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God Compared Balaam's Seven Altars to a Fraudulent Scale

Balak's ministers waited beside the burning offerings while Balaam went off alone to meet God. What met him opened by calling him an evil man.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Seven Altars on the High Ground
  2. The Money-Changer and the Head of the Market
  3. The Word Went In Like a Nail
  4. The Man Who Toured With Robbers
  5. The Butcher Petting the King's Cow
God Compared Balaam's Seven Altars to a Fraudulent Scale Click for full size

Seven Altars on the High Ground

Balaam had the altars built to his own specification. Seven of them, on a ridge with the Israelite camp spread out below. Seven bulls. Seven rams. One of each burning on every altar, so that seven columns of fat smoke went up off that hilltop at once.

He told Balak to stay with the offerings. Then he walked away from the fires by himself, out to where the ground went quiet, to see whether anything would come and meet him.

Something came.

The Money-Changer and the Head of the Market

"You evil man. What are you doing?"

Balaam did not answer the question. He answered with his invoice. "I have prepared the seven altars, and I have offered a ram and a bull on each altar."

He was a money-changer with a fraudulent scale.

Picture the man. He sits in the market with his weights, and the weights are wrong, and every customer who comes to his table walks away short. The head of the marketplace comes through on his rounds and sees it in a second, the way a man who does this for a living always sees it.

"What is this? You are inflating the weights. You are lying with them."

And the money-changer does not deny anything. He says, "I already sent a gift to your house."

That was the seven altars. That was fourteen animals burned on a ridge by a man who had come up the ridge to curse a nation for a fee, and who thought the smoke would settle the account before the audit started.

"Better a meal of greens where there is love," came the answer, "than a fattened ox with hatred in it. Better the flat bread and the bitter herbs Israel ate in Egypt than your bulls, offered with hands full of hate."

The Word Went In Like a Nail

Then God put a word in Balaam's mouth.

Not laid it on his tongue. Put it in, the way a bit goes into a horse. It twisted the mouth and it pierced it, the way a nail is driven through a board, and the man who had spent his life selling the contents of his own mouth to the highest bidder discovered that his mouth now belonged to someone else. Rabbi Eliezer said an angel did the speaking. Rabbi Joshua said it was God, with no angel in between.

Balaam walked back down.

Balak was standing exactly where he had been left, beside his burnt offerings, and all the ministers of Moab were standing with him, waiting to hear a nation destroyed.

"How shall I curse whom God has not cursed? How shall I denounce whom God has not denounced?"

He had come from Aram, from the eastern hills, and he said so out loud in front of the whole delegation, and the sentence had a second meaning packed into it that only he could hear. I was one of the high ones. Balak has brought me down. Brought me down the way the dead are brought down, into the pit.

The Man Who Toured With Robbers

There was a man who used to walk with the king.

One day, walking, he saw robbers on the road, and he peeled off and went with them and toured around in their company for a while. When he had finished with the robbers he came back and took his place at the king's side as though the road had never forked.

The king said: "Go and walk with the ones you toured with. You do not walk with me again."

Balaam had been tied to the holy spirit. He hired himself to Balak, and the spirit went, and what he had left was what he had started with before any of it, the trade of a fortune-teller reading omens for money. When the sword found him years later, on the field with the kings of Midian, the record did not call him a prophet. It called him Balaam son of Beor, the diviner.

The Butcher Petting the King's Cow

The oracle ended with a wish that has been read at funerals ever since. Let me die the death of the upright, and let my end be like his.

There was a butcher who came to the yard to slaughter a cow, and the cow belonged to the king. He had the knife out when he noticed the king watching him from the window.

So he dropped the knife in the straw. He put both hands on the animal and rubbed it down, along the neck, over the flank, the way a man does with a beast he intends to keep. He filled the feeding trough to the top. And he said, loudly enough to carry, "Let my life be forfeit for coming here to slaughter it. But look. Look how I have fed it."

Balaam stood on the ridge with his hands still smelling of the offerings, in front of a king who had paid him and a nation he had been paid to destroy, and blessed them, and asked to die like one of them.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 12Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

