Parshat Mishpatim

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A collection of civil and criminal laws covering slavery, damages, lending, and the covenant ceremony at Sinai. Exodus 21:1-24:18.

Legend of Rabbi Eliezer

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 212:4

The verse in question (Deuteronomy 21:12) deals with the laws concerning a captured woman whom a Jewish man wishes to marry. It says, "...and she shall shave her head and she shall...

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The Beautiful Captive Woman You Will Stop Desiring

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 214:1

The Torah, in its surprisingly blunt way, actually addresses this very human experience. We find it in the book of Devarim (Deuteronomy), specifically 21:14. It deals with the laws...

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Rabbis — Torah Law in Detail

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 214:5

to one such passage from Sifrei Devarim, specifically dealing with the laws concerning a captured woman. It's a fascinating glimpse into ancient ethics and sensitivities. The verse...

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The Loved Wife, the Hated Wife, and the Firstborn

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 215:4

This particular passage in Sifrei Devarim 215, grapples with a challenging scenario—a man who has both a "loved" wife and a "hated" wife, as the Torah phrases it. It comes from (De...

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Inheritance Law and the Disputed Firstborn Status

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 216:1

We often focus on the big stories, the sweeping narratives, but sometimes the real magic lies in the small print. to a fascinating corner of Sifrei Devarim, the Book of Deuteronomy...

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The Commandment to Return a Lost Animal

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 222:5

The Torah, in Devarim (Deuteronomy) 22:2, tells us, "You shall not see the ox of your brother or his sheep going astray and ignore them. You must take them back to your brother." S...

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Finding a Lost Lamb and Our Duty to Return It

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 222:7

The Torah, in the book of Devarim (Deuteronomy), actually has something to say about this. It might surprise you. We find in Sifrei Devarim, a collection of early legal commentarie...

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Rabbi Yehudah Studies Torah

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 225:1

The ancient rabbis grappled with this very idea when interpreting the Torah’s laws about lost objects and helping others. It all boils down to this: What level of loss compels us t...

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Why the Mother Bird Law Applies Only to Wild Birds

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 227:10

But as we dig into the depths of Jewish tradition, we discover that even the most seemingly straightforward laws can hold profound ethical and spiritual insights. Our little puzzle...

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Finding a Bird's Nest and the Moral Tug We All Feel

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 228:1

Ever stumble upon a bird's nest, maybe with a mother bird watching nearby, and feel that tug of... something? A moral question lurking beneath the surface? Well, Jewish tradition h...

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Build a New House and Build a Railing - Safety and Torah Law

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 229:1

Sometimes we get so caught up in the big stories, the grand narratives, that we miss the everyday wisdom tucked away in seemingly simple laws. Take, for example, the verse in Devar...

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Why the Torah Says to Build a Fence on Your Roof

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 229:4

It's easy to get lost in the grand narratives, the sweeping commandments... but sometimes, the Divine instruction comes down to something as simple as building a fence around your ...

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Why You Cannot Mix Wool and Linen Together

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 232:5

We're going to dive into one of those today – the fascinating world of kilayim (כלאים), the laws forbidding the mixing of certain things. Specifically, we're talking about wool and...

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Rabbi Yehudah and the Torah

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 249:3

Ever stumble upon a seemingly minor detail in the Torah and think, "There HAS to be more to this?" I know I do! And sometimes, digging into those details unlocks a whole world of f...

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Bilaam Remembered

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 250:1

We're looking at laws concerning who can and cannot enter the congregation of Israel. It's a topic that might seem distant, but it raises profound questions about forgiveness, coll...

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Secrets Within Torah of Egyptians

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 252:3

Because "you were a stranger in his land." It sounds simple enough, but Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah digs deeper. The Egyptians, let's be real, weren’t exactly acting out of pure altru...

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Levirate Marriage and the Forbidden Divorce Condition

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 269:9

The core of the discussion revolves around a complex scenario: a woman is divorced (receives a get) from her husband, but as part of the divorce agreement, a condition is set – let...

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Conditional Divorce and the Proper Delivery of a Get

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 269:13

Hand to hand, transaction complete. But as with so much in Jewish law, scratching the surface reveals layers of fascinating complexity. to a passage from Sifrei Devarim, a collecti...

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That Remembered

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 270:1

to a seemingly small, but hugely important, detail about divorce, or get (גֵּט), in Jewish tradition. We're looking at Sifrei Devarim, a collection of legal interpretations on the ...

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You Shall Not Lie Down with His Pledge

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 277:4

The Torah, in its infinite wisdom, grapples with this very feeling, especially when it comes to the vulnerable in our society. In the book of Devarim (Deuteronomy), we find a seemi...

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Reward for Resisting Temptation You Already Despise

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 286:17

This particular section, 286, explores the idea of reward and punishment, and what it truly means to be righteous. Rabbi Shimon Berebbi kicks things off with a compelling argument....

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Fairness and Dignity in the Small Details of Torah Law

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 287:3

It's easy to get lost in the big pronouncements, the grand commandments, but sometimes, the most beautiful details are the ones that speak to everyday life, to fairness, and to sim...

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Levirate Marriage and the Brother with Wrong Intentions

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 288:6

The goal? To continue the deceased brother's lineage. But what happens if things get complicated? What if the brother isn't exactly… careful in his intentions? The Sifrei Devarim, ...

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The Purpose and Obligation of Levirate Marriage

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 289:1

We're talking about yibum, often translated as levirate marriage. It's a fascinating, and sometimes perplexing, practice outlined in the Book of Deuteronomy (Sefer Devarim). Imagin...

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The Law of Levirate Marriage in Deuteronomy

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 290:1

It’s a question that echoes through Jewish law, and today we're going to peek into one very specific corner of it. We're diving into a passage from Sifrei Devarim, a collection of ...

