Parshat Kedoshim

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The holiness code: love your neighbor, respect parents, keep Shabbat, honest dealings, and ethical commandments. Leviticus 19:1-20:27.

Marriage of Solomon

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 12:5

Rabbi Yudan tells us that for seven long years, as Solomon built the Beit Hamikdash, the Temple, he abstained from wine. A monumental achievement. But the moment he finished, the m...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesKing David

To Punish the Righteous Is Not Good Says Proverbs

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 20:6

Vayikra Rabbah, specifically chapter 20, dives right into this difficult territory. It starts with a quote from Proverbs (17:26): “To punish also the righteous is not good." It's a...

MosesSolomonTempleProphecy

Aaron Enters the Holy of Holies With Bull and Ram

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 21:1

And it's one that the ancient rabbis understood deeply. They wrestled with these feelings in their interpretations of scripture, offering us a timeless roadmap for finding strength...

Hell/GehennaJosephMosesKing David

What the High Priest's Eight Garments Really Symbolized

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 21:10

The ancient rabbis certainly did! They saw profound symbolism woven into every thread, especially when it came to the garments of the Kohen Gadol, the High Priest. : the High Pries...

Noah & FloodSolomonTorahTemple

A Gnat Killed Titus and God Uses Any Creature as a Messenger

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 22:3

Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic interpretations on the Book of Leviticus, explores this idea in a fascinating way. It begins with the v...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesTorah

Levi's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 22:10

It’s a fascinating idea, and one that Vayikra Rabbah (Leviticus Rabbah), specifically section 22, explores in a surprisingly beautiful way. The passage begins by quoting (Psalm 146...

CreationHeavenCreaturesAdam & Eve

Egypt and Canaan as Warnings Against Forbidden Ways

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:9

In Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Book of Leviticus, we find a powerful exploration of this idea. It all starts with a seemingly simple verse: "You shall...

CreationNoah & FloodJosephMoses

God Is Exalted Whether Through Kindness or Through Judgment

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 24:2

Rabbi Berekhya, quoting Rabbi Levi, puts it so powerfully. He says that King David proclaimed, "You, Lord, are forever exalted" (Psalms 92:9). What does it mean to say God is alway...

Hell/GehennaNoah & FloodMosesKing David

Shelters and Canopies in the Garden of Eden for the Righteous

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:2

Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Yirmeya, citing Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, paint this incredible picture: The Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to craft shelters and canopies in the Garden of E...

HeavenAdam & EveKing DavidTorah

God's Pure Sayings Versus the Broken Promises of Kings

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 26:1

Our sages explore this very idea in Vayikra Rabbah 26, drawing out fascinating contrasts between human promises and divine pronouncements. The passage opens with a verse from Levit...

CreationMosesKing DavidTorah

Ezekiel's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:3

A song, a smell, a place... and suddenly you're right back there, feeling the weight of it all over again. Jewish tradition is keenly aware of this power of association, and how ea...

HeavenJosephMosesTorah

Rabbi Shimon and the Torah of Shabbat

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:10

It’s more than just a random rule. to Vayikra Rabbah 27 and see what wisdom we can uncover. "A bull, a sheep, or a goat, when it is born, shall be seven days under its mother." Why...

TorahHoly LandShabbatSacrifice

Why the Number Seven Is Woven Into All of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:11

In Jewish tradition, the number seven is definitely one of those numbers. It’s not just a random figure; it's woven into the very fabric of our understanding of the world and our r...

CreationHeavenAdam & EvePatriarchs

Hashanah — Reish Lakish at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:12

The story begins with two prominent scholars, Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish, deep in discussion. They were grappling with a seemingly simple question: Should the shofar (ram's hor...

CreationTorahTempleProphecy

World to Come of David

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:2

King David certainly did. In Vayikra Rabbah 30, we find a fascinating exploration of just that – David's quest for the "way of life" and "abundant joy," as he puts it in (Psalm 16:...

CreationHeavenMosesKing David

Blasphemy Betrays the Intelligence God Gave Us Over Animals

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:2

This isn't just about political correctness; it's about the power of our words, our thoughts, and their ripple effects in the cosmos. Rabbi Avin kicks things off with a powerful id...

