Parshat Shemot

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The Israelites' enslavement in Egypt, the birth of Moses, Moses at the burning bush, and God's call to liberate His people. Exodus 1:1-6:1.

Israel Refuses to March Because Moses Will Die After

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 6:102

It happened to the Israelites. The story goes that Moses, ever faithful, prepared to lead them into battle against Midian. But the people… well, they weren't so enthusiastic. Accor...

MosesTorahHoly Land

Moses Weighed at Sixty Myriads Like All Israel

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 79:13

The Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, that sprawling and often mind-bending companion to the Zohar, tackles this head-on. It declares that no dor, no generation, can be less than ...

MosesTorahHoly LandShekhinah

8) "And Moses related to his father-in-law — to appeal to

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 3:35

When Moses sat down with his father-in-law Yithro after the exodus from Egypt, he did not simply give a dry report of events. The Mekhilta explains that Moses "related to his fathe...

TorahMosesMiracles

Pharaoh's Daughter

Talmud Aggadah Megillah 13a

It’s a question that’s echoed through millennia, and Jewish tradition offers some truly remarkable answers. We all know the story: a baby, hidden in a basket, floating down the riv...

MosesAdam & EveHoly Land

Moses Encounters the Bush That Burns but Is Not Consumed

Midrash Aggadah Exodus 3:1-6

We find him in the book of Exodus (3:1-6), a shepherd tending the flock of his father-in-law, Jethro, a priest in Midian. One ordinary day, Moses leads the sheep to Horeb, also kno...

CreationAngelsTorahPatriarchs

The Israelites Build a Golden Idol While Moses Is Gone

Talmud Aggadah Shabbat 89a

We find ourselves with the Israelites in the desert. Moses, their leader, has ascended Mount Sinai to receive the Torah, the divine law, from God. Days turn into weeks. Down below,...

AngelsHeavenHell/GehennaTorah

Miriam and the Lawgiver of Cushite

Midrash Aggadah Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 53:5

Like just when you think you've made it, something... shifts? Jewish tradition has a way of acknowledging that final, often fiery, transition. Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, a fascinating...

MosesWomen of the BibleDivine justiceFire

When God Descended to Earth Because of Miriam's Well

Midrash Aggadah Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 54:1

It’s a recurring theme in our tradition, and each instance carries a powerful lesson.This isn't a physical descent, mind you, but a drawing near, a manifestation of the Divine pres...

MosesTempleMysticismHoly Land

Aaron — Jacob and the Patriarchs

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 869:3

The Yalkut Shimoni, a compilation of rabbinic commentary on the Bible, in section 869 on Nach (the books of Prophets and Writings), brings up a fascinating idea about the verse "Th...

PatriarchsMosesKing DavidMessiah

Moses and Divine Judgment of Hear

Other Texts Sifrei Bamidbar 103:1

It might seem obvious, but the Torah actually gives us some pretty profound insights into this very thing. We find in Sifrei Bamidbar, a midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)i...

Hell/GehennaAngelsMosesKing David

Our Affliction, Our Toil, and Our Oppression in Egypt

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 301:18

The Sifrei Devarim, a collection of early rabbinic legal interpretations on the Book of Deuteronomy, pauses to reflect on just that. It unpacks a key verse, reminding us of the spe...

AngelsJosephEgypt

Moses and the Angels of Avarim

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 338:3

The Sifrei Devarim, a collection of early rabbinic legal interpretations on the Book of Deuteronomy, tells us about this pivotal place. It wasn't just any mountain; it was the plac...

AngelsMosesRepentanceDeath

Death of Aaron of Elazar

Other Texts Sifrei Devarim 339:3

The Torah touches on this, not directly, but in subtle glimpses. Let’s look at how the death of Aaron, the High Priest, is described, and what Moses thought of it. We find this ide...

PatriarchsMosesTempleDeath

How Aaron Made Enemies Into Friends

Midrash Aggadah Avot DeRabbi Natan 12

Hillel taught: "Be of the disciples of Aaron — loving peace and pursuing peace, loving people and drawing them near to the Torah." But what did Aaron actually do? Rabbi Meir explai...

HumilityLoveWisdomTorah

The Sapphire Rod From God's Throne

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Exodus 4

Exodus chapter 4 tells how Moses received miraculous signs to convince Israel of his mission. The Targum Jonathan transforms this chapter into something far stranger—especially whe...

