Parshat Shemini5 min read

God Killed One Leviathan and Salted It for the Last Feast

God made two Leviathans on the fifth day, killed the female before they could breed, and salted her flesh for a feast at the end of days.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The One He Let Live
  2. God Showed Him to a Broken Man
  3. God Plays With Him in the Afternoon
  4. Three Beasts, Three Kingdoms
  5. The Feast at the End of the World

The sea was one day old when God made the thing that was too big for it.

On the fifth day He reached into the new water and brought up two of them, a male and a female, scales like shields hammered shut, eyes that lit the black deep from the inside. They circled each other in the cold, slow as drifting continents, and the water boiled where they passed and went still behind them. God watched them turn, and He counted forward. He saw their young: mountains with teeth, a hunger no ocean could fill, a tail that would crack the seabed and a wake that would drown the coasts. The world He was three days from finishing would not outlive its own sea.

So before the female could spawn, He killed her. He did not sink her in the trench or let the currents pull her apart. He salted her flesh, the way a man cures the meat he means to keep through a long winter, and laid it away in the dark. A carcass salted on the fifth day of the world, stored for a feast with no guests, because the ones who would eat it had not been made yet.

The One He Let Live

The male He kept alive, and alone. Drag a hook the length of the world through the water and you will not land him. Pass a cord around that tongue and he will take you down by it. His back is a road of shields no spear has opened. Smoke leaks from his nostrils like a banked fire. When he breathes out, flame walks across the waves. When he merely turns in his sleep, the sea climbs the cliffs, and the strong men on the shore fall silent and will not say his name aloud.

His eyes throw light into water the sun has never reached, two lamps moving along the floor of the world. His thirst cuts channels through the deep that stay dry for seventy years before the sea works up the nerve to fill them. Nothing hunts him. Nothing dares wake him. He is the one piece of creation built without a predator and left that way on purpose.

God Showed Him to a Broken Man

Once, out of a storm, God described him to a man named Job, who had dared to ask why the innocent suffer. "Look at the beast," God said. And Job looked: the double coat of mail, the doors of its face, the ring of terror around its teeth, the breath that kindles coals. Can you draw him out with a hook? Can you put him on a leash for your daughters to play with? Job had wanted an answer about justice. He got the sea monster instead, and went quiet, because a man who cannot land a fish has no standing to audit the One who keeps it as a pet.

God Plays With Him in the Afternoon

Every day, when the work of holding the world together is done, God goes down to the deep and plays with him. The creature that would have ended creation rolls in the black water like a dog let into a yard, and the Almighty spends the last hour of the day with the most dangerous thing He ever made. The terror of the fifth day is God's evening company. He built it, He leashed it, and He cannot quite bring Himself to be finished with it.

Three Beasts, Three Kingdoms

He did not stop at the sea. On dry land He set Behemoth, a bull so vast he strips the grass from a thousand hills in a morning and swallows the Jordan in one pull without lifting his mouth. In the air He hung the Ziz, a bird standing in the ocean with its head in the clouds, whose open wings blot out the sun at noon. Sea, land, and air, each under a creature too large to be ruled. And into the thin, warm seam between them God set human beings, small and short-lived and easy to break, and gave them, in place of size, a law and a Sabbath and a roof that folds.

The Feast at the End of the World

At the end of days the larder opens. The salt is rinsed from the meat that has waited since the fifth day. Behemoth is brought up from the land and Leviathan from the sea, and the two of them are loosed against each other one last time, horn against tail, until both go still. Then the righteous sit down to eat the beasts that once frightened the world into prayer. God stretches the great hide above them for shade, a sukkah roofed in armor no blade ever cut, and whatever skin is left He hangs on the walls of Jerusalem until the gleam runs to the ends of the earth. The thing no hook could hold is carved onto the plates of the saved. The mouth that breathed fire becomes a blessing muttered over dinner. The sea kept its monster all the way to the final day, and on that day the monster became the meal.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

9 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews, I. The Creation Of The World, The Fifth DayLegends of the Jews

The fifth day of creation was all about bringing forth life into the waters and the skies.

The Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, tells us that God took fire and water, seemingly opposing elements, and from them fashioned the fishes of the sea. And get this: the number of water-dwelling animals dwarfs those on land! For nearly every land animal (except maybe the weasel, for some reason!), there's a corresponding creature in the sea, plus a whole host more that exist only in the watery depths.

Who rules this vast underwater kingdom? Why, it's Leviathan! This isn't just any fish; it's the fish. Leviathan, along with all the other sea creatures, was created on the fifth day. The story goes that initially, God created a male and female Leviathan, but fearing that their combined power could obliterate the Earth, He… well, He took care of the female. Let's just say she was "put into brine" to be preserved for a future, very special occasion.