AngelsMosesKing DavidSolomon

“And her tears are on her cheeks [leḥya],” over her

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:25

“And her tears are on her cheeks [leḥya],” over her priests, just as it says: “He shall give to the priest the foreleg, the jaw [haleḥayayim], and the maw” (Deuteronomy 18:3). Alte...

TempleHoly LandJudgesJudgment

“Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and her

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:34

“Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and her wretchedness, all her delights that she had from the days of old; with the fall of her people into the hand of the adver...

TorahExileShabbatCharity

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:1

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath. He cast the splendor of Israel from the heavens to the earth, and did not remember His footstool on the day of His wrat...

TorahExileRedemptionProphecy

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:3

“And did not remember His footstool [hadom raglav],” Rabbi Ḥanina bar Yitzḥak said: The Holy One blessed be He does not remember that blood [hadam] that was between the legs of the...

CreationTorahExilePatriarchs

“All wayfarers clapped their hands over you; they whistled

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:19

“All wayfarers clapped their hands over you; they whistled and shook their heads at the daughter of Jerusalem: Is this the city that was said to be perfect beauty, the joy of the e...

ProphecyHoly LandJerusalemJoy

“He has broken my teeth with gravel, covered me in ashes”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:6

“He has broken my teeth with gravel, covered me in ashes” (Lamentations 3:16).“He has broken my teeth with gravel” – there was an incident involving the son of Rabbi Ḥananya ben Te...

RedemptionProphecyDivine justiceWisdom

“Remember my affliction and my anguish, wormwood and gall”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:7

“Remember my affliction and my anguish, wormwood and gall” (Lamentations 3:19).“Remember my affliction and my anguish [umrudi]” – the congregation of Israel says before the Holy On...

TorahRedemptionProphecyWisdom

“You are covered with wrath and have pursued us; You have

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:15

“You are covered with wrath and have pursued us; You have killed, did not have compassion. You have covered Yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass. You have rendered us f...

ProphecyPrayerRepentanceCharity

“How has gold tarnished, the fine gold changed

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:1

“How has gold tarnished, the fine gold changed? The sacred stones are spilled at the head of every street” (Lamentations 4:1).“How has gold tarnished [yuam]?” Rabbi Shmuel said: Ho...

TorahExileProphecyDeath

“The hands of merciful women cooked their children; they

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:13

“The hands of merciful women cooked their children; they were food for them in the disaster of the daughter of my people” (Lamentations 4:10).“The hands of merciful women cooked th...

TorahDeathCharityHoly Land

“The blind wandered in the streets, having been sullied

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:17

“The blind wandered in the streets, having been sullied with blood, so that one could not touch their garments” (Lamentations 4:14).“The blind wandered in the streets.” The blind a...

WisdomViolenceHumorTragedy

“Remember, Lord, what befell us; look, and see our

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:1

“Remember, Lord, what befell us; look, and see our disgrace” (Lamentations 5:1).“Remember, Lord, what befell us.” Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “The greyhound, or the goat” (Proverbs 30:31)...

TorahExileProphecyWisdom

“Our skin burns like an oven due to fear of famine”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:10

“Our skin burns like an oven due to fear of famine” (Lamentations 5:10).“Our skin burns like an oven.” Two amora’im, one said: Like those sun-withered dates; and one said: Like an ...

WisdomHeresyTragedy

Another matter — “One hundred and twenty-seven provinces”

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:7

Another matter: “One hundred and twenty-seven provinces” – Rabbi Yuda and Rabbi Neḥemya: Rabbi Yuda said: He conquered seven that were as difficult as twenty; he conquered twenty t...

WisdomAdam & EveEsther

“And governors of the provinces before him

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:20

“And governors of the provinces before him.” Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman: Rabbi Elazar said: Like the court in Geder, where the king sits in judgment above, and all th...

Divine justiceEstherKingsHumor

“Have the king appoint officials in all the provinces of

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 5:3

“Have the king appoint officials in all the provinces of his kingdom and they will gather every virgin young woman of fair appearance to the Shushan citadel, to the harem, to the c...

