Letting the Land Lie Open in the Sabbatical Year

"And in the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow" (Exodus 23:11): you shall release it from gathering. "And lie fallow" means from clearing away stones. One might think a person may set guards over it until the time for removal arrives and then hand it over to them; therefore Scripture says, "and lie fallow." "That the needy of your people may eat": I have heard only the poor; from where do I learn the rich as well? Scripture says, "and the sabbath of the land shall be food for you" (Leviticus 25:6). If so, why does it say "the needy of your people"? Because they resemble the poor. "And what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat": and is it the case that an animal does not eat unless with your permission? What then does Scripture teach by "what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat"? As long as a beast can eat from the field, you may eat from what is in the house; once it is finished in the field, clear it out of the house. From here they said: one who pickles five kinds of preserved vegetables in a single jar, Rabban Gamliel says, whichever kind is finished in the field, he must remove its value from the house. One might think they must all be removed at once; therefore Scripture says, "your vineyard." One might think all the lands must be cleared at once; therefore Scripture says, "your olive grove." Just as we find with two kinds growing on a tree, that each has its own time of removal, so each and every kind has its own removal. One might think every single field requires its own removal; therefore Scripture says... [text uncertain]. From here you say there are three lands regarding removal: Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. "So shall you do for your vineyard, for your olive grove": but were not the vineyard and the olive grove already included in the general rule? Why were they singled out? To draw an analogy from them: just as the vineyard is the subject of a positive command and one transgresses a negative command over it, as it is written, "and the grapes of your untended vines you shall not gather" (Leviticus 25:5), so anything that is the subject of a positive command, one transgresses a negative command over it. From where do we learn that one may not manure, prune away suckers, dig around, smoke out, lop, or prop up the leaves? Scripture says, "your vineyard." And from where that one may not trim, cut back, strip, prop, or lop the leaves of olives? Scripture says, "your olive grove."