Parshat Shemot

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The Israelites' enslavement in Egypt, the birth of Moses, Moses at the burning bush, and God's call to liberate His people. Exodus 1:1-6:1.

What is written of Moses

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:16

What is written of Moses? (Numbers 20:14-16) "And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom … And our fathers went down to Egypt … and He hearkened to our voice." He (t...

PatriarchsMosesPrayerHoly Land

Pappus expounded (Song of Songs 1 — 9) "to a mare in the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 7:8

Pappus expounded (Song of Songs 1:9) "to a mare in the chariots of Pharaoh, etc.": Pharaoh rode on a stallion—the Holy One Blessed be He revealed Himself, as it were, on a stallion...

MosesHoly LandMusic & SongSolomon

Yossi Haglili says — Whence is it derived that the Egyptians

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 7:15

Rabbi Yossi HaGlili presents one of the most famous calculations in rabbinic literature. He asks: how do we know that the Egyptians were struck with ten plagues in Egypt and fifty ...

MosesHoly LandEgyptPlagues

Variantly — It is not written "Then Moses sang," but then

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 1:2

The Song at the Sea begins with a grammatical mystery. The Hebrew text of (Exodus 15:1) reads az yashir Mosheh—literally, "then Moses will sing," using the future tense. If the Tor...

MosesKabbalahMusic & SongSin

Variantly — "Moses and the children of Israel" — We are

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 1:4

Variantly: "Moses and the children of Israel": We are hereby apprised that Moses chanted the song opposite all of Israel (i.e., that his voice was over and against those of all of ...

ExileMosesProphecyHoly Land

Moses devoted his life to three things, and they were (all)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 1:6

Moses devoted his life to three things, and each of them was called by his name. The Mekhilta examines the first: Torah. The prophet Malachi instructs Israel, "Remember the Torah o...

TorahMosesCharity

Tadai says; Moses would begin with his words, and Israel

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 1:14

R. Eliezer b. Tadai says; Moses would begin with his words, and Israel would respond (with theirs). Moses would begin: "I shall sing to the L–rd," and Israel would end with him and...

MosesHoly LandHumorWit

God Reigns Forever Because He Drowned Pharaoh's Horses in the Sea

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 10:11

At the climax of the Song of the Sea, Israel proclaimed: "The Lord will reign for ever and ever" (Exodus 15:18). It is one of the most sweeping theological declarations in the enti...

MosesAdam & EveKings

Ilai says — Idolatry crossed the sea with Israel and Moses

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 1:5

Rabbi Yehudah ben Ilai makes a disturbing claim in the Mekhilta: idolatry crossed the Red Sea with Israel. The very nation that had just witnessed God's greatest miracle — the spli...

MosesMiraclesHoly Land

24) "And the people caviled against Moses, saying — 'What

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 1:12

The Mekhilta presents two sharply different readings of the verse "And the people caviled against Moses, saying: What shall we drink?" Rabbi Yehoshua takes the generous view: the p...

MosesHoly LandHumorWit

(17 — 2) "And the people quarreled with Moses" — They

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 7:2

When the Torah says "the people quarreled with Moses" (Exodus 17:2), it sounds like a straightforward complaint. But the Mekhilta sees something far worse. Israel "transcended the ...

MosesHumorConversion

And Moses said to them — Why would you quarrel with me

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 7:3

Moses responded to Israel's complaints with a question that reframed the entire conflict: "Why would you quarrel with me? Why would you try the Lord?" (Exodus 17:2). He was telling...

MosesMiraclesHumorWit

11) "And it was, when Moses lifted his hand, that Israel

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 1:25

The Torah describes a strange scene during the battle against Amalek: "When Moses lifted his hand, Israel prevailed; and when he lowered his hand, Amalek prevailed" (Exodus 17:11)....

MosesMiraclesHoly Land

and, in the end, Moses arose and implored (that he be

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:6

and, in the end, Moses arose and implored (that he be permitted to enter the land, etc.), viz. (Devarim 3:24) "And I entreated the L–rd at that time, saying, etc." An analogy: A ki...

MosesLawTribesHumor

But Moses persisted in standing there and making all those

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:11

Moses would not give up. Even after God had decreed that he would not lead Israel into the Promised Land, he stood his ground and kept negotiating, trying every possible angle to g...

MosesKingsAdam & EveDivine justice

Moses — L–rd of the universe, since it has been decreed upon

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:13

Moses stood before God and made one final, desperate plea. The decree had been issued — Moses would not enter the Promised Land. But Moses, ever persistent in prayer, tried to nego...

