Parshat Noach

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The story of Noah and the great flood, the ark, the covenant of the rainbow, the Tower of Babel, and the generations from Noah to Abraham. Genesis 6:9-11:32.

Aaron — Divine Presence

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 20:4

The passage opens with a quote from the Book of Job: “Does the eagle ascend at your directive?” (Job 39:27). Rabbi Yudan of Gaul uses this verse to ask a powerful question about Aa...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodMoses

Entering the Holy of Holies Armed With Bundles of Good Deeds

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 21:6

What would you bring with you? What could possibly prepare you for such an encounter? Well, Rabbi Yudan, in Vayikra Rabbah 21, offers a fascinating perspective. He interprets the v...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesSolomon

The One Person Who Breaks the Silence in a House of Mourning

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:4

This feeling isn’t new. In fact, the ancient rabbis grappled with it, too, and found profound meaning in it. Rav Ḥanan of Tzippori offers a beautiful interpretation of doing acts o...

Noah & FloodPrayerMourningMusic & Song

Egypt and Canaan as Warnings Against Forbidden Ways

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 23:9

In Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Book of Leviticus, we find a powerful exploration of this idea. It all starts with a seemingly simple verse: "You shall...

CreationNoah & FloodJosephMoses

Saul Among the Heavenly Host

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:8

It all starts with a verse from the Song of Songs (5:15): “His calves [shokav] are pillars of marble [amudei shesh].” But what do calves and marble pillars have to do with… well, a...

AngelsAdam & EveNoah & FloodPatriarchs

The Bull Sheep and Goat That Mirror the Cosmic Balance

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:1

This week, we're diving into Vayikra Rabbah 27, a fascinating exploration of these very questions, sparked by a seemingly simple verse from Leviticus: "A bull, or a sheep, or a goa...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaAdam & Eve

Goliath and the Lawgiver

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:3

In the book of Vayikra, Leviticus, we read a troubling story about the "son of an Israelite woman" who, as the verse says, "went out" (Leviticus 24:10). But...went out from where? ...

CreaturesMosesKing DavidTemple

Divine Statutes That Hold the Stars and Seas in Place

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:4

We often take these things for granted, but Jewish tradition suggests there's a deeper, more profound answer than just physics. It's all about ḥukim (חקים), statutes. But not just ...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodKing David

Kingdom of King Ahaz

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 36:3

Today, we’re diving into a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah 36 that grapples with the legacy of King Ahaz. The verse from Proverbs sets the stage: “One hand to another will ...

HeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchsJoseph

Four People Who Made Reckless Vows and What God Did Next

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 37:4

In Vayikra Rabbah 37, the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) explores this idea through a fascinating lens: vows. Specifically, it looks at instances where individuals made...

CreationCreaturesPatriarchsKing David

There was an incident involving the two children of Tzadok

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:46

There was an incident involving the two children of Tzadok the priest, who were taken captive, one male and one female. This one fell to a certain officer and that one fell to a ce...

WisdomWomen of the BibleNoah & FloodPriesthood

The Enthronement Of Moses

Philo Life of Moses 1:155-158

It sounds radical, I know. According to some accounts, God bestowed immense honor upon Moses, gifting him dominion over the entire earth, the seas, the rivers – all the elements th...

HeavenMessiahTorahPatriarchs

How the Israelites Bowed Before God's Glory Without Idolatry

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:16

It’s a question that has echoes through Jewish tradition, and one that comes up in a fascinating discussion about bowing down, prostration, and the very nature of God’s glory. The ...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaAngels

Why We Honor the Torah Scroll Without Worshipping It

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:18

Are we, heaven forbid, idolaters, bowing down to wood and parchment? Rabbi Menasheh ben Yisrael, of blessed memory, addressed this very concern in his book, Teshuat Yisrael. He fel...

