5 min read

Pharaoh Stood at Gehenna Until the Kings Arrived

Pharaoh stood at the gate of Gehenna for eternity, warning every arriving king of the ten plagues, the sea, and the God he denied.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Idol That Survived
  2. Fifty Days in the Deep
  3. The Post at Gehenna
  4. Pharaoh Stood at the Gate

Three men sat before Pharaoh when the question of the Hebrews was first raised, and each one answered differently. Jethro, who served in the court, spoke against the plan to destroy them. He was dismissed immediately, driven out in disgrace, and sent toward Midian, where he would one day become the father-in-law of the man who freed them. Balaam urged the killing of the Hebrew males. He would eventually be killed himself. Job said nothing. He folded his hands and told the king to do as he saw fit. Job would spend the rest of his life answering for that silence, in a suffering he did not anticipate and could not explain.

Pharaoh, left with no one in the room willing to refuse him, proceeded.

The Idol That Survived

The plagues came down in sequence. Blood, then frogs, then lice. Beasts swarmed the palace while Goshen stayed quiet. The line between Egypt and Israel was drawn in geography, so no one could later claim it was chance. Ten times the king was shown something overwhelming, and ten times he stood firm, sometimes hardening on his own, sometimes with help, because God had decided this particular man would demonstrate something complete and not partial.

After the firstborn died, after the wailing rose from every house in Egypt, Pharaoh let Israel go. Then he changed his mind. He took his six hundred best chariots and drove hard toward the sea.

At the coast, at the sanctuary of Baal-zephon, Pharaoh stopped. Every other idol in Egypt had been destroyed or defiled during the plagues. This one still stood. He took that as a sign. The god had survived the catastrophe; the god approved of what he was about to do. He offered sacrifices at the altar, found his courage again, and drove the chariots toward the water. The idol that gave him false comfort had been left standing for exactly this purpose: to give him one final reason to charge.

Fifty Days in the Deep

The sea opened. Israel crossed. The sea closed.

The bodies of the Egyptian soldiers washed onto shore so that Israel could see them and know: no army had survived by swimming out the other side, no Egyptian had crossed alongside them, no claim would be made later that the people of the Nile had simply found another route. The drowned soldiers also carried the gold and silver of Egypt on their bodies, wages that returned, after generations, to the people who had earned them (Exodus 14:30).

Pharaoh himself did not wash ashore. He sank. He was held at the bottom of the sea for fifty days, and then he was brought up. Not to Memphis. Not to any throne. To a gate.

The Post at Gehenna

Gehenna (גֵּיְהִנֹם), the place of divine judgment, has a gate. At that gate a figure stood when the kings of the nations arrived. He had been placed there to wait for them, and he had been waiting a long time.

Every king who had made himself a god, every ruler who had looked at a suffering people and doubled their labor, every man who had hardened his heart ten times against overwhelming evidence walked through that gate eventually. And the figure standing there opened his mouth.

"O ye fools," he said. "Why have ye not learnt knowledge from me? I denied the Lord God, and He brought ten plagues upon me, sent me to the bottom of the sea, kept me there for fifty days, released me, and brought me up. Thus I could not but believe in Him."

The man who had refused for decades to say those words now said them forever. He stood at the threshold of punishment and announced, to every arriving king, the thing he had spent his life denying. That was the sentence. Not darkness, not fire, not the forgetting of his name. Eternal testimony.

Pharaoh Stood at the Gate

There is a terrible geometry to this. The court that once heard three advisors debate whether to destroy a people resolved into a single figure at a single gate, addressing an endless procession of those who had made the same error. Jethro had been banished for objecting. Balaam had died for encouraging it. Job had suffered for staying silent. Pharaoh had done all three things at different moments in his life: refused God, pursued God's people, and eventually, at the sea, perhaps cried out something like belief, too late for freedom but just in time for assignment.

He stood there, this king who would not learn, and made himself useful in the only way left to him. Every new king who arrived heard his voice at the threshold. The warning was real. The speaker was proof. He had seen ten plagues, walked through fifty days of sea-floor darkness, been lifted back to stand at a gate he could not leave, and he was still talking.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews 1:57Legends of the Jews

Legends of the Jews turns to Pharaoh Guards the Gates of Hell for Eternity.

Well, according to those whispers, Pharaoh never truly died.

He stands eternally at the gates of Gehenna, hell, a chilling sentinel. And as the kings of the nations arrive, he delivers a stark warning. As Legends of the Jews tells us, he cries out, "O ye fools! Why have ye not learnt knowledge from me? I am denied the Lord God, and He brought ten plagues upon me, sent me to the bottom of the sea, kept me there for fifty days, released me then, and brought me up. Thus I could not but believe in Him." A pretty powerful indictment. He becomes a testament, albeit a reluctant one, to the power of God.

The story doesn't end there. What about the bodies of the Egyptians? What became of them? It wasn't just happenstance that they washed ashore. According to tradition, there were very specific reasons why God ensured this happened.

First, to silence any doubt in the minds of the Israelites. They couldn't claim that the Egyptians had also escaped, simply by taking a different route. There was no parallel escape.

Second, to prevent the Egyptians from deluding themselves into thinking the Israelites had suffered the same fate as them. Everyone needed to know the truth.

Third, and this might be a little harder to swallow, the Israelites were entitled to the spoils. The silver, the gold, the precious adornments that the Egyptians wore – it all became the booty of the freed slaves.

And finally, perhaps the most human, and raw, reason of all: the Israelites deserved the satisfaction of seeing their enemies suffer. Imagine the scene: they could point, one by one, at the corpses. "This one was my taskmaster," they might say, "the one who beat me with those fists that the dogs are now gnawing on!" Or, "Yonder Egyptian – the dogs are chewing the very feet that kicked me!" Talk about visceral. Talk about a reckoning.