MosesLawSinTribes

And whence is it derived that all of Moses' requests were

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:18

The Mekhilta asks a triumphant question: how do we know that all of Moses' many requests — his desperate pleas to enter the Promised Land — were ultimately granted by the Holy One,...

MosesProphecyTempleHoly Land

God Showed Moses the Future Victory of Barak Over Sisera

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:22

When Moses stood on Mount Nebo and looked out over the Promised Land, God pointed to each region and revealed not just the terrain but the history that would unfold upon it. The Me...

WisdomJudgmentMosesWar

God Showed Moses the Future Battle of Gog in the Valley of Jericho

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:29

Before Moses died, God took him to the summit of Mount Nebo and showed him the entirety of the Promised Land — every region, every valley, every corner of the territory his people ...

WisdomJoshuaWarMoses

at which the L–rd rendered them groups of mutes, deaf ones

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 3:27

When Pharaoh sent soldiers to hunt down Moses after the slaying of the Egyptian taskmaster, God intervened in a way no one expected. Rather than striking the pursuers dead or sendi...

MosesEgyptMiracles

Eliezer says — The Holy One Blessed be He said to Moses — I

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 3:32

R. Eliezer says: The Holy One Blessed be He said to Moses: I am the one who spoke and brought the world into being. I am the one who draws near and not the one who distances, viz. ...

MosesProphecyBlessingHumor

(18 — 10) "And Yithro said — 'Blessed is the L–rd'" — R

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 3:39

R. Pappis made a statement about Yithro's blessing that was, in his reading, deeply unflattering to Israel. When Yithro arrived at the Israelite camp and heard what God had done, h...

Holy LandMiraclesEgyptMoses

and Moses said to his father-in-law, etc

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 4:3

The Mekhilta records a pointed question that Yehudah of Kfar Acco once posed to R. Gamliel. When Moses explained to Yithro why the people came to him for judgment, Moses said: "Bec...

MosesHumorTorah

7) "And Moses came, and he called to the elders of the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 2:17

Moses came down from the mountain and "called to the elders of the people" (Exodus 19:7). The Mekhilta draws a lesson about leadership from this simple narrative detail: Moses did ...

MosesWisdomWomen of the Bible

And Moses returned the words of the people to the L–rd"

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 2:19

Moses carried God's message to the people of Israel. He delivered the divine offer: accept the Torah, become a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. The people responded with unani...

TorahMosesHoly Land

and Moses told" — Now what did the L–rd say to Moses to say

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 2:25

"and Moses told": Now what did the L–rd say to Moses to say to Israel or what did Israel say to Moses to say to the L–rd? R. Yossi Haglili says: What is written, viz. (Ibid. 12) "A...

TorahMosesDivine justiceHoly Land

Rebbi says — Now what did the L–rd say to Moses to say to

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 2:27

Rebbi (Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi) raises a fascinating question about the communication chain at Sinai. What exactly did God tell Moses to relay to Israel, and what did Israel say to Mo...

MosesHoly LandKingsSinai

Moses Read the Book of the Covenant from Creation to Sinai

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 3:3

When Moses stood before Israel at Sinai and "took the book of the covenant and read it in the ears of the people" (Exodus 24:7), a question immediately arises: what exactly did he ...

CreationCovenantMosesAdam & Eve

16) "And they said to Moses — Speak, you, with us, and we

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 9:11

(Exodus, Ibid. 16) "And they said to Moses: Speak, you, with us, and we will hear, (and let G–d not speak with us, lest we die.") We are hereby apprised that they lacked the streng...

MosesProphecyRepentanceHoly Land

) "And Moses entered into the mist" — This (his closeness to

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 9:16

(Ibid.) "And Moses entered into the mist": This (his closeness to the L–rd) was a function of his humility, viz. (Numbers 12:3) "And the man Moses was extremely humble, etc." Scrip...

MosesProphecyTempleCharity

And Moses entered into the mist" — within the three

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 9:18

When Moses ascended Mount Sinai to receive the Torah, the Torah records that "Moses entered into the mist, where God was" (Exodus 20:21). The Mekhilta reveals that this approach to...

MosesHumorNoah & Flood

Moses Before The Throne Of Glory

Midrash Aggadah Beit HaMidrash 1:58

According to one tradition, Moses spent forty days and nights in this heavenly yeshiva before receiving the Torah. During this time, he learned all 613 commandments and all the sec...

