The Table of the Shewbread and the Altar That Atones

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 369:3

"And you shall make a table" (Exodus 25:23-30). The table was ten handbreadths long and five wide, and the shewbread ten long and five wide. One placed the bread with its length against the width of the table, folding two and a half handbreadths on this side and two and a half on that side, so that its length filled the width of the table. These are the words of Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Meir says: the table was twelve long and six wide, the shewbread ten long and five wide; one places its length against the width of the table, folding two on this side and two on that, with two handbreadths of space in the middle so that the air may blow between them. Abba Shaul says: there they would place the two dishes of frankincense of the shewbread. They said to him: but is it not written, "And you shall put pure frankincense upon each row"? He said to them: but is it not also written, "and next to him the tribe of Manasseh" (Numbers 2:20) [meaning the side dishes likewise stand beside, not upon]. Four golden supports were there, split at their tops, to brace two loaves of this row and two of that. Twenty-eight reeds shaped like half a hollow reed, fourteen for this row and fourteen for that. Neither arranging the reeds nor removing them overrides the Sabbath; rather one enters on the eve of Sabbath, draws them out, and lays them along the length of the table. All the vessels in the Sanctuary lay along the length of the House. Two tables stood in the hall inside, at the entrance of the House: one of marble and one of gold. On the marble they set the shewbread as it came in, on the gold as it went out, for in matters of holiness one raises and does not lower. And one gold table within bore the shewbread continually. Four priests would enter: two with the two rows in their hands and two with the two dishes, and four went ahead of them, two to take up the two rows and two to take up the two dishes. Those bringing in stood at the north facing south, and those taking out stood at the south facing north; these drew out and those laid down, a handbreadth of this beside a handbreadth of that, as it is said, "before Me continually" (Exodus 25:30). Rabbi Yose says: even if these took up and those laid down afterward, this too counted as continual. It was taught: how was the shewbread made? Rabbi Hanina said, like an open box; Rabbi Yohanan said, like a rocking ship. The Gemara weighs both shapes against the placing of the dishes, the reeds, and the supports. Rabbi Abba bar Mamel said: according to the one who says "like a rocking ship," the supports rest upon the table; according to the one who says "like an open box," the supports rest upon the ground. Rav Yehudah said: the bread holds up the supports and the supports hold up the bread, which accords with "a rocking ship." Resh Lakish said: what is the meaning of "upon the pure table" (Leviticus 24:6)? By implication it can become impure. Rather, it teaches that they would raise it up for the pilgrims at the festivals and show them the shewbread, saying, "See how beloved you are before the Omnipresent," as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: a great miracle was done with the shewbread; its removal was like its arrangement, as it is said, "to set hot bread on the day it was taken away" (1 Samuel 21:7) [it stayed warm a full week]. Since the Merciful One called it wood, as it is said, "the altar of wood... and he said to me, This is the table that is before the LORD" (Ezekiel 41:22), it begins with "altar" and ends with "table." Rabbi Yohanan and Rabbi Elazar both said: while the Temple stood, the altar atoned for a person; now a person's table atones for him. Whence the supports and the rest? Rav Ketina said: "and you shall make its dishes" (Exodus 25:29), these are the molds; "its spoons," these are the dishes; "its bowls," these are the supports; "its pans," these are the reeds; "with which to cover," that they join the bread together. Four loaves require three reeds each; the top loaf needs only two, since nothing rests upon it, and the bottom loaf needs none, for it lies on the bare surface of the table. Our Rabbis taught: Solomon made ten tables, as it is said, "and he made ten tables and placed them in the Temple, five on the right and five on the left" (compare 2 Chronicles 4:8). And if you say five to the right of the entrance and five to the left, then we would find a table in the south, but the Torah said, "and the table you shall set on the north side" (Exodus 26:35). Rather, the table of Moses stood in the center, five to its right and five to its left. Solomon made ten tables, but they arranged the bread only on that of Moses, as it is said, "and the table on which was the shewbread" (1 Kings 7:48). Rabbi Elazar son of Rabbi Shimon says: they arranged it on all of them, as it is said, "and the tables, and on them the shewbread." Rabbi Yose says: only on that of Moses. Rabbi Yose taught: even if one removed the old bread in the morning and arranged the new in the evening, it is of no consequence; how then do I uphold "before Me continually"? That the table should not pass a night without bread.

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