Leviathan is so colossal that to quench his thirst, he needs all the water flowing from the Jordan River into the sea. Imagine that! And when he's hungry, a hot breath blasts from his nostrils, causing the ocean to churn and boil. Even Behemot, another monstrous creature, feels uneasy until he knows Leviathan has had his fill.

Now, you might think nothing could keep such a behemoth in check, but there's one tiny fish, the stickleback, that Leviathan fears. Apparently, this little fish was specifically created to keep the big guy in line. Talk about David and Goliath!

But Leviathan isn't just about size and power. He's also a being of incredible beauty. His fins radiate light so brilliant they can obscure the sun. His eyes shine with such splendor that they light up the sea. It's no wonder the text describes him as God's plaything, a creature in whom He takes delight.

But here’s the kicker: Leviathan has a bit of a… hygiene problem. His foul odor is so potent that if it were to reach Paradise, it would make the place uninhabitable. So, what's the deal with this massive, odorous, yet magnificent creature? Well, according to tradition, Leviathan isn't just swimming around for kicks. He has a destiny.

His ultimate purpose? To be served as a delicacy to the righteous in the world to come! Remember that female Leviathan preserved in brine? She’s part of the meal! The male Leviathan is destined to offer a spectacular sight before being consumed.

When the time comes, God will summon the angels to battle Leviathan. But Leviathan is so formidable that the angels will flee in terror at the mere sight of him. Swords will bounce off his scales like straw, and darts and stones will simply rebound without leaving a mark. Dejected, the angels will give up, and God will command Leviathan and Behemot to fight each other. The battle will end with both monsters dead – Behemot slain by Leviathan's fins, and Leviathan killed by Behemot's tail.

From Leviathan's skin, God will construct tents to shelter the righteous while they feast on his flesh. Each person will receive a portion according to their merits, with no envy or resentment. What remains of Leviathan's skin will be stretched over Jerusalem as a canopy, illuminating the entire world. And the leftover flesh? It will be distributed among the rest of humanity for trade.

But the fifth day wasn't just about sea creatures. It was also the day the birds were created. Fish and birds are seen as closely related. Fish are formed from water, while birds are made from marshy, water-saturated ground. And just as Leviathan reigns over the fishes, the Ziz rules over the birds.

The Ziz gets its name from the variety of flavors its flesh possesses – "it tastes like this (zeh), and like that (zeh)." According to Ginzberg, the Ziz is as enormous as Leviathan, with ankles resting on the earth and its head reaching the sky. There's even a story of travelers who mistook the Ziz standing in shallow water for a safe place to bathe, only to be warned by a heavenly voice of the unimaginable depth!

The Ziz's wings are so massive that they darken the sun when unfurled, protecting the Earth from the destructive storms of the south. One time, a rotten Ziz egg fell to the ground, causing a flood that destroyed sixty cities and crushed three hundred cedars. Yikes!

The Ziz is also known as Renanin, the celestial singer. He's also called Sekwi, "the seer," due to his connection to the heavens. And "son of the nest," because his young break free from the shell directly from the nest, without needing to be hatched.

Like Leviathan, the Ziz is destined to be a delicacy served to the righteous at the end of time, a reward for abstaining from unclean fowl. As we find in Midrash Rabbah, everything in creation has a purpose, even the most fantastical creatures.

So, the next time you look up at the sky or out at the ocean, remember the fifth day of creation. Remember Leviathan and the Ziz, these colossal, wondrous beings, and the promise of a time when even they will play a part in the ultimate reward. What does it all mean? Perhaps it reminds us that even in the most bizarre and seemingly impractical aspects of our tradition, there are layers of meaning, hinting at a future beyond our wildest imaginations.

Full source
Bava Batra 74b-75aTalmud Bavli, Bava Batra

Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: Everything that the Holy One, blessed be He, created in His world, He created male and female. Even the Leviathan the slant serpent and the Leviathan the tortuous serpent He created male and female; and had they mated with one another, they would have destroyed the entire world.

What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He castrated the male and killed the female and salted it for the righteous in the time to come, as it is said: "And He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea" (Isaiah 27:1).

And the behemoth on the thousand mountains too He created male and female; and had they mated with one another, they would have destroyed the entire world. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He castrated the male and cooled the female and preserved it for the righteous in the time to come, as it is said: "Behold now, his strength is in his loins" (Job 40:16), this is the male, "and his force is in the muscles of his belly," this is the female.

Full source
Bava Batra 74bTalmud Bavli, Bava

"And God created the great sea-monsters" (Genesis 1:21). Here they translated it: the sea-gazelles. Rabbi Yohanan said: this is Leviathan the slant serpent and Leviathan the coiled serpent, as it is said, "On that day the LORD with His hard sword will punish" (Isaiah 27:1).

Rav Yehudah said in the name of Rav: everything that the Holy One, blessed be He, created in His world, He created male and female. So too Leviathan the slant serpent and Leviathan the coiled serpent He created male and female; and had they coupled with one another they would have destroyed the entire world. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He castrated the male and killed the female and salted her away for the righteous in the time to come, as it is said, "and He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea" (Isaiah 27:1).

And so too the Behemoth on the thousand mountains, He created male and female; and had they coupled with one another they would have destroyed the entire world. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He castrated the male and cooled the female and preserved her for the righteous in the time to come, as it is said, "Behold now his strength is in his loins" (Job 40:16), this is the male, "and his force is in the muscles of his belly" (Job 40:16), this is the female.

And Rav Yehudah said in the name of Rav: the Jordan issues from the cave of Pamias, and flows through the Sea of Sivkhi and through the Sea of Tiberias, and rolls down into the Great Sea; and it rolls down until it reaches the mouth of Leviathan, as it is said, "he is confident though the Jordan rushes against his mouth" (Job 40:23).

Full source
Bava Batra 73aTalmud Bavli, Bava

And Rabbah bar bar Channah said: One time we were traveling on a ship, and we saw a certain bird that was standing up to its ankles in the water, with its head in the sky. And we said: There is no water here, and we wanted to go down to cool ourselves off. But a heavenly voice came forth and said to us:

"Do not go down here, for an axe fell from a carpenter's hand here seven years ago, and it has not yet reached the ground." And this was not because the water was deep, but because the water was swift. Rav Ashi said: And that bird was the Ziz of the field, as it is written:

"And the Ziz of the field is with Me" (Psalms 50:11).

Full source
Pesikta Rabbati 51Pesikta Rabbati

" And perhaps no holiday embodies this more beautifully than Sukkot (the Festival of Tabernacles).

Sukkot, the Feast of Booths, or Tabernacles. It's a time we build temporary shelters, sukkot (singular: sukkah), to remember the Israelites' wandering in the desert after the Exodus from Egypt. We wave the lulav, a cluster of palm, myrtle, and willow branches, together with the etrog, a citron fruit, giving thanks for the harvest.

What happens to all this… later?

In some fascinating traditions, Sukkot isn't just for this world. It's a practice that transcends realms. As Howard Schwartz tells us in Tree of Souls, a collection of Jewish myths, in the World to Come, when Israel is reborn, we will still be waving the lulav and praising God!

Can you imagine? Generations upon generations, continuing the same beautiful ritual.

But it gets even better. The lulav, that humble cluster of branches, holds incredible power. So great is its merit, we are told, that in reward for observing this mitzvah, this commandment, God will bring justice. God will punish Israel's enemies, rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, and bring the Messiah. It’s a pretty powerful image, isn’t it?

And the sukkah itself? It won't be left behind either. God will build a sukkah for the righteous in the World to Come! A heavenly sukkah, far grander than anything we could construct here.

And within that celestial dwelling, something truly special occurs. The tradition says that the people will dwell in that heavenly sukkah, and the Seven Shepherds, figures of great spiritual leadership, will visit each and every sukkah, each of the seven days of Sukkot. Think of it: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joseph, and David, gracing our humble shelters with their presence.

What does this all mean? Well, on the surface, it means that the good deeds we do here have cosmic implications. The rituals we perform now, the joy we express, it all echoes into eternity. It’s a powerful idea, isn't it? That our actions have such lasting significance.

This myth highlights that the mitzvot, the commandments, aren't just empty gestures. They are acts of creation, building bridges between worlds. The Sukkot ritual, in particular, serves as an example of a ritual that will be performed "on high," as Schwartz notes.

So, as you sit in your sukkah this year, waving your lulav and enjoying the company of loved ones, remember that you're not just celebrating a holiday. You are participating in a cosmic drama, a tradition that spans across time and worlds, connecting you to something far greater than yourself. And maybe, just maybe, you'll catch a glimpse of those Seven Shepherds, paying a visit to your humble dwelling.

Full source
Bava Batra 73bTalmud Bavli, Bava

And Rabbah bar bar Hanah said: One time we were going through the wilderness, and we saw those geese whose feathers were falling off from their fatness, and rivers of fat flowed beneath them. I said to them, "Shall we have a portion of you in the World to Come?" One raised a wing for me, and one raised a thigh. When I came before Rabbi Elazar, he said to me, "Israel are destined to be called to account on their behalf."

Full source
Legends of the Jews 1:52Legends of the Jews

Genesis tells us that on the fifth day, God populated the waters with fish and the skies with birds. But did you know that Jewish tradition sees a deeper connection between these creatures? According to some accounts, birds and fish were even created on the same day because they're so closely related! Fish are formed from water, and birds from marshy ground, saturated with water. They're kin, in a way.