(Numb. 23:4:) “Then God encountered Balaam.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, “You evil man! What are you doing?” (Ibid. cont.) “And [Balaam] said unto him, ‘I have prepared the seven altars [and offered a ram and a bull on each altar].’” [The matter] is comparable to a money-changer who lies about the weights. When the head of the marketplace came, he noticed him. He said to him, “What are you doing inflating and lying about the weights?” [The money changer then] said to him, “I have already sent a gift to your house.” So also it was in the case of Balaam. The holy spirit cried out to him. It said to him, “You evil man! What are you doing.” He said to it (in Numb. 23:4), “I have prepared the seven altars [and offered a ram and a bull on each altar].” It said to him (in Prov. 15:17), “’Better a meal of vegetable greens [where there is love than a fattened ox with hatred in it].’ Better the dinner of unleavened bread and bitter herbs which Israel ate in Egypt, than bulls which you offer with hands of [hatred].” (Numb. 23:5:) “So the Lord put a word (davar) in Balaam's mouth,” which twisted his mouth and pierced it, as one would drive a nail into a board. R. Eliezer (understanding davar as word) says, “An angel was speaking.” But R. Joshua says, “[It was] the Holy One, blessed be He, as stated, (in Numb. 23:5), “Return unto Balak and speak thus.” (Numb. 23:6:) “So he returned unto him, and there he was standing beside his burnt offerings with all the ministers of Moab,” who stood anxiously awaiting [the time] when he would come and speak. (Numb. 23:7:) “So he took up his theme and said, ‘From Aram, Balak the king of Moab has brought me, from the hills of the east.’” I was one of the exalted ones, but Balak has brought me down to the pit of corruption. (Ibid.) “Brought me (yanheni, rt. nhh),” [is to be understood] just as you say (in Ezek. 32:18), “bring (rt. nhh) the masses of Egypt [and cast them down… unto the lowest part of the netherworld along with those who go down to the pit].” Another interpretation (of Numb. 23:7), “From Aram.” I was with the highest (ram) of the high, and Balak has brought me down from my glory. [The matter] is comparable to one who was walking with the king. When he saw [some] robbers, he left the king and toured along with the robbers. When he returned to be with the king, the king said to him, “Go with whomever you have toured with, because it not possible for you to walk with me again.” Similarly Balaam had been bound to the holy spirit. When he paired himself with Balak, the holy spirit departed from him. So he returned to being a diviner as in the beginning. Thus it is stated (at his execution in Josh. 13:22), “Balaam ben Beor the diviner….” Therefore did he say, “I was high up (ram), and Balak brought me down.” Another interpretation (of Numb. 23:7), “From Aram, Balak the king of Moab has brought me, from the hills of the east.” [Balaam] said to [Balak], “We are alike, even both of us, for being ungrateful, because were it not for our father Abraham, there would have been no Balak. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 19:29), ‘And it came to pass that when God destroyed the cities of the plain, God remembered Abraham and sent Lot away.’ Except for Abraham, he would not have delivered Lot from Sodom; and you are one of the children of the children of Lot. If it were not for their father Jacob, I should not have been present in the world, because Laban had sons only through the merit of Jacob, since it is written at the beginning (in Gen. 29:9), ‘Rachel came with the sheep.’ Now if he had sons, how was his daughter a shepherdess? As soon as Jacob came there, sons were given to him, as stated (in Gen. 31:1), ‘Now he heard the things that Laban's sons [were saying].’ And it also says [that Laban said] (in Gen. 30:27), ‘I have learned by divination that the Lord has blessed me for your sake.’ So if it were not for their ancestors, you and I would not have been present in the world”. (Numb. 23:7, cont.) “Come, curse Jacob for me.” Whoever curses the Children of Jacob is cursing himself, since it is stated (in Gen. 12:3), “and the one who curses you, I will curse.” It also says (in Gen. 27:29), “cursed be those who curse you, and blessed be those who bless you.” (Numb. 23:7:) “Come, curse [Jacob] for me.” If you had told me to curse another people, for example, the Children of Abraham from the concubines, I would have been able [to do so]. But Jacob? When a king selects a portion for himself, and someone else gets up and speaks disparagingly about it, will he keep his life? Now these people are the Holy One, blessed be He’s, heritage, His portion, and His treasure. Thus it is stated (in Deut. 32:9), “For the Lord's share is His people; Jacob the portion of His heritage.” And it is written (in Exod. 19:5), “and you shall be My treasure.” (Numb. 23:7, cont.) “And come, denounce Israel.” When a king takes a crown and puts it on his head, and someone says of it that it is nothing, will he keep his life? Now in regard to these people it is written about them (in Is. 49:3), “Israel, in whom I will be glorified.” (Numb. 23:8:) “How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?” When they deserved to be cursed, they were not cursed, when Jacob went in to receive the blessings. It is written (in Gen. 27:16), “Then [she clothed his arms and the hairless part of his neck] with the skins of goat kids.” His father said to him (in Gen. 27:18), “Who are you?” He said to him (in vs. 19), “I am Esau, your first-born.” Does not the one who puts forth a lie with his mouth