It's a harsh image, isn't it? But it speaks to the depth of the trauma, the years of suffering endured by the Israelites. As Ginzberg retells it in Legends of the Jews, this final act provided closure, a brutal, but perhaps necessary, end to a chapter of enslavement.

These legends aren't always comfortable. They force us to confront the darker aspects of human nature, the desire for revenge, the need for justice. But they also remind us of the power of belief, the enduring nature of faith, and the importance of remembering, always remembering, where we came from. What do you think? Does knowing the 'why' behind the Egyptian's fate change how you see the Exodus story?

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Legends of the Jews 4:29Legends of the Jews

It’s a scene ripe with drama, intrigue, and conflicting advice.

The story begins, as many of the best stories do, with a betrayal. Jethro, also known as Reuel, later to become Moses' father-in-law, dared to speak out against Pharaoh’s growing hostility towards the Hebrews. That Pharaoh was "exceedingly wroth with him," and Jethro was promptly dismissed from his position in disgrace, forced to flee to Midian. Ouch. Imagine the courage it took to stand up to a king, especially one as powerful as Pharaoh!

Left without Jethro's counsel, Pharaoh turned to other advisors, seeking their opinions on how to deal with the growing "problem" of the Hebrew population. First up was Job. Yes, that Job, the one of immense suffering and unwavering faith. And what was his advice? Well, not much, actually. As the text recounts, Job essentially washed his hands of the situation, saying, "Behold, all the inhabitants of the land are in thy power. Let the king do as seemeth good in his eyes." It's a bit disappointing, isn't it? Especially coming from someone known for his moral fortitude.

Finally, Pharaoh called upon Balaam. Balaam, a fascinating and complex figure, was a non-Israelite prophet known for his powerful blessings and curses (Numbers 22-24). Now, Balaam's advice is where things get really interesting. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, Balaam essentially warned Pharaoh that any attempt to destroy the Hebrews through methods that had challenged their forefathers would fail. "From all that the king may devise against the Hebrews, they will be delivered," Balaam declared.

He reminded Pharaoh that the Hebrews’ God had saved Abraham from the fiery furnace, as we see in the Book of Genesis and elaborated upon in various Midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) traditions. "If thou thinkest to diminish them by the flaming fire, thou wilt not prevail over them, for their God delivered Abraham their father from the furnace." He further pointed out that Isaac had been spared from sacrifice, referencing the binding of Isaac (Akeidah) in Genesis 22. "Perhaps thou thinkest to destroy them with a sword, but their father Isaac was delivered from being slaughtered by the sword.” And, he added, even the back-breaking labor that Jacob endured while working for Laban couldn't break the Hebrews. "And if thou thinkest to reduce them through hard and rigorous labor, thou wilt also not prevail, for their father Jacob served Laban in all manner of hard work, and yet he prospered.”

So, what WAS Balaam's advice? His suggestion was chilling: target the newborn male children by throwing them into the Nile. "If it please the king, let him order all the male children that shall be born in Israel from this day forward to be thrown into the water. Thereby canst thou wipe out their name, for neither any of them nor any of their fathers was tried in this way.”

This was a tactic that hadn’t been used before, a way to circumvent the protective hand that had guided the patriarchs. A truly horrific suggestion! It’s a stark reminder of the depths of cruelty to which fear and prejudice can lead. We read in (Exodus 1:22), "Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, ‘Every boy that is born to the Hebrews you shall throw into the Nile, but you shall let every girl live.’"

What's so fascinating about this whole episode is the way it highlights the power of memory and the weight of history. Pharaoh and his advisors weren't just dealing with a present-day population; they were confronting a people deeply connected to their past, a past filled with divine interventions and miraculous escapes. Did Pharaoh truly believe he could outsmart the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob? Maybe. Or perhaps he was simply blinded by fear and a desperate desire to maintain control. It makes you wonder: what "advice" are we listening to today that might lead us down a similarly dark path?

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Legends of the Jews 1:18Legends of the Jews

That’s kind of what the Israelites were facing as they fled Egypt.

Pharaoh, that stubborn ruler, wasn't about to let them go easily. After the plagues, after the death of the firstborn, he finally relented… but then, of course, he changed his mind. And he wasn’t just annoyed; he was furious. As the Israelites made their escape, Pharaoh was comforted by the sole Egyptian idol that had remained intact, Baal-zephon.

When Pharaoh reached the sanctuary of Baal-zephon, he rejoiced that at least this idol had been spared from annihilation, unlike the others in Egypt. He immediately offered sacrifices, finding solace in the belief that Baal-zephon approved of his plan: to drown the children of Israel in the sea.

The Israelites are on the run, finally free after generations of slavery. They look behind them, and what do they see? Not just Pharaoh, not just his army, but huge detachments of Egyptian soldiers bearing down on them. And, as if that weren’t enough, they realize they're boxed in. In Migdol there were other troops stationed, even more than their own numbers, counting men, women, and children.

Talk about panic setting in!

But that's not all. The sight that terrified them most, we’re told, was the Angel of Egypt. Can you imagine? The angel, a powerful, supernatural being, was darting through the air to assist the Egyptians.

It’s no wonder the Israelites freaked out. And who did they turn to in their fear? Moses, of course.

"What have you done to us?" they cried. "Now they will punish us for everything: for the death of their firstborn, for running off with their money! It was your fault, Moses! You told us to borrow gold and silver from our Egyptian neighbors and leave with their property!"

Imagine being Moses in that moment. You’ve led your people out of slavery, you've witnessed miracles, and now they're blaming you for everything! It just goes to show you, even after experiencing the extraordinary, human nature remains… well, human. What do you think Moses did next? How did he calm their fears and lead them forward? We'll just have to wait and see.

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