"And every man's servant" (Exodus 12:44). I know only of a man's servant; how do I know the servant of a woman or a minor? Scripture teaches, "bought with money," from any source. Shmuel said: One who declares his servant ownerless has gone free and needs no writ of emancipation, as it is said, "and every man's servant bought with money," a man's servant and not a woman's servant; rather, a servant over whom his master has authority is called a servant, and one over whom his master has no authority is not called a servant. "And when you have circumcised him, then he shall eat of it" teaches that the circumcision of his servants prevents him from eating the Passover. I know only of the circumcision of his servants; how do I know the circumcision of his males? You may reason it out: "then" is said here and "then" is said further on; just as further on it concerns the circumcision of his males, so here it concerns the circumcision of his males, and just as here it concerns the circumcision of his servants, so further on it concerns the circumcision of his servants; these are the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yishmael says: The circumcision of his servants does not prevent him from eating the Passover. Then what does Scripture teach by "and when you have circumcised him, then he shall eat of it"? Rather, if a man had uncircumcised servants before him, how do we know that if he wished to circumcise them and feed them the Passover he is permitted? Scripture teaches, "and when you have circumcised him, then he shall eat of it." We find that he is permitted to keep uncircumcised servants, as it is said, "that the son of your handmaid may be refreshed" (Exodus 23:12). Rabbi Eliezer says: He is not permitted to keep uncircumcised servants, as it is said, "and when you have circumcised him." If so, what does Scripture teach by "that the son of your handmaid may be refreshed"? Rather, that his master acquired him on the eve of the Sabbath at dusk and did not manage to circumcise him before it grew dark; therefore it is said, "that the son of your handmaid and the stranger may be refreshed." Another interpretation: "and when you have circumcised him, then he shall eat of it." Why is it said? To include one in whom the commandment of circumcision was fulfilled even for a single hour, that even though the flesh grew back and covered the corona, it does not prevent him from eating, neither the Passover nor the heave-offering; and concerning this our teachers took a count at Lod and said it does not interpose with regard to ritual impurity.
The Circumcision of a Master's Servants and the Passover
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 211:3
וְכָל עֶבֶד אִישׁ. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא עֶבֶד אִישׁ, עֶבֶד אִשָּׁה וְקָטָן מִנַּיִן תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר מִקְנַת כָּסֶף מִכָּל מָקוֹם. אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל, הַמַּפְקִיר עַבְדּוֹ יָצָא לַחֵרוּת וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ גֵּט שִׁחְרוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְכָל עֶבֶד אִישׁ מִקְנַת כָּסֶף, עֶבֶד אִישׁ וְלֹא עֶבֶד אִשָּׁה אֶלָּא עֶבֶד שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְרַבּוֹ רְשׁוּת עָלָיו קָרוּי עֶבֶד, שֶׁאֵין לְרַבּוֹ רְשׁוּת עָלָיו אֵין קָרוּי עֶבֶד. וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ מַגִּיד שֶׁמִּילַת עֲבָדָיו מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל בַּפֶּסַח. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מִילַת עֲבָדָיו, מִילַת זְכָרָיו מִנַּיִן הֲרֵי אַתָּה דָּן, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן אָז וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן "אָז", מַה לְהַלָּן מִילַת זְכָרָיו אַף כָּאן מִילַת זְכָרָיו מַה כָּאן מִילַת עֲבָדָיו אַף לְהַלָּן מִילַת עֲבָדָיו דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, אֵין מִילַת עֲבָדָיו מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל בַּפֶּסַח, וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיוּ לְפָנָיו עֲבָדָיו עֲרֵלִים, מִנַּיִן שֶׁאִם רָצָה לְמוֹהֲלָן וּלְהַאֲכִילָן בַּפֶּסַח שֶׁהוּא רַשַּׁאי, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ, מָצִינוּ שֶׁהוּא רַשַּׁאי לְקַיֵּם לוֹ עֲבָדִים עֲרֵלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג, יב) "וְיִנָּפֵשׁ בֶּן אֲמָתְךָ", רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַיֵּם לוֹ עֲבָדִים עֲרֵלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ. אִם כֵּן מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר "וְיִנָּפֵשׁ בֶּן אֲמָתְךָ", אֶלָּא שֶׁלְּקָחוֹ רַבּוֹ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת עִם חֲשֵׁכָה וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְמוֹהֲלוֹ עַד שֶׁחָשְׁכָה לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר "וְיִּנָּפֵשׁ בֶּן אֲמָתְךָ וְהַגֵּר". דָּבָר אַחֵר, וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ. לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר, לְהָבִיא אֶת שֶׁנִּתְקַיְּמָה בּוֹ מִצְוַת מִילָה [אֲפִלּוּ] שָׁעָה אַחַת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר הַבָּשָׂר וְחִפָּה אֶת הָעֲטָרָה אֵינוֹ מְעַכְּבוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל לֹא בְּפֶסַח וְלֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְעַל זֶה נִמְנוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בְּלוּד וְאָמְרוּ אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ לְטֻמְאָה.