HeavenTorahMosesYetzer Hara (Evil Inclination)

Pharaoh's Army Lured To Its Death

Talmud Aggadah Megillah 10b

We all know the triumphant tale of the Israelites crossing the Red Sea, escaping Pharaoh's clutches. But what about the Egyptians swallowed by the waves? It turns out, Jewish tradi...

CreationAngelsHeavenMoses

How Moses Survived

Midrash Aggadah Makhon Siftei Tzaddikim on Genesis 1:16

That’s hardcore. What's the secret? Well, Jewish tradition offers a fascinating explanation. It wasn’t just about toughing it out. It goes much deeper. The Makhon Siftei Tzaddik (a...

CreationAngelsHeavenTorah

Moses Transformed Into Fire

Midrash Aggadah Gedulat Moshe in Beit ha-Midrash 2:10-20

It’s a question that’s captivated mystics and storytellers for centuries, and one particularly vivid legend tells us how Moses himself experienced just that. The story goes that Go...

CreationAngelsHeavenMessiah

Korah Beyond the Firmament

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Mishlei 1:13

The passage from (Proverbs 1:22-33) kicks things off: "'How long, you simple ones, will you love simplicity?'... 'and fools hate knowledge.'" The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive com...

HeavenAngelsPatriarchsMoses

Levi — The Golden Calf

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 1:12

Midrash Tehillim, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Psalms, offers a fascinating perspective. It points to the tribe of Levi, specifically those who resisted ...

AngelsPatriarchsMosesTorah

Moses in David's Court

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 3:9

Even Moses, leading the Israelites out of Egypt, felt that way. He looked at the nations surrounding them, nations far more numerous, and thought, "These nations are more numerous ...

MosesKing DavidPrayerMiracles

Elisha in the Days of Moses

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 4:4

This particular passage, Midrash Tehillim 4, starts by talking about the dedication of a psalm: "To the conductor with musical instruments." But it's not just about the music itsel...

MosesKing DavidPrayerMusic & Song

Moses and David Long for the Promised Land

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 16:11

King David knew that feeling. Midrash Tehillim, an ancient collection of interpretations on the Book of Psalms, offers a glimpse into David's heart, revealing a profound sense of h...

PatriarchsMosesKing DavidHoly Land

David and Moses Seek God's Face Through Prayer

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 17:14

This feeling isn’t new. King David wrestled with it, too. Midrash Tehillim, a beautiful collection of interpretations on the Book of Psalms, gives us a glimpse into his struggle, a...

MosesKing DavidTorahPrayer

How Repentance Transformed David After His Sin

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 18:3

The ancient texts offer some pretty fascinating clues, particularly in how they describe the transformation that comes with repentance. Take Midrash Tehillim, for example, a collec...

CreationPatriarchsMosesKing David

When the Red Sea Split All Waters Split With It

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 18:17

What would you see? Midrash Tehillim, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Psalms, offers us a glimpse into that moment, a moment of sheer, terrifying awe. It’s ...

MosesKing DavidEgypt

Who Is the King of Glory at Heaven's Gates

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 21:2

Specifically, we're looking at Midrash Tehillim 21, which uses (Psalm 24:10), "Who is this King of Glory? The Lord of Hosts, He is the King of Glory, Selah," as a springboard for a...

HeavenMosesSolomonElijah

Kingdom of Korah

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 26:4

The Midrash Tehillim, an ancient collection of interpretations on the Book of Psalms, grapples with this very question. Specifically, it reflects on (Psalm 26:5), "I hate the congr...

MosesSolomonHoly LandEgypt

Levi and the Dreamer

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 27:3

to one particularly powerful passage, a meditation on (Psalm 27:1), "The Lord is my light and my help; whom should I fear? The Lord is the stronghold of my life; whom should I drea...

JosephMosesKing DavidTorah

Isaiah — Moses and the Patriarchs

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 31:2

The verse that kicks it all off is from (Psalm 71:1): "In you, O Lord, I have taken refuge. Let me never be put to shame." But the midrash, the interpretive story, doesn't just tak...

PatriarchsMosesKing DavidMessiah

How David's Soul Connected to Moses's Prophecy

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 35:1

The ancient rabbis certainly understood that feeling. They explored it deeply in their interpretations of the Psalms, particularly in Midrash Tehillim, a collection of stories and ...

MosesKing DavidTorahProphecy