deserve to be cursed? But not only [was he not cursed], but he was blessed; as stated (in Gen. 27:33), “he shall also be blessed.” So how do I curse them? (In the words of Numb. 23:8) “God has not cursed.” Another interpretation (of Numb. 23:8), “How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?” According to universal custom, when a legion rebels against the king, it incurs the penalty of death. Now since these denied and revolted against Him, when they said to the calf (in Exod. 32:4), “This is your God, O Israel,” did they not, therefore, deserve to have Him destroy them at that time? [Still] He did not cease to cherish them. Instead He had clouds of glory accompany them. Nor did He withhold the manna and the well from them. And so it says (in Neh. 9:18-20), “Even though they had made themselves a molten calf […], You in Your great mercies did not abandon them in the desert […]; and You did not withhold Your manna from their mouth […].” How can I curse them? This [question] is related (to Numb. 23:8), “How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?” When He commanded them concerning the blessings and the curses, He mentioned them (as the people) in connection with the blessings where it is stated (in Deut. 27:12), “These shall stand [on Mount Gerizim] for blessing the people;” but He did not mention them in connection with the curses. Thus it is stated (in vs. 13), “And these shall stand on Mount Ebal for the curse.” Moreover, when they sin and He plans to bring a curse upon them, it is not written that He Himself is bringing them (i.e. the curses); but with respect to the blessings, He Himself is blessing them; for so it says (in Deut. 28:1, 8), “And it shall come to pass that, if you diligently obey […], the Lord your God will set you high [over all the nations of the earth]. The Lord will command the blessing to be with you.” But with respect to the curses, it is written (according to Deut. 28:15), “And it shall come to pass that, if you do not obey […], then [all these curses] shall come upon you,” [i.e.] of their own accord. Ergo (in Numb. 23:8), “How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?” (Numb. 23:9:) “For from the top of the rocks I see him,” in order to make the hatred of that evil man (i.e. Balaam) known to you. As from his blessing you may know his thoughts. To what is he comparable? To someone who came to chop down a tree. One who is not an expert chops off the branches one at a time and becomes tired, but the clever one exposes the roots and [then] chops it down. Similarly that wicked man said, “How shall I curse each and every tribe? Rather I will go to their roots.” When he came to touch them, he found them hard [to cut]. It is therefore stated (in Numb. 23:9), “For from the top of the rocks I see him.” Another interpretation (of Numb. 23:9), “For from the top of the rocks,” these are the patriarchs; (ibid. cont.) “and from the hills I behold him,” these are the matriarchs. (Numb. 23:9, cont.) “Here is a people dwelling alone.” When He makes them rejoice, no nation rejoices along with them. Rather they are all afflicted, [as stated (in Deut. 32:12),] “The Lord alone did lead him, and there was no foreign god with him.” (Numb. 23:9, cont.), “And they shall not be reckoned (rt. hshb) among the nations.” But when the nations are rejoicing in this world, they (i.e. the Children of Israel) eat with each and every kingdom, and no one is charging [such pleasures] against their account (rt: hshb). It is so stated (in Numb. 23:9, cont.), “and they shall not be reckoned (rt. hshb) among the nations.” (Numb. 23:10:) “Who has counted the dust of Jacob?” Who is able to count the commandments which they carry out upon the dust: (In Deut. 22:10,) “You shall not plow with an ox and an ass together”; (in Deut. 22:9,) “You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed”; (in Numb. 19:9,) “Then someone clean shall gather the ashes of the heifer”; (in Numb. 5:17,) “[Then the high priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel] and some of the dust which is on the floor of the tabernacle”; (in Lev. 19:23,) “[Moreover, when you come into the land and plant any tree for food, you shall count its fruit as forbidden,] three years it shall be forbidden to you, [it shall not be eaten]”; and so on with all of them. (Numb. 23:10, cont.) “Or numbered the sand (rb') of Israel,” [i.e.] their copulations (rt. rb'). Who can number the masses that have emerged from them, from those women who seize on and cherish the commandments (of procreation), as stated (in Gen. 30:15), “But she said to her, ‘Is it a small matter that you have taken away my husband?’” [And so too (in Gen. 30:3, 9),] “Here is my maid Bilhah; go into her.” “When Leah saw that she had ceased bearing children, [she took her maidservant Zilpah and gave her to Jacob as a wife].” [And so too (in Gen. 16:3),] “So Abraham's wife Sarai took her maidservant Hagar the Egyptian… [and gave her to her husband Abraham as a wife].” (Numb. 23:10, cont.) “Let me die the death of the upright.” The matter is comparable to a butcher who came to slaughter a cow that belonged to a king. The king began to take notice. When [the butcher] realized [what was happening], he began by discarding the knife, then giving [the cow] a rubdown [and] filling the feeding trough for it. He began to say, “Let my life be forfeit for coming to slaughter it; but observe that I have [now given it sustenance].” Similarly Balaam said, “Let my life be forfeit for coming to curse, but I will bless [them].” Ergo (in Numb. 23:10), “let me die the death of the upright!”

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Targum Onkelos, Numbers 23Targum Onkelos

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria-hosted English Targum translation · Public Domain

The Hebrew Bible records Balaam's first two oracles over Israel (Numbers 23), and both times, the pagan prophet finds himself unable to curse what God has blessed. Targum Onkelos translates these oracles with minimal deviation, because Balaam's words, spoken under divine compulsion, are already theologically correct.

"How can I curse when God has not cursed? What divine wrath can I evoke if God has not been angry?" (Numbers 23:8). Onkelos translates this verbatim. The logic is airtight. Cursing requires divine backing. Without it, the prophet's words are empty air.

The key divergences come in the bracketed additions. "A people which shall dwell alone" (Numbers 23:9). Onkelos adds: "and are destined to inhabit the world, and will not be judged for annihilation." The isolation of Israel is not weakness. It is destiny. Other nations may rise and fall, subject to cosmic judgment. Israel endures.

"Who can count the dust of Jacob?" (Numbers 23:10). Onkelos specifies: "the dust of the house of Jacob, of whom it is said they will multiply as the dust of the earth." The metaphor is grounded in God's earlier promise to Abraham. Balaam's poetry, in Onkelos's hands, becomes a recitation of covenant history.

The second oracle introduces one of Onkelos's sharpest theological claims. "God is not like man that He should act falsely, nor is He mortal that He should change His mind" (Numbers 23:19). Onkelos expands: "God's word is not as that of man who speaks with deceit. Nor is it as that of mankind who decree and then change their mind. He says and does, and His word endures." This is Onkelos's entire theological program distilled into a single verse: God's Word is the ultimate reality, unchanging, undeceitful, and permanent.

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Tikkunei Zohar 101:24Tikkunei Zohar

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria-hosted English translation · CC-BY

Jewish mysticism often explores this very idea, the hiddenness of God, the hiddenness of ourselves. And sometimes, that hiddenness is tied to moments of judgment, moments when things feel...off. to a fascinating little snippet from the Tikkunei (spiritual repair) Zohar, a core text of Kabbalah that expands on the original Zohar. Here, we're exploring a verse from the Torah and a verse from Psalms, linking them to some pretty intense spiritual concepts.

The Tikkunei Zohar zeroes in on Balaam, that ambiguous prophet in the Book of Numbers. Remember him? The one hired to curse the Israelites, but who ends up blessing them instead? He says, "He has not seen sin in Jacob, nor has He seen perversity in Israel" (Num. 23:21). Seems straightforward. God doesn't see the Israelites' flaws. But the Tikkunei Zohar takes a sharp turn. It equates "perversity and sin" with Samael (the angel of death) and the snake.

Whoa. Samael is often considered the angel of death or a powerful, adversarial force. And the snake? Well, that brings us right back to the Garden of Eden and the whole story of temptation and the introduction of evil into the world. So, what's the Tikkunei Zohar trying to tell us?

It suggests that even when things look rosy The first reading – when Balaam is proclaiming Israel's innocence – these darker forces are still present, lurking beneath. They are the "sin" and "perversity" that God, in a sense, chooses not to see.

But the passage doesn't stop there. It goes on to say that when these forces "oppress Her so-as-to look upon Her, She is self-concealed from everything." Who is "Her"? In Kabbalah, this often refers to the Shekhinah, the Divine Presence, the feminine aspect of God that dwells in the world. When negativity and judgment are rampant, the Shekhinah withdraws. The Divine Presence becomes hidden.

And when does this happen? “In the seventh month.” The text then quotes (Psalm 81:4): "Blow the ram’s horn on the New Moon, on the appointed time for the day of our festival." Now, here's where it gets really interesting. The Tikkunei Zohar asks, "What is… 'on the appointed time' (keseh)?" And it answers: "In the month in which the moon is self-concealed (it-kasya)." The seventh month, Tishrei, is when we celebrate Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur, the High Holy Days. Rosh Hashanah, the New Year, is literally timed with the new moon – when the moon is at its darkest, most "self-concealed." Yom Kippur follows soon after, a day of intense introspection and atonement.

So, the Tikkunei Zohar is connecting the dots: the presence of negative forces, the hiding of the Divine Presence, and the time of year when we are called to look inward, to confront our own shortcomings and strive for renewal. The "self-concealment" of the moon mirrors the self-concealment of the Divine.

What does it all mean? Maybe it's a reminder that even in times of celebration and apparent blessings, we need to be aware of the shadows. That spiritual work isn't just about basking in the light, but also about confronting the darkness within ourselves and in the world. Perhaps, by acknowledging the "perversity and sin," by recognizing the forces that obscure the Divine, we can actually draw closer to the Shekhinah, to the hidden God. By blowing the shofar, by making noise, we can pierce the veil.

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