ExileProphecyHoly LandKings

Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Levi — The Holy One

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:7

Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Levi: The Holy One blessed be He said to them, to Israel: You wept and said: “We have become orphans, fatherless” (Lamentations 5:3). By yo...

Holy LandTribesEstherWomen of the Bible

“The king loved Esther more than all the women, and she

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:11

“The king loved Esther more than all the women, and she found favor and grace in his eyes more than all the virgins. He set the royal crown on her head, and made her queen in place...

WisdomEstherKingsWomen of the Bible

What did Mordekhai say to someone who would say to him

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:8

What did Mordekhai say to someone who would say to him: “Why are you violating the king’s command?” (Esther 3:3) Rabbi Levi said: Mordekhai would say: ‘Moses our master cautioned u...

TorahPatriarchsMosesProphecy

“Haman said to King Aḥashverosh — There is one people that

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:12

“Haman said to King Aḥashverosh: There is one people that is scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from every peo...

TorahAngelsDivine justiceWisdom

“The king removed his ring from his hand and gave it to

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:20

“The king removed his ring from his hand and gave it to Haman, son of Hamedata the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews” (Esther 3:10).“The king removed his ring from his hand and gave i...

Divine justiceHoly LandEstherKings

“And in each and every province, any place where the word

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 8:2

“And in each and every province, any place where the word of the king and his decree reached, there was great mourning among the Jews” (Esther 4:3).Is there great mourning and mino...

WisdomAdam & EveEstherDeath

After he erected the gibbet, he went to Mordekhai and found

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 9:4

After he erected the gibbet, he went to Mordekhai and found that he was sitting in the study hall with the children sitting before him, with sackcloth on their waists, engaging in ...

TorahMosesDivine justiceCovenant

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 10:11

“The Jews gathered in their cities in all the provinces of King Aḥashverosh, to lay hand on those who sought their harm. And no one stood against them for the fear of them had fall...

ProphecyHoly LandAnimalsEsther

Why the Word 'Vayhi' Always Signals Disaster

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 11

The rabbis of Esther Rabbah made a stunning claim: every time the Hebrew word vayhi ("it was") appears in the Torah, it signals disaster. Rabbi Tanhuma, Rabbi Berekhya, and Rabbi H...

CreationTorahExileRedemption

Angels Attend to Abraham

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:19

Isn't it fascinating how often we grapple with the line between respect and worship? Where do we draw that boundary? It's a question that goes right to the heart of Jewish thought....

AngelsAdam & EvePatriarchsTorah

Can Elijah Really Appear to Someone After Death

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:1

It’s a question that’s been wrestled with for centuries in Jewish tradition. What if someone says Elijah himself appeared to them? According to some, that person might be peddling ...

ElijahTorahProphecy

Solomon and the Fires of Gehenna

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:9

It's a harsh rebuke, a stark reminder of the damage that lashon hara – evil speech – can inflict. The writer directly confronts his friend, accusing him of believing falsehoods wit...

Hell/GehennaMosesSolomonTorah

A Fiery Debate Over Questions of Faith and Reason

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:10

We've all been there. And sometimes, the debate gets heated! Imagine a conversation, or rather, a spirited disagreement, where someone feels like their carefully considered questio...

HeavenMosesPrayerRepentance

Torah Was Meant to Be Questioned, Not Mindlessly Recited

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:16

Someone is being called out for criticizing the act of diligently seeking to understand the sacred texts. The response is sharp: "Who gave you the authority to seek and investigate...

CreationHeavenKing DavidTorah

The Many Names of God and the Necessary Existence

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:17

We call Him by names like YHWH and Adonai, and our sages, may their memory be a blessing, refer to Him as HaKadosh Baruch Hu, "The Holy One, Blessed be He." But what does it all me...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesKing David

Shimon — Adam at the Dawn of Creation

Other Texts The Wars of God 4:1

It’s a question that’s occupied mystics and scholars for centuries. And some of the most fascinating answers can be found within the rich tapestry of Jewish esoteric thought. to a ...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveMoses