"This is the statute of the Passover." Scripture speaks of both the Passover of Egypt and the Passover of the generations; these are the words of Rabbi Yoshiyah. Rabbi Yonatan says: Scripture speaks of the Passover of Egypt. I know only of the Passover of Egypt; how do I know the Passover of the generations? Scripture teaches, "According to all its statutes and all its ordinances you shall keep it" (Numbers 9:3). Rabbi Yoshiyah said to him: This one and that one alike, Scripture speaks of both the Passover of Egypt and the Passover of the generations; and why does Scripture say "according to all its statutes and all its ordinances you shall keep it"? Rather, Scripture comes to teach concerning matters that are lacking in it. Isi ben Akavya says: The statute stated regarding the Passover applies only to its essence. "No foreigner shall eat of it" includes both an apostate Israelite and a gentile, as it is said, "Thus says the Lord GOD: No foreigner, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter My sanctuary" (Ezekiel 44:9). "And every uncircumcised person shall not eat of it" (Exodus 12:48); "No foreigner shall eat of it." Apostasy disqualifies regarding the Passover, but apostasy does not disqualify regarding the heave-offering. And it is necessary [to state both]: for had the Merciful One written only "uncircumcised," I might say it is because he has no circumcision, but a foreigner who does have circumcision, say he may eat. And had Scripture taught us only "foreigner," I might say it is because his heart is not toward Heaven, but an uncircumcised man whose heart is toward Heaven, say he may eat; therefore both are necessary. "A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat of it" (Exodus 12:45); of "it" he does not eat, but he may eat of the unleavened bread and bitter herbs. "And when you have circumcised him, then he shall eat of it" (Exodus 12:44); "of it" the circumcision of his males and his servants is indispensable, but the circumcision of his males and servants is not indispensable for the heave-offering. "And you shall not break a bone in it" (Exodus 12:46); "in it" applies to a fit offering and not to a disqualified one.
Who May Eat the Passover and Who Is Barred From It
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 211:2
זֹאת חֻקַּת הַפָּסַח. בְּפֶסַח מִצְרַיִם וּבְפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה. רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן אָמַר, בְּפֶסַח מִצְרַיִם הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא פֶּסַח מִצְרַיִם, בְּפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת מִנַּיִן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (במדבר ט, ג) "כְּכָל חֻקֹּתָיו וּכְכָל מִשְׁפָּטָיו תַּעֲשׂוּ אֹתוֹ". נָם לוֹ רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה, אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה בְּפֶסַח מִצְרַיִם וּבְפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר "כְּכָל חֻקֹּתָיו וּכְכָל מִשְׁפָּטָיו תַּעֲשׂוּ", אֶלָּא בָּא הַכָּתוּב לְלַמֵּד בּוֹ דְּבָרִים הַמְּחֻסָּרִין בּוֹ אִיסִי בֶּן עֲקַבְיָא אוֹמֵר, חֻקָּה הָאֲמוּרָה בְּפֶסַח אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא גּוּפוּ. (וְ)כָּל בֶּן נֵכַר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ. אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל מוּמָר וְאֶחָד גּוֹי בְּמַשְׁמַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהִים כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר עֶרֶל לֵב וְעֶרֶל בָּשָׂר לֹא יָבוֹא אֶל מִקְדָּשִׁי". (להלן פסוק מח) וְכָל עָרֵל לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ", כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ. מְשֻׁמָּדוּת (פְּסוּלוֹת) [פּוֹסֶלֶת] בְּפֶסַח וְאֵין מְשֻׁמָּדוּת (פְּסוּלוֹת) [פּוֹסֶלֶת] בִּתְרוּמָה. וְאִצְטְרִיךְ, דְּאִי כָּתַב רַחֲמָנָא עָרֵל, מִשּׁוּם דְּלֵית לֵיהּ מִילָה אֲבָל בֶּן נֵכָר דְּאִית לֵיהּ מִילָה אֵימָא לָא. וְאִי אַשְׁמְעִינָן בֶּן נֵכָר, מִשּׁוּם דְּאֵין לִבּוֹ לַשָּׁמַיִם, אֲבָל עָרֵל דְּלִבּוֹ לַשָּׁמַיִם אֵימָא לָא, צְרִיכָא. תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ, "בּוֹ" אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל בְּמַצָּה וּמָרוֹר. וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ, "בּוֹ", מִילַת זְכָרָיו וַעֲבָדָיו מְעַכֶּבֶת וְאֵין מִילַת זְכָרָיו וַעֲבָדָיו מְעַכֶּבֶת בִּתְרוּמָה. (להלן פסוק מו) "וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ", "בוֹ" בְּכָשֵׁר וְלֹא בְּפָסוּל.