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The Ceremony of Refusing Levirate Marriage

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 290:4

We find it in Sifrei Devarim 290, part of the legal commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy. The passage deals with a very specific situation: a man who refuses to go through with a ...

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The Ritual of Yibum and the Reluctant Brother

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 291:1

Like you stumble across something in the Torah that makes you stop and say, "Wait, what?" Well, buckle up, because we're about to dive into one of those moments, straight from the ...

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The Shoe Ceremony That Releases Levirate Duty

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 291:6

We're talking about chalitzah (חליצה), the ceremony of the shoe. But not just any shoe. This ritual, detailed in Deuteronomy, comes into play when a man dies childless, leaving his...

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The Shoe Ceremony of Chalitzah and Levirate Duty

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 291:10

Jewish tradition understands that feeling, especially when it comes to family obligations. Today, we're diving into a fascinating corner of Jewish law, a ritual known as chalitzah,...

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When Men Strive Together and a Woman Intervenes

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 292:4

The passage begins with the seemingly simple phrase, "If men strive together." But who exactly is included in this "striving"? The text asks whether this applies only to conflicts ...

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Legend of Rabbi Yehudah

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 320:1

It’s even found a reflection in our ancient texts. We're going to dive into a short but powerful passage from Sifrei Devarim, specifically section 320. It’s a fascinating little gl...

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Decoding the Hidden Acronym Inside the Word Afeihem

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 322:1

Now, afeihem isn't just a random word. It's a puzzle box of meaning, according to the ancient commentary on Deuteronomy called Sifrei Devarim. So, what’s the secret? The Sifrei Dev...

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Put Your Hearts Into Learning - The Structure of Torah Study

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 335:1

Our tradition understands that truly absorbing wisdom takes more than just passively hearing. It demands our full attention – heart, mind, and soul. The book of Devarim (Deuteronom...

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Moses Pleads with God - Why Must I Die Before Entering

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 339:1

It’s a question that’s plagued humanity for millennia, and it’s a question that even Moses himself wrestled with. Imagine being Moses, the man who led the Israelites out of slavery...

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Mount Sinai in Joseph's Time

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 343:10

Sifrei Devarim, a collection of legal midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)im (interpretations) on the Book of Deuteronomy, gives us a fascinating breakdown. It suggests there...

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The Scholar Who Died for Sleeping Too Close

Midrash Aggadah Avot DeRabbi Natan 2

A man who had mastered Scripture, studied the Mishnah, and served many scholars dropped dead in the middle of his life. His widow seized his tefillin (leather phylacteries worn dur...

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Avot DeRabbi Natan 19

Midrash Aggadah Avot DeRabbi Natan 19

‘Aḳabya b. Mahalalel said: Whosoever takes four things to heart1Cf. Aboth 3:1 (Sonc. ed., p. 26) where the more popular version reads: ‘Consider three things’, etc., omitting the t...

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Hagar Was Pharaoh's Daughter Who Saw God and Lived

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Genesis 16

The Hebrew Bible calls Hagar a "maidservant." The Targum Jonathan, an ancient Aramaic translation of the Torah composed in the land of Israel, calls her a daughter of Pharaoh. That...

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God Sent Rain Before Fire on Sodom as a Last Chance

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Genesis 19

The destruction of Sodom in Genesis 19 is swift and merciless. Fire and brimstone rain down, and the city is gone. But the Targum Jonathan inserts a detail that changes everything:...

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A Thief Caught at Night Could Be Killed, but Not by Day

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 22

The property and social laws of (Exodus 22) are terse in the Hebrew Bible. The Targum Jonathan expands them with legal reasoning, precise conditions, and moral commentary that tran...

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Abraham's Tree Became the Tabernacle's Living Bar

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 26

The standard biblical text of (Exodus 26:1-37) reads like a construction manual. Ten curtains of fine linen, fifty gold clasps, boards of acacia wood, silver bases. The ancient Ara...

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Bezalel Shaped the Cherubim by Prophetic Wisdom

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 37

Bezalel built the Ark, the Table, the Candelabrum, and the Incense Altar in (Exodus 37:1-29). The Hebrew text describes each object's dimensions. The Targum Jonathan explains how a...

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The Secret Banners of the Twelve Tribes

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Numbers 2

The Hebrew Bible says the Israelites camped by their tribal standards (Numbers 2:2). It never describes what was on them. The Targum Jonathan fills that silence with a riot of colo...

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The Miraculous Worms That Found the Murderer

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 21

The unsolved murder ritual in (Deuteronomy 21) is already strange in the Torah—elders break a heifer's neck in a barren valley. Targum Jonathan makes it stranger and more spectacul...

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How Bileam's Curses Turned to Blessings in His Mouth

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 23

Targum Jonathan transforms the assembly laws of (Deuteronomy 23) with details that reshape who belongs to Israel and why. A man "born of fornication" cannot enter the congregation—...

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The Torah Written in Seventy Languages on Mount Ebal

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 27

The Torah says write the law on plastered stones after crossing the Jordan. Targum Jonathan says write it "with writing deeply engraven and distinct, which shall be read in one lan...

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When Moses Spoke the Curses the Sun Went Dark

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 28

The blessings of (Deuteronomy 28) receive domestic detail. Being blessed "when you go out" becomes "blessed shall you be in your coming in to your houses of instruction, and blesse...

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Seder Olam Rabbah 29

Midrash Aggadah Seder Olam Rabbah 29

“And in the first year of Cyrus, the king of Persia, at the completion of the word of the Lord from the mouth of Jeremiah, the Lord aroused… So said Cyrus, the king of Persia… Who ...

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