Parshat Vaera

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God reveals His name to Moses, the first seven plagues strike Egypt, and Pharaoh's heart is hardened. Exodus 6:2-9:35.

The Torah Is Nearer Than You Think According to Moses

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 8:7

That’s the feeling Rabbi Shmuel bar Rav Naḥman evokes in his teaching on the verse, "Rather the matter is very near to you" (Deuteronomy 30:14). It's a beautiful passage about the ...

King DavidJobTorahMysticism

Dead Flies Ruin the Perfumer's Precious Oil

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 1:1

(Ecclesiastes 10:1) puts it bluntly: "Dead flies spoil and froth a perfumer’s oil; a little folly is weightier than wisdom, than honor." It's a powerful image, isn’t it? How someth...

Hell/GehennaSolomonTorahProphecy

Stars and Firmament and the Serpent

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 11:1

Ancient Jewish wisdom grappled with these questions too. Take this passage from Kohelet Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Ecclesiastes. It starts with...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaAngels

Why a Bull Atones for the Sin of the Golden Calf

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 38:3

Take the story of atonement after the sin of the Golden Calf. It all starts with an offering. But what kind of offering? The verse in Exodus tells us to "Take one young bull." But ...

AngelsMosesKing DavidJob

David's Fivefold Blessing Mirrors the Five Books of Moses

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 4:7

The Rabbis certainly did. one fascinating interpretation from Vayikra Rabbah, specifically Vayikra Rabbah 4, that unlocks layers of meaning in King David's timeless words. Rabbi Yo...

King DavidTorahSoul

Wind and Water That Cause Tzaraat and Spiritual Impurity

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 15:1

to a passage from Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Leviticus, that does just that. It all starts with a rather clinical verse: "A man, if he ...

CreationAdam & EveMosesElijah

The Priest With Epilepsy and the Doctor's Surprising Choice

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 26:4

Vayikra Rabbah 26, a section of the Midrash Rabbah on Leviticus, invites us to do just that. It starts with the familiar verse, "The Lord said to Moses: Speak to the priests, sons ...

MosesKing DavidWisdom

What the Phrase Speak to the Priests Truly Conceals

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 26:6

Specifically, Vayikra Rabbah 26. It all starts with a simple phrase: "Speak to the priests." But as is so often the case in Jewish tradition, there's a whole universe packed into t...

MosesKing DavidDeath

Haman Among the Heavenly Host

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 26:8

It’s not just filler! According to the sages, these repetitions are clues, little breadcrumbs that lead us to deeper meanings. Vayikra Rabbah, a Midrash on the book of Leviticus, d...

AngelsMosesKing DavidElijah

God Teaches Israel Like a Farmer Guides an Ox With a Prod

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 29:7

Yes, you read that right. A cattle prod. Believe it or not, the ancient rabbis found deep spiritual meaning even in the mundane tools of everyday life. In Vayikra Rabbah, a collect...

CreationPatriarchsProphecyWisdom

Herod Beyond the Firmament

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:10

Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating collection of rabbinic interpretations of the Book of Leviticus, gives us a glimpse into that idyllic vision. Specifically, it discusses the verse “I ...

HeavenProphecyRepentanceShabbat

“They heard that I sigh; there is no comforter for me; all

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:56

“They heard that I sigh; there is no comforter for me; all my enemies heard of my misfortune, were glad because You acted. May You bring the day that You proclaimed, and they will ...

TorahExileRedemptionMoses

The Fall of Beitar and the Blood That Flowed

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:4

Rabbi Pinhas said in the name of Rabbi Hoshaya: There were four hundred and eighty synagogues in Jerusalem before the destruction. The number came from a single verse — "filled wit...

Temple destructionExileMartyrdomRome

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:25

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not continue to exile you. He will reckon your iniquity, daughter of Edom, He will expose your sins” (Lamentations 4:22).“You...

ExileRedemptionMosesProphecy

Rabbi Levi said — Accursed are the wicked who are engaged in

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:23

Rabbi Levi said: Accursed are the wicked who are engaged in evil counsel against Israel, and each one of them counsels in his way and says: ‘My counsel is better than your counsel....