CovenantWomen of the BibleDivine throneKings

Aaron Ran Between the Living and the Dead

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Numbers 17

The day after Korah's company was swallowed by the earth, the people of Israel accused Moses and Aaron of murder. God sent a plague. And Aaron did something no other priest would e...

DeathMosesHumorTemple

Did Moses Write the Last Eight Verses of the Torah

Talmud Aggadah Bava Batra 15a

The question of whether Moses wrote the last eight verses of the Torah—the ones describing his own death—provoked one of the most poignant debates in the Talmud. Bava Batra 15a pre...

TorahBibleProphecyWisdom

3 The Staff of Your Strength G-d shall send forth from Zion

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 869:3

3 The Staff of Your Strength G-d shall send forth from Zion. Which staff is this? This is the staff of Jacob about which it is said: "Because with my staff I crossed this Jordan." ...

RedemptionPatriarchsMosesProphecy

Miriam and Divine Judgment

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 16:6

We're good at selective hearing. Well, Jewish tradition suggests this happened big time with the story of the spies sent to scout the land of Canaan. Our story comes from Bamidbar ...

Hell/GehennaMosesProphecyJudgment

Aaron — Korah's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Bamidbar Rabbah 18:19

In Jewish tradition, we find striking examples of this idea, particularly in the story of Korah and his rebellion against Moses and Aaron. Our story comes from Bamidbar Rabbah, a M...

Hell/GehennaMosesHoly LandJudgment

Death of Shiphrah

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 4:21

I'm talking about the midwives who, at great personal risk, chose compassion over compliance. Pharaoh, in his paranoia, sought to control the burgeoning Israelite population by ord...

PatriarchsMosesPrayerEgypt

(Exodus 12 — 1) "in the land of Egypt" — (He spoke to them)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 1:8

(Exodus 12:1) "in the land of Egypt":(He spoke to them) outside the city. But perhaps in the city itself? (This cannot be, for it is written (Exodus 9:29) "When I leave the city" (...

MosesPrayerEgyptExodus

Akiva says (Exodus 12 — 1) "saying" — Go and say to them that

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 1:22

Rabbi Akiva found a hidden message in a single word from (Exodus 12:1) — the word "saying." When God spoke to Moses, the instruction included "saying," which Akiva interpreted as a...

MosesHoly LandProphecyExodus

Yehoshua says — "and you shall eat in haste" — This is the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 7:3

Rabbi Yehoshua disagrees. In his reading, the "haste" of the Passover meal belongs to the Israelites themselves, not to the Egyptians. And he flips the proof texts to make his case...

MosesHoly LandEgyptJoshua

(Exodus 12 — 14) "And this day shall be for you as a

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 7:27

(Exodus 12:14) "And this day shall be for you as a remembrance": The day which is a remembrance for you, you celebrate. But we have not yet heard which day it is (that is a remembr...

MosesHoly LandEgyptPassover

Similarly, (Devarim 17 — 16) "And the L–rd said to you — You

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 12:23

The Mekhilta, the tannaitic commentary on Exodus, addresses a verse with massive implications for the Exodus narrative. Moses tells Israel in Deuteronomy: "And the Lord said to you...

MosesKabbalahEgyptExodus

(Exodus 14 — 6) "And he harnessed his chariot" — He himself

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:25

The Torah says simply that Pharaoh "harnessed his chariot" (Exodus 14:6). The Mekhilta reads those four words as a revelation of just how consumed Pharaoh was by his obsession to r...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptKings

And thus with Egypt, viz

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 5:11

God uses the east wind as an instrument of judgment, and the pattern repeats across the Hebrew Bible with striking consistency. In Egypt, it was the east wind that brought the plag...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptTribes

(Exodus 14 — 28) "And the waters returned and covered the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 7:6

(Exodus 14:28) "And the waters returned and covered the chariot, etc.": even that of Pharaoh. These are the words of R. Yehudah, it being written (Ibid. 15:4) "the chariots of Phar...

MosesEgyptExodusPassover

And thus do you find with the Egyptians, that with what

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 2:8

The Egyptians' greatest military asset became the instrument of their destruction. The Mekhilta points to a devastating symmetry in the Exodus narrative that reveals God's measure-...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptMerkavah

(Exodus 16 — 12) "I have heard the cavilings of the children

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 4:1

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael reveals a remarkable exchange between God and Moses concerning the Israelites' complaints in the wilderness. The verse states: "I have heard the cavil...

