public Domain

Daniel was still a teenager when Nebuchadnezzar brought him to Babylon in chains. He and three companions from the royal family of Judah, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, were given Babylonian names, Babylonian education, and food from the king's own table. Daniel refused the food. He asked their guardian to let them eat only vegetables and water for ten days as a test. After ten days, the Jewish captives looked healthier and stronger than everyone eating royal meals.

That was just the beginning. Josephus records that Daniel became "very busy about the interpretation of dreams, and God manifested himself to him." When Nebuchadnezzar had a second dream, this time about a great tree cut down, its stump left in the field among wild beasts, none of the Babylonian wise men could interpret it. Daniel alone told the king the truth: the tree was Nebuchadnezzar himself, and he would lose his throne, live among animals in the wilderness for seven years, and only be restored when he acknowledged that God rules over all kingdoms.

It happened exactly as Daniel predicted. The most powerful king on earth was reduced to living like a beast. After seven years, Nebuchadnezzar prayed and was restored to his throne.

Generations later, King Belshazzar hosted a great feast using the sacred gold and silver vessels looted from the Temple in Jerusalem. In the middle of the banquet, a disembodied hand appeared and wrote on the wall: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. The king was terrified. None of his wise men could read the script. They called for Daniel, now an old man. He read the writing without hesitation: God has numbered your kingdom and finished it. You have been weighed and found wanting. Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians. That very night, Belshazzar was killed and Darius the Mede took the kingdom (Daniel 5:30).

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel LXVIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, trans. Moses Gaster (1899) · Public Domain

Nebuchadnezzar's transformation was not a complete change from man to animal. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, he appeared as an ox from his head to his navel and as a lion from his navel to his feet. His mind was altered and his speech was taken from him, but his body remained partly human. The punishment was public, unmistakable, and deeply humiliating for the most powerful king on earth.

For the first forty days he roamed among wild beasts, eating herbs like cattle. Then for forty days his heart returned to human awareness, and he wept for his sins. Another forty days he spent hiding in caves. A final forty days passed among the animals again. Daniel prayed for him throughout the ordeal, and because of Daniel's intercession, the seven years of punishment prophesied were reduced to seven months.

When God restored Nebuchadnezzar to his throne, the king changed. He appointed seven judges to share his power, one for each year that had been decreed against him. He stopped eating meat and bread and drinking wine, living instead on herbs and seeds according to Daniel's counsel. He tried to make Daniel an heir alongside his own sons, but Daniel refused. "Far be it from me to leave the inheritance of my fathers for an inheritance of the uncircumcised," he said.

After Nebuchadnezzar's death, his son Evil-Merodach freed Jehoiachin, the exiled king of Judah, from prison and raised his throne above every other king in Babylon. Evil-Merodach did this partly from justice and partly from fear. His father had put him in prison alongside Jehoiachin, and the two had shared a cell. But Evil-Merodach feared his father might somehow rise from the grave, so Jehoiachin advised him to cut the corpse into 300 pieces and feed them to 300 vultures. "Your father will not rise," Jehoiachin told him, "until those vultures return every piece of flesh."

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Legends of the Jews 10:107Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

That was life under Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonian king who loomed over the ancient world like a thundercloud. But even the longest storms eventually break.

After forty years – a reign as long as King David's, no less! – Nebuchadnezzar finally died. The Zohar tells us that his death brought hope and joy to many. His severity had been so extreme that no one dared laugh in his presence. Even the denizens of Sheol, the underworld, trembled at his arrival, fearing he'd come to rule them too! But a heavenly voice, according to the legend, set things straight: "Go down, and be thou laid down with the uncircumcised." A rather ignominious end for such a powerful figure, wouldn't you say?

The story of his burial? It's… well, it's something else entirely. It gets pretty dark. there's this whole episode where Nebuchadnezzar goes a little.. wild. He spends seven years living among the beasts. Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews picks up this thread and it’s wild! During that time, his son, Evil-merodach, ruled in his place. But when Nebuchadnezzar returned, having apparently learned a lesson or two, he wasn't exactly grateful. Instead, he locked his son away for life.

So, fast forward to Nebuchadnezzar's actual death. Evil-merodach is understandably a little paranoid. The nobles come to him, offering homage as the new king, but he refuses! He's convinced it's a trick. He fears his father isn't really dead, that he's just vanished again, ready to reappear and reclaim the throne. Who could blame him?

Now, here's where the story takes a truly gruesome turn. To convince Evil-merodach that his father was genuinely, definitively dead, Nebuchadnezzar's enemies did something… extreme. They mutilated his corpse – horribly, brutally mutilated it – and dragged it through the streets. As we find in Midrash Rabbah, this was done to demonstrate beyond any doubt that the tyrant was gone for good.

A powerful king, reduced to such a state. But perhaps, in a strange way, it's a reminder that even the mightiest rulers are ultimately mortal, and that their actions have consequences that can outlive them in truly terrible ways. What does it say about Nebuchadnezzar's reign that such a gruesome display was necessary to finally put his son's fears – and the nation's – to rest?

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