Noah & FloodTorahHumorWit

Ptolemy Bowed Seven Times Before the Torah

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:25

The story goes that when the seventy-two elders presented it to him, he didn't just nod politely. He rose from his throne, and prostrated himself before it not once, but seven time...

Noah & FloodJosephMosesKing David

We Bow to God Through the Torah, Not to the Scroll

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:26

Our tradition teaches us a vital principle: we don't prostrate ourselves before the Sefer Torah, the Torah scroll itself. It's not about worshipping parchment and ink. Instead, as ...

Noah & FloodPatriarchsTorah

The Many Names of God and the Necessary Existence

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:17

We call Him by names like YHWH and Adonai, and our sages, may their memory be a blessing, refer to Him as HaKadosh Baruch Hu, "The Holy One, Blessed be He." But what does it all me...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesKing David

Philo on Why Cain Was Cursed to Groan and Tremble

Philo The Midrash of Philo 12:1

This comes from the story of Cain, right after, well, you know. He's just murdered his brother Abel, and God confronts him. The earth itself is now cursed because of the spilled bl...

CreationDivine justiceHumorAdam & Eve

Philo Says Flesh Means Devotion to Self-Love

Philo The Midrash of Philo 12:2

Philo, in his exploration of the Torah, grapples with this very idea. He's looking at the verse in Genesis (6:12) that describes the corruption of the world before the flood: "all ...

Noah & FloodPrayerExile

Why the Torah Specifies All Flesh Beneath the Heavens

Philo The Midrash of Philo 17:1

The sheer scale of devastation... it's almost too much to comprehend. And that brings us to a fascinating little puzzle tucked away within the text of Genesis, a question that the ...

CreationHeavenNoah & Flood

Why All Flesh Was Destroyed and the Parable of a Fallen King

Philo The Midrash of Philo 17:5

The verse in question, from (Genesis 6:13), states that "all things which existed upon the earth shall be consumed." But why? The text grapples with this apparent injustice. One ex...

CreationNoah & FloodMysticismSoul

Why God Said From Off the Face of the Earth

Philo The Midrash of Philo 4:18

Take, for instance, the verse in (Genesis 7:4): "I will destroy every living substance that I have made from off the face of the earth." (Genesis 7:4) Doesn't that phrasing strike ...

CreationNoah & FloodExile

What It Destroyed Every Living Substance Really Means

Philo The Midrash of Philo 23:1

That's precisely the question posed in The Midrash of Philo, a collection of interpretations and expansions on the Torah attributed to Philo of Alexandria, the great Jewish philoso...

CreationAdam & EveHumorNoah & Flood

Why the Torah Uses Different Names for God on Purpose

Philo The Midrash of Philo 20:6

The passage focuses on how the sacred writers—think of the authors of the Torah—refer to God in different ways, depending on the context. It's not arbitrary; it's deliberate and de...

CreationHell/GehennaNoah & FloodDivine Names

The Lost Father and the Soul's Inner Tug of War

Philo The Midrash of Philo 8:2

That struggle, that internal tug-of-war, is something ancient thinkers grappled with too. And one place we find it explored is in the writings attributed to Philo of Alexandria. In...

CreationHeavenCreaturesSoul

The Eyes Of God

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanhuma

Because the eyes of God, we're told, are everywhere. It's a powerful image, isn't it? From His throne in Heaven, God's eyes observe absolutely everything that takes place in the wo...

HeavenHell/GehennaPatriarchsAdam & Eve

The Center Of The World

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanhuma

We're told, in no uncertain terms, that the Land of Israel is the heart of it all. But it doesn't stop there. Jerusalem, we learn, is the heart of the Land of Israel. And within Je...

CreationHeavenTorahPatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 4

A question. An Israelite is forbidden to steal from a fellow human being. No punishment for the performance of any prohibited act mentioned in the Torah is harsher than that admini...

JudgmentAdam & EveHumorSin

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 7

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 7

And God remembered Noah (Gen. 8:1). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: A righteous man regardeth the life of his beasts; but the tender mercies of the wicked are ...

