Parshat Vayigash

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Judah's plea for Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, and Jacob's family descends to Egypt. Genesis 44:18-47:27.

Story of Pharaoh

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 52:8

Jewish mysticism speaks of gates like these – spiritual barriers that seem impenetrable. But what if the key wasn't strength or knowledge, but something far more vulnerable? The Ti...

MosesEgyptKabbalahMysticism

Good, Evil, and the Faithful Shepherd

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 58:17

In the Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, a core text of Kabbalah, we find a fascinating, albeit cryptic, passage that delves into the nature of good, evil, and the power of prayer...

DemonsPrayerFaithHumor

Divine Presence of Jacob

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 72:1

Jewish mysticism has a powerful image for that feeling: the exile of the Shekhinah (the Divine Presence). The Shekhinah, often translated as the Divine Presence, is, in Kabbalistic...

HeavenHoly LandExileShekhinah

Joseph Left His Garment and Resisted Temptation

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 85:1

Jewish tradition certainly recognizes that struggle. In fact, some texts get incredibly vivid about the forces at play. Imagine this: a group of sages are walking along, deep in co...

HeavenNoah & FloodTorahPrayer

Moses and the Revelation

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 92:1

Some say it's in ancient texts, hidden in plain sight for those with eyes to see. And of all the ancient texts, one stands out for its sheer density, its mind-bending complexity, a...

MosesSinaiShekhinah

When Pharaoh's Daughter Touched Moses the Shekhinah Fled

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 96:8

And the answer? Well, it's a bit…uncomfortable. The Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, a later, and in some ways wilder, expansion on the core Zohar, tackles this very question hea...

HeavenAdam & EveMosesEgypt

Jacob's Seven Weeks as the Counting of the Omer

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 111:19

It seems straightforward enough, counting seven weeks from Passover until we receive the Torah. But as always with Jewish tradition, there's so much more shimmering beneath the sur...

HeavenMosesExileSinai

Jacob's Pillar Stone Becomes the House of God

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 123:7

The Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, a later part of the Zohar, one of the central works of Kabbalah, hints at something truly profound about the Torah's essence. It speaks of a ...

MosesTorahJudgmentSefirot

(Exodus 12 — 1) "in the land of Egypt" — (He spoke to them)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 1:8

(Exodus 12:1) "in the land of Egypt":(He spoke to them) outside the city. But perhaps in the city itself? (This cannot be, for it is written (Exodus 9:29) "When I leave the city" (...

MosesPrayerEgyptExodus

And against all the gods of Egypt shall I execute judgments

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 7:17

On the night of the Exodus, God did not just strike the firstborn of Egypt. He also executed judgment on the gods of Egypt. And according to the Mekhilta, those judgments were not ...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptJudgment

and the L–rd smote every first-born in the land of Egypt"

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 13:5

The Mekhilta, the tannaitic midrash on Exodus, probes the geographic scope of the tenth plague with meticulous care. The verse states: "And the Lord smote every firstborn in the la...

MosesCharityBirthEgypt

and they emptied out Egypt" — We are hereby apprised that

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 13:37

"and they emptied out Egypt": We are hereby apprised that their idols melted and returned to their former state, (so that they were now permitted to take them.) And whence is it de...

MosesProphecyMiraclesCharity

to succoth" — "succoth," ("booths") literally, as in

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 14:3

The Mekhilta, the tannaitic midrash on Exodus, takes up a question about the Israelites' first stop after leaving Egypt: a place called Succoth. "And they traveled from Rameses to ...

PatriarchsJacobEgyptExodus

Rebbi says — One verse states — "and they shall serve them

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 14:16

Rebbi (Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi) noticed the same numerical tension between two biblical verses about the duration of Israel's time in Egypt. One says "they shall serve them and they s...

PatriarchsRepentanceBibleAdam & Eve

Nathan says — "who brought up and who brought" — The exodus

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:20

Rabbi Nathan noticed something striking in the Torah's language about the Exodus. The text uses two verbs — "who brought up" and "who brought" — when describing God's act of taking...

PatriarchsMosesHoly Land

Egypt Was Crying While Israel Was Singing at the Same Moment

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:33

Rabbi Nathan offered a striking interpretation of the word bakosharoth from (Psalms 68:7), "He takes out the bound bakosharoth." Rather than reading it as a single word, he split i...

RedemptionMosesDivine justiceCharity

The Year Israel Left Egypt the Calendar Did Not Need an Extra Month

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:41

"This day you go out in the month of Aviv" (Exodus 13:3) — a verse that seems to state the obvious. Of course Israel left in the month of Aviv (spring). The Torah already told us t...

