Genesis 49:10 is the verse that launched a thousand Jewish hopes. The Hebrew is cryptic: "The scepter shall not depart from Judah... until Shiloh come." Targum Pseudo-Jonathan will not let the riddle stand. It names the answer outright.
"Kings shall not cease, nor rulers, from the house of Jehuda, nor sapherim teaching the law from his seed, till the time that the King the Meshiha, shall come, the youngest of his sons; and on account of him shall the peoples flow together."
The Targumist gives us three unbroken lines from Judah: kings, rulers, and sapherim — scribes, Torah teachers. Even in exile, when no Judean sat on a throne, the scribes still taught the law and carried the covenant forward. The Targum is pointing out that leadership in Israel has never required political sovereignty. It has required teachers.
And the end point? Meshiha — Messiah, the King who will be "the youngest of his sons," a late descendant of the royal line. The Aramaic "on account of him shall the peoples flow together" echoes Isaiah 2:2, when nations stream to Zion. This is one of the earliest explicit Jewish identifications of the Genesis 49:10 prophecy with the Messiah from the house of David. The scepter waits. The scribes keep teaching. The King will come.