Adam & EveNoah & FloodJudgment

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 10

Go forth from the ark (Gen. 8:16). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: I counsel thee: keep the king’s command, and that in regard of the oath of God. Be not hasty...

DeathJudgmentFireNoah & Flood

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

And the whole earth was of one language (Gen. 11:1). May it please our master to teach us why a house with an eruv27A legal fiction which establishes the continuity of a community ...

TorahNoah & FloodHumorWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 1

And the Lord said unto Moses: “stretch out thy hand toward the heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt” (Exod. 10:21). Scripture ...

MosesNoah & FloodEgyptRebellion

Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 2

Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness (Exod. 10:21). Where did the darkness come from? R. Judah and R. Nehemiah discussed this question. R. Judah held: It ...

TorahNoah & FloodHumorDeath

Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 3

And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days (Exod. 10:22). Our sages maintained: There were seven days of d...

MosesAdam & EveNoah & FloodLight

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 19

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 19

And they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water (Exod. 15:22). Some say that the water they had taken with them, from between the rocks, was exhausted by that time. ...

TorahNoah & FloodAdam & EveCommandments

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 21

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 21

And Moses said unto Aaron: “Take a jar and put an omerful of manna therein” (Exod. 16:33). I would not know of what substance the jar was fashioned, whether of silver or of gold or...

MosesNoah & FloodMiraclesMusic & Song

Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 5

And thou shalt command (Exod. 27:20). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair (Song 1:15). R. Akiba said: The e...

TorahMusic & SongLoveCommandments

Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 8

Pure olive oil beaten for the light (Exod. 27:20). You find that a person standing in the dark can observe what is transpiring in a lighted place. However, anyone standing in a lig...

SacrificeLightNoah & FloodAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 36

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 36

And he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights (Exod. 34:28). How did Moses know when it was day? When the Holy One, blessed be He, taught him the Written Law he knew i...

MosesTorahNoah & FloodWorship

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 6

And Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood (Exod. 37:1). Scripture states elsewhere: The opening of Thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple (Ps. 119:130). When...

TorahNoah & FloodSacrificeLight

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 7

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 7

And Bezalel made the ark (Exod. 37:1). You do not find Bezalel’s name associated with any vessel made for the Sanctuary other than the ark. All the other work and all the other imp...

MerkavahNoah & FloodHumorAngels

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 8

And Bezalel made the ark of acacia-wood (Exod. 37:1). Because it was known to Him-who-spoke-and-the-world-came into-being that Israel will sin at Shittim, the Holy One, blessed be ...

Noah & FloodKingsHumorTorah

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel 10

And Bezalel made the ark (Exod. 37:1). You find that everything constructed for the Tabernacle was made in its proper order. First he made the boards and joined them together. Afte...

TorahNoah & FloodTempleLight

Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 8

(Numb. 27:5:) “Moses brought their cause [before the Lord].” Some say that [God] made this become too hard for Moses, as there are righteous people that become [overly] proud in ma...

MosesKing DavidBlessingCommandments

Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 10

(Numb. 27:15-16:), “And Moses spoke […], ‘Let the Lord, [the God of the spirits of all flesh], appoint….’” Let our master instruct us: What blessing does one say on seeing a human ...

MosesHumorAdam & EveSupernatural

Midrash Tanchuma, Re'eh 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Re'eh 6

And you say, "I shall eat meat" (Deuteronomy 12:20): Rabbi Eliezer beRabbi Yehoshua said, "From here you learn that a man should not acquire a litra of meat until he consults with ...

Holy LandNationsHumorCreatures

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 5

(Deut. 25:17:) “Remember what Amalek did to you.” R. Tanhum bar Hanila'i opened [his discourse] (with (Job 13:1)2), “Your remembrances are proverbs of ashes; your responses are res...

JobWisdomNoah & FloodAbraham