Just as the vast ocean has its king, Leviathan, so too does the sky have its ruler: the Ziz (זיז).

The Ziz…

Its very name is fascinating. The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) tells us that the name "Ziz" hints at the variety of flavors found in its meat. It tastes "like this" (zeh) and "like that" (zeh). Imagine, a single creature offering a multitude of tastes! What a marvel!

But the Ziz isn’t just delicious, it is also absolutely gigantic. We're not talking about some ordinary eagle here. This bird is massive. The legends say its ankles rest on the earth, and its head reaches the very sky! It's a creature of mythic proportions, a fitting counterpart to the mighty Leviathan of the sea. – a bird whose head brushes the heavens!

What purpose does such a creature serve? Why would God create something so immense? Perhaps the Ziz, like Leviathan, represents the awe-inspiring power and boundless creativity of the Creator. Maybe it's a reminder that there are wonders beyond our comprehension, creatures whose scale dwarfs our own.

The Talmud and Midrashim are filled with similar symbolic creatures. The Behemoth, Leviathan, and Ziz are not just animals, but powerful symbols.

So, the next time you see a bird soaring overhead, remember the legend of the Ziz. Remember the ancient stories that connect the creatures of the earth, the sea, and the sky. It might just change the way you see the world.

Full source
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 11:4Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer

It tells us that on the sixth day of creation, God brought forth from the earth a beast so massive it sprawls across a thousand hills. A creature so large it uses entire mountain ranges as its personal La-Z-Boy.

The appetite? Forget grazing; this is more like landscape architecture. Every day, Behemoth chows down on the verdant growth of a thousand hills. But here's the kicker: overnight, the vegetation regrows as if it were never touched! It’s like a divine all-you-can-eat buffet that magically replenishes itself. As it says in (Job 40:20), "Surely the mountains bring him forth food."

So, where does a beast of this magnitude quench its thirst? The Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer continues, telling us the waters of the Jordan River itself provide Behemoth’s refreshment. But not just any Jordan River – the Jordan, encircling the entire earth, half flowing above and half below. It's a cosmic river system that feeds this epic creature. "He is confident, though Jordan swell even to his mouth" (Job 40:23).

The story doesn't end there.

This magnificent, gargantuan beast has a destiny. It's not just wandering around, eating hills and drinking rivers for eternity. the verse says, Behemoth is destined for the day of sacrifice, for the great banquet of the righteous. A celestial feast of epic proportions! The Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer quotes (Job 40:19), "He only that made him can make his sword to approach unto him." Only God, the creator of this incredible creature, can ultimately bring it to its purpose.

So, what does it all mean? Is it just a wild tale of a giant beast? Maybe. But within Jewish tradition, these stories often carry deeper meaning.

Perhaps Behemoth represents the untamed power of creation, the raw, unbridled force that only God can control. Or maybe it's a reminder that even the largest, most intimidating things in the world have a purpose within the divine plan.

Whatever the interpretation, the story of Behemoth leaves us with a sense of awe and wonder at the vastness and mystery of God's creation. And it certainly makes you think twice about your next all-you-can-eat buffet!

Full source
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 12:4Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

"Sea monsters" is written [in the singular spelling], this is Leviathan, and Behemoth, who have no mates. Resh Lakish said: Behemoth has a mate, but it has no desire, as it is said, "The sinews of his thighs are knit together" (Job 40:17). "And let birds fly", this hyena [the tzavua] comes from a drop of white, and it has three hundred sixty-five colors, like the number of days of the solar year.

Rabbi Yirmiyah Kahana asked Resh Lakish: one who mates creatures of the sea together, what is the law? He said to him: of them too it is written "after its kind", so then the prohibition of forbidden mixtures applies to them. But is not "after its kind" written concerning fish as well, and how would one transgress it? Rabbi Yonah said: I can establish a case under the heading of "driving", I bring two fish, one black and one white, and I tie them with a reed and draw them along, for we have learned it is forbidden to plow, to draw, and to drive [diverse kinds together]. "And all winged birds", this is the peacock.

"Let the earth bring forth a living soul" (Genesis 1:24), this is the spirit of the first man, and so it says, "and the man became a living soul" (Genesis 2:7). "And God made the beast of the earth after its kind" (Genesis 1:25), this is the serpent. Concerning souls He says four [creatures], and concerning bodies He says three. These are the demons, whose souls the Holy One, blessed be He, created, and He was about to create their bodies, but the Sabbath was sanctified and He did not create them, to teach you proper conduct from the Torah: that if a person has in hand a fine object or a fine pearl on the eve of Sabbath at dusk, they say to him, cast it from your hand. For He who spoke and the world came to be was engaged in the creation of the world, and He created the souls of the demons and the Sabbath was sanctified and He did not create their bodies.

Full source