PatriarchsMosesProphecyAngels

God Assigned Every Person in History a Role

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 10

From the very first moment of creation, God assigned every major figure in history a specific role. Esther Rabbah preserves a remarkable list, attributed to Rabbi Berekhya, that re...

CreationPatriarchsMosesProphecy

Do Not Stand Idly by the Blood of Your Neighbor

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:8

That feeling, that sense of unease, might be more than just good manners telling you to speak up. According to Jewish tradition, it's practically a commandment. The Torah tells us,...

HeavenTorahRepentanceHoly Land

Pursuit of Wisdom and the Serpent

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:2

It's easy to see him as just a sneaky snake, but Jewish tradition, especially in the writings we call midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), often sees things on a deeper, sym...

Adam & EveWisdomAnimalsSerpent

Did the Serpent in the Garden Actually Talk

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:6

Did you ever stop to wonder… did that serpent in the Garden of Eden actually talk? I mean, really talk? It's a question that’s been wrestled with for millennia. (Genesis 3:2) simpl...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveSoul

The Serpent's True Motive for Tempting Eve

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:13

The story in Genesis, as we all know, tells of a serpent who tempts the woman, leading to the eating of the forbidden fruit and the expulsion from paradise. But the ancient sages w...

CreationAdam & EveAnimalsSerpent

Eve and Creation and the Serpent

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:17

Why on earth did the serpent twist God's words to Eve, claiming, "God has said, 'You shall not eat of every tree in the Garden'" (Genesis 3:1)? God actually said, "You may freely e...

CreationHeavenAdam & EveSoul

The Serpent's Promise That Eve Would Become Like Gods

Philo The Midrash of Philo 5:1

The kind of things that make you pause and think, "Wait, did that really happen that way?" Let's zoom in on the story of the Garden of Eden, specifically that fateful moment when t...

CreationAdam & EveRepentance

Adam Blamed Eve but Eve Said the Serpent Beguiled Me

Philo The Midrash of Philo 12:1

But did you ever notice something strange about how they pointed those fingers? The man, Adam, he's quick to say, "The woman gave me of the tree, and I did eat." He throws Eve righ...

CreationAdam & EveAnimalsSerpent

Abel's Blood Cries Out From the Ground

Philo The Midrash of Philo 10:1

What does it symbolize? The Torah is full of these deceptively simple questions that open up to reveal universes of meaning. Take the story of Cain and Abel. A primal scene. Siblin...

CreationJudgmentViolenceCain and abel

The Prohibition of Eating Blood After the Flood

Philo The Midrash of Philo 4:1

Don't eat meat with blood still in it. But, as is often the case with Jewish tradition, there's so much more to unpack here. This verse, part of the covenant God makes with Noah an...

CreationViolenceHumorCommandments

God Demands an Accounting for Every Drop of Blood

Philo The Midrash of Philo 5:1

Ever stumble across a verse in the Torah that just... sticks in your craw? A line that seems simple at first glance, but the more you chew on it, the more questions it raises? That...

CreationViolenceAdam & EveNoah & Flood

Philo on Bloodshed and Spiritual Consequence

Philo The Midrash of Philo 6:2

The ancient sages certainly thought so. And they weren't afraid to use vivid language to make the point. Take this passage from the Midrash of Philo. It's a bit intense, but stick ...

SoulJudgmentViolenceDivine justice

Nimrod and Creation of Chus

Philo The Midrash of Philo 8:1

You might recall Nimrod from (Genesis 10:8). It's a brief mention, almost a genealogical footnote: "Chus was the father of Nimrod, who began to be a giant and a hunter before the L...

CreationCreaturesHumorBible

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 25

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 25

And the Lord said to Aaron: “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses” (Exod. 4:27). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: God thundereth marvelously with His voice; gr...

MosesJobHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 28

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 28

Go into the wilderness to meet Moses (Exod. 4:27). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each ...

