When Two People Carry One Loaf on the Sabbath

One who carries out a loaf into the public domain is liable. If two carried it out, Rabbi Meir holds them liable. Rabbi Yehudah says: if one alone could not carry it out and two carried it out, they are liable, but if one alone could, they are exempt. Rabbi Shimon says: even if one alone could not carry it out and two carried it out, they are exempt. Rabbi Shimon reasons that three exclusionary terms are written, "a soul shall sin," "one shall sin," "in doing it shall sin": one to exclude where this one uproots and that one sets down, one to exclude where this one is able and that one is able, and one to exclude where this one is not able and that one is not able. Rabbi Yehudah uses one to exclude this one uproots and that one sets down, one to exclude this one is able and that one is able, and one to exclude an individual who acted on a court's ruling. Rabbi Shimon follows his own view that an individual who acts on a court's ruling is liable. Rabbi Meir holds two exclusions are written, "a soul, one, shall sin" being the ordinary way of the verse, and "in doing it" excluding an individual who acted on a court's ruling. If a court ruled that forbidden fat is permitted, and a person confused forbidden fat with permitted fat, Rav says he is exempt and Rabbi Yochanan says he is liable. It is objected: "of the people of the land" excludes an apostate. Rabbi Shimon ben Yehudah says in the name of Rabbi Shimon: "which ought not to be done in error, and it becomes known to him" teaches that one who returns from his error through knowledge brings an offering for his inadvertence. Rava said that Rav concedes the offender does not complete a majority of the community, for Scripture says "for it was in error to all the people" (Numbers 15:26), until all of them are in one error. "And he does one of these" is written in the symbol marked at 391.