MosesHoly LandExodusEgypt

(Exodus 17 — 7) "And he called the name of the place Massah

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 7:18

After the crisis at the rock, the place received two names: Massah, meaning "testing," and Merivah, meaning "quarreling" (Exodus 17:7). But who gave it those names? The Mekhilta re...

MosesEgyptExodusPassover

(Exodus 18 — 18) "You will languish" — R

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 4:7

Yithro warned Moses with a vivid and frightening prophecy (Exodus 18:18): "You will languish." The Hebrew word used here prompted two different interpretations from the rabbis, and...

MosesProphecyEgyptExodus

When they went out of Egypt, they broke out in song, as it

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1026:14

When they went out of Egypt, they broke out in song, as it is written: ‘then Moses and the children of Israel sang the song’ (Exodus 15:1); and when Israel went out of Jerusalem th...

MosesHoly LandEgyptMusic & Song

Exempla of the Rabbis, Tale 242

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 242

The birth of Moses was no ordinary event. According to the ancient chronicles preserved in Jerahmeel and the writings of Josephus, the arrival of Israel's greatest prophet was prec...

PatriarchsMosesEgyptLaw

The Vine in the Butler's Dream and Israel's Future

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 88:5

The Torah is brimming with them, and Jewish tradition loves to unpack their layers of meaning. Take the dream of the chief butler in the Joseph story. In (Genesis 40:9), he recount...

CreationHell/GehennaAdam & EveJoseph

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 13

Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water (Exod. 7:14). Thus the Lord said: Through this (water) you shall cause him to know that I am the Lord. I will ...

MosesEgyptViolenceAdam & Eve

Tharmuth Before the Flood

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 47:9

We all know the broad strokes – the decree, the basket, the river. But have you ever stopped to consider the details, the near-miraculous chain of events that had to unfold just so...

Noah & FloodMosesEgyptWomen of the Bible

Death of Hadad

Book of Jasher Jasher 78

The chapter opens with a change of leadership in Edom. Baal Channan, son of Achbor, dies and the Edomites reach out to find a new king. They settle on a man named Hadad. He reigns ...

PatriarchsMatriarchsJosephMoses

The Suffering Increases

Ginzberg Vol. 2

It wasn't all smooth sailing once Moses and Aaron showed up. In fact, things initially got a whole lot harder for the Israelites. Pharaoh, that stubborn, prideful king, didn't just...

CreationHell/GehennaMessiahTorah

Moses and Adam of Jochebed

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 4:51

Let’s go back to his mother, Jochebed, during her pregnancy. According to the legends, she knew, deep down, that the child she carried was meant for extraordinary things. It wasn't...

Adam & EveMatriarchsMiracles

How Each Plague Systematically Dismantled Egypt's Pride

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 4:264

We all know the broad strokes: Pharaoh, Moses, plagues, freedom. But the details… oh, the details are where things get truly wild. The Torah recounts the ten plagues, each a devast...

MosesEgyptPlaguesMiracles

The Altar's Dimensions Matched the Ten Commandments

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 3:29

It wasn't just a building; it was a story, a symbol, a living testament to the covenant between God and Israel. And speaking of symbols, let's zoom in on the altar. This wasn't jus...

JosephMosesTorahTemple

Micah and the Dreamer

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 2:72

The story of Micah is, frankly, a wild ride. It all starts with Delilah. Yes, that Delilah – the one who betrayed Samson. According to the Legends of the Jews, Delilah took some of...

JosephMosesTempleMysticism

Moses the King of Kush Before the Burning Bush

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 168:2

We know him as the liberator of the Israelites, the one who received the Torah on Mount Sinai. But what about the years before the burning bush? The Yalkut Shimoni, a compilation o...

PatriarchsRepentanceDivine NamesHoly Land

Elazar and the Ark

Other Texts Sifrei Bamidbar 157:4

The Book of Numbers (Bamidbar) 31:6 tells us, "And Moses sent them, a thousand from each tribe, to the host, them and Pinchas." But the Sifrei Bamidbar, a collection of ancient rab...

Noah & FloodJosephMosesEgypt

Hidden Layers of Meaning in the Ten Plagues

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 9:10

It's easy to see them as just divine punishment, but Jewish tradition often digs deeper, searching for layers of meaning. one fascinating idea from Shemot Rabbah, a classic collect...

CreationHell/GehennaPatriarchsJoseph

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 26

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 26

Another explanation of God thundereth marvelously with his voice (Job 37:5). When did the Holy One, blessed be He, perform these miracles with His voice? He did so at the time he w...

MosesEgyptJob