MosesWomen of the BibleTzedakah (Charity)Conversion

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 29

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 29

And Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord (Exod. 4:29). Moses began to reveal to him everything that the Holy One, blessed be He, had told him, and that he was to go perform t...

JudgmentKingsHumorAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 8

Another comment on Who is the King of Glory? (Ps. 24:10). He is the King of Kings, the Holy One, blessed be He, who apportions honor to those who fear Him. Therefore it is written:...

SolomonKingsMosesElijah

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 15

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 15

And the Lord said unto Moses: “Stretch forth thy hand toward heaven that there may be hail” (Exod. 9:22). Scripture says (elsewhere in allusion to this verse): Whatsoever the Lord ...

MosesHeavenAdam & EveLaw

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 26

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 26

And Moses said unto Joshua: “Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek” (Exod. 17:9). From this verse it is apparent that Moses treated his disciple Joshua as his equal. Thi...

DeathHumorMosesPriesthood

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 28

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 28

And his hands were steady until the going down of the sun (Exod. 17:12). Since time was calculated by means of the stars, what did Moses do? He stopped the revolution of the sun, t...

MosesJoyAdam & EvePatriarchs

Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 10

In the third month (Exod. 19:1). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Have I not written unto thee excellent things (shilshom) of counsels and knowledge (Prov. 22:20...

TorahWomen of the BibleTribesMoses

Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 11

And thou shalt overlay it with brass (Exod. 27:2). R. Judah the son of Shalum stated: Moses had said to the Holy One, blessed be He: Master of the Universe, You told me to make an ...

SacrificeTempleMosesAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 26

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 26

And the Lord spoke unto Moses: “Depart, go up hence” (Exod. 33:1). This is what Scripture says in allusion to this verse: For I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee ...

SacrificeJudgmentMosesSin

Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 9

These are the accounts of the tabernacle … and the bronze of the offering (Exod. 38:21, 29). The bronze of the offering (tenufah) refers to the bronze vessels given to a bride, for...

SacrificeMosesHumorAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 8

(Lev. 8:1-2:) “Then the Lord spoke [unto Moses]…, ‘Take Aaron and his sons along with him, the vestments […].’” This text is related (to Ps. 65:5), “Fortunate is the one You choose...

MosesAdam & EvePatriarchsPriesthood

Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 10

(Lev. 8:2:) “Take Aaron and his sons.” This text is related (to Prov. 20:7), “The one who walks in his integrity is righteous; blessed are his children after him.” This refers to A...

Holy LandWomen of the BiblePriesthoodRighteousness

Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 11

(Lev. 8:3:) “And assemble the whole congregation.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, “Pay him honor in front of all Israel, in order that they may see him today when he e...

MosesTemplePriesthoodRebellion

Midrash Tanchuma, Shmini 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shmini 1

(Lev. 9:1) “And it came to pass on the eighth day….” This text is related to [the verse] (in Eccl. 8:5), “Whoever observes a commandment shall not know anything evil.” Who is this?...

DeathAdam & EvePriesthoodMoses

Midrash Tanchuma, Shmini 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shmini 6

(Lev. 11:1-2:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying […], ‘Speak unto the Children of Israel, saying, “These are the creatures that you may eat….”’” It is stated (...

MosesNationsHeresyTorah

Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 6

(Lev. 16:1:) “After the death of Aaron's two sons.” It was taught in a baraita (a teaching from outside the Mishnah) in the name of R. Eliezer:37In y‘Eruv. 6:1 (31c); yGit. 1:2 (39...

SacrificeDeathJoyPriesthood

Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 9

(Lev. 17:1, 3:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses, ‘Speak to Aaron saying, “…. If any single person from the House of Israel slaughters.”’” The holy spirit proclaims (in Mal. 1:11), ...

MosesAdam & EveSacrificeSin

Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 3

(Numb. 1:1:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert, in the tent of meeting.” Before the tent of meeting was set up, He spoke with him in the bush, as stated (in Exod....

MosesSinaiHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 9

(Numb. 2:1-2:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, ‘[The Children of Israel shall camp,] each with his standard, under the banners….’” Let our master instruct u...

MosesShabbatHumorAdam & Eve