Cain and Abel Argue Over This World and the World to Come

Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 4:8

"And Cain said to Abel." Cain said to his brother: "There is no judgment and there is no Judge, and there is no other world." Abel said to him: "There is judgment and there is a Judge and there is another world. And you are able to know this from your offerings, for since you did not offer yours properly it was not accepted." When Cain heard that his offering had not been accepted, he was enraged and he reviled him. And "said" here means nothing other than reviling, as it is stated: "And this very day the noblewomen will say" (Esther 1:18). "And it came to pass when they were in the field." Cain said to Abel: "You say that there is another world — come, let us divide. I will take this world as my portion, and you, in your portion, take the World to Come." When Cain saw Abel pasturing his flock in the field, Cain said to him: "Have we not already divided, and this world fell to my portion? Why do you pasture your flock in my portion?" Abel said to him: "I did not receive my portion in order that I should leave my flock without pasture, and it is impossible without pasturing." And out of these words a quarrel fell between them, and Cain killed Abel. And what is the meaning of "And Cain rose up against Abel his brother"? This teaches that the two of them quarreled, and Abel rose up against Cain and threw him down. And he had compassion on him and let him go, and did not guard himself against him; and Cain arose and killed Abel his brother.

Themes

Biblical References