MosesHoly LandTimeEgypt

(Exodus 13 — 17) "And it was, when G–d sent ("shalach") the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 1:1

(Exodus 13:17) "And it was, when G–d sent ("shalach") the people": "sending" in all places is accompaniment, viz. (Genesis 18:16) "And Abraham went with them to send them," (Ibid. ...

PatriarchsMosesProphecyDivine justice

(Exodus 14 — 3) "And Pharaoh will say about the children of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:6

(Exodus 14:3) "And Pharaoh will say about the children of Israel: They are nevuchim in the land": "nevuchim" is "confounded," as in (Joel 1:18) "How the beasts groan! The herds of ...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

(Exodus 14 — 4) "And I shall strengthen Pharaoh's heart" — for

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:8

(Exodus 14:4) "And I shall strengthen Pharaoh's heart": for it was divided, whether to pursue or not to pursue. "and I will be honored through (the downfall of) Pharaoh and all of ...

MosesDivine justiceEgyptExodus

In the past, Pharaoh's servants said to him (Exodus 10 — 7)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:14

In the past, Pharaoh's servants said to him (Exodus 10:7) "How long will this one be a stumbling block to us?" and now (Ibid. 14:5) "What is this that we did in sending Israel away...

MosesHoly LandEgyptExodus

Four "harnessed" with joy — Abraham—(Genesis 22 — 3) "And

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 2:26

Four "harnessed" with joy: Abraham—(Genesis 22:3) "And Abraham rose early in the morning (for the binding of Isaac), and he saddled his ass." Now did he not have many servants?—(He...

PatriarchsMosesDivine justiceHoly Land

And they were exceedingly afraid, etc

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:7

When the Israelites saw the Egyptian army bearing down on them and the Red Sea blocking their escape, the Torah says they "were exceedingly afraid." But what did they do with that ...

PatriarchsPrayerTemple

27 — 17) "Yifgu na ('Let them now pray') to the L–rd of hosts

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:10

The Mekhilta adds a further proof that the Hebrew root "pegiyah" means prayer, citing the prophet Jeremiah: "Let them now pray (yifgu na) to the Lord of hosts, that the vessels whi...

PatriarchsProphecyPrayerHoly Land

And thus is it written (Genesis 49 — 9) "A lion's whelp is

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:12

The Mekhilta draws yet another proof of prayer's supreme power from Jacob's blessing over the tribe of Judah. The Torah declares: "A lion's whelp is Judah" (Genesis 49:9). On the s...

PrayerTribesAnimalsPatriarchs

What is written of Moses

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:16

What is written of Moses? (Numbers 20:14-16) "And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom … And our fathers went down to Egypt … and He hearkened to our voice." He (t...

PatriarchsMosesPrayerHoly Land

For as you see Egypt" — In three places the L–rd exhorted

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 3:25

The Mekhilta identifies three separate places in the Torah where God explicitly commanded Israel never to return to Egypt. Three warnings — not one, not two, but three — each in a ...

MosesHoly LandEgyptAdam & Eve

And Egypt said — 'I shall flee from before Israel'" — The

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 6:18

As the walls of water began crashing down upon the Egyptian army, a debate erupted among the soldiers trapped in the seabed. The Torah records that "Egypt said: I shall flee from b...

MosesDivine justiceWisdomMiracles

And (this obtains) not with Egypt alone, but with all who

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 6:20

And (this obtains) not with Egypt alone, but with all who afflict Israel throughout the generations. As it is written (Psalms 78:66) "And He beat back His foes. Eternal disgrace di...

MosesProphecyDivine justiceCharity

(Exodus 14 — 30) "And Israel saw Egypt dead on the shore of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 7:13

(Exodus 14:30) "And Israel saw Egypt dead on the shore of the sea": For four reasons: That they not say: Just as we came up on this side, so they came up on another side (and will ...

MosesCharityHoly Land

The foe (Pharaoh) said" — And he did not know what he was

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 7:3

"The foe (Pharaoh) said": And he did not know what he was saying, viz. (Mishlei 16:1) "To a man are the musings of his heart, but to the L–rd is the meaning of the tongue." (He sai...

MosesEgyptSoulHumor

In the past, you (the Jews) would rob them (the Egyptians)

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 7:4

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael preserves a dramatic speech attributed to God, addressed to the Egyptians at the moment of the Red Sea's destruction. The voice is that of a king — an...

MosesEgyptKingsViolence

all of the illness which I placed in Egypt I will not place

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 1:26

"All of the illness which I placed in Egypt I will not place upon you" — God promised the Israelites immunity from the plagues that devastated their former oppressors. But then the...

TorahMosesHoly Land

Yitzchak says — If they have no illness, why do they need healing

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 1:27

Rabbi Yitzchak posed a deceptively simple question about one of the most famous promises in the Torah. In (Exodus 15:26), God tells the Israelites that if they follow His commandme...

MosesDeathHealingPatriarchs

top"—the deeds of the patriarchs; "hill"—the deeds of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 1:21

The Mekhilta decodes every word of Moses' declaration before the battle with Amalek. "The top of the hill" is not just a geographic feature — it is a spiritual map. "Top" represent...

PatriarchsMosesMiraclesHoly Land

Thus, the L–rd took Israel out of Egypt, split the sea for

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 5:2

Before God ever asked Israel to accept His kingship, He proved Himself through action. The Mekhilta lays out the sequence with deliberate precision, and the order matters. First, G...

MosesHoly LandEgyptKings

I am the L–rd your G–d who took you out of the land of Egypt

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 5:4

"I am the L–rd your G–d who took you out of the land of Egypt." What is the intent of this? Because He appeared at the Red Sea as a hero waging war, viz. (Exodus 15:3) "The L–rd is...

CreationTorahRedemptionMoses

God Demanded Obedience to His Laws as the Price of Leaving Egypt

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 6:5

The Mekhilta unpacks a subtle but powerful argument that God makes to Israel. The verse reads: "As the deeds of the land of Egypt in which you dwelt you shall not do" (Leviticus 18...

MosesEgyptCommandmentsAdam & Eve

The God Of The Fathers

Midrash Aggadah Exodus 3:13-15

The Torah actually grapples with this very question, and the answer, as you might expect, is layered and fascinating. : Moses, standing before the burning bush, is tasked with lead...

CreationAngelsDemonsTorah

Summoning The Patriarchs

Midrash Aggadah Sippurim: Prager Sammlung judischer Legenden in neuer Auswahl und Bearbeitung

There's a story, a rather incredible one, about a rabbi who supposedly did just that. It all revolves around Rabbi Judah Loew, also known as the Maharal of Prague. This was a truly...

CreationTorahPatriarchsAdam & Eve

The Secret Of The Redeemer

Midrash Aggadah Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 48

It all begins with Abraham. God Himself entrusted him with a profound secret, "the secret of the mystery of the Redeemer," as Howard Schwartz puts it in Tree of Souls. A heavy burd...

PatriarchsMosesAdam & EveMysticism

Their — Pharaoh in the Days of Moses

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 2:1

Midrash Tehillim, a collection of homiletic interpretations of the Psalms, offers a pretty powerful image to explain it. It starts with the question: "Why did the nations rage?" Th...

MosesDanielTorahProphecy

How Song of Songs Reveals Torah's Hidden Meaning

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 2:12

Our exploration begins with a verse from the Song of Songs (7:3): "Your navel is like a round goblet... Your belly is a heap of wheat." The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentar...

JosephMosesKing DavidSolomon

David the Shepherd King Awaits Redemption

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 8:1

Our sages explored this very feeling, using the image of the harvest and the vintage to understand the delicate timing of redemption. It's all there in Midrash Tehillim, a collecti...

King DavidSolomonTorahMessiah

Pharaoh's Journey

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 18:12

Midrash Tehillim, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Psalms, offers a fascinating glimpse into this divine-human "battle" during the Exodus. It's not just abou...

CreationHeavenAngelsMoses

Why Angels Watched Over Israel in Egypt

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 18:15

Midrash Tehillim, a collection of homiletic interpretations on the Book of Psalms, offers some fascinating perspectives on this very question, particularly in its treatment of Psal...

AngelsMosesKing DavidTorah

The Lord Is My Shepherd and I Shall Not Want

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 23:1

That’s the feeling at the heart of Psalm 23, “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.” But there’s so much more to this familiar verse than meets the eye. Midrash Tehillim, a co...

MosesKing DavidSolomonTorah

How Israel Stayed Clean Wandering the Wilderness

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 23:3

Where did they get clothes? How did they stay clean? It's the kind of thing that keeps rabbis up at night, apparently. And it leads us to some pretty amazing stories in the Midrash...

AngelsJosephKing DavidProphecy