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Haman Consulted the Zodiac and Every Sign Refused

Before casting the lot, Haman interrogated each sign of the zodiac. Every constellation gave him the same answer: do not touch Israel.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Investigation Before the Lot
  2. What Each Constellation Said
  3. Why He Cast the Lot Anyway
  4. What the Stars Were Pointing At

The Investigation Before the Lot

Haman did not cast the lot in ignorance. He was methodical, a planner, a man who had spent years in the Persian court learning that timing was everything in any campaign requiring royal authorization. Before he approached the king, before he asked for the ring, before he drew up the edict, he consulted the stars.

He worked through all twelve signs of the zodiac, interrogating each one for the ideal moment to destroy the Jewish people. He moved through them the way a general studies a map, looking for the weakness, looking for the opening, looking for the position from which an attack would be both decisive and irreversible. What he found in the stars was not a timetable. It was a series of refusals.

What Each Constellation Said

The Ram spoke first. It told him that Israel is a scattered sheep, and asked how any father could send his own flock to slaughter. The animal that led the zodiac had no timing to offer him and only a question he had no answer for.

The Bull declared that Joseph, Israel's ancestor, was called a firstling bullock in Deuteronomy, a figure of strength whose lineage made his descendants impossible to simply sweep away. The Twins pointed to Tamar, who bore twin sons to Judah against all probability, the persistence of a line that refused to end. The Crab warned that those who oppress Israel would be scratched in return, citing the same promise embedded in Israel's own covenant.

The Lion told him that the tribe of Judah was called a lion's whelp in Genesis, and that the whelp grows. The Virgin pointed to Esther, who was even then inside the palace, waiting. Haman did not understand that reference yet. He continued. The Scales said judgment falls on those who attempt Israel's destruction. The Scorpion named the serpent that could not defeat Israel in the wilderness.

The Archer reminded him that Ishmael's arrow against Isaac had missed. The Goat cited the ram that had saved Isaac at the binding, the intervention that established a principle about what happens to men who raise their hands against the one on the altar. The Water-carrier said that the waters of the sea had already once drowned Israel's enemies and would do so again if required. The Fish was the last sign, and it said only that Israel would multiply like fish, endlessly, below any level at which they can be caught and counted.

Why He Cast the Lot Anyway

Every sign refused him. Every constellation in the wheel of the year told him, in its own language, through its own history with Israel, that the plan would not hold. He had consulted the full circuit of the stars and received unanimous opposition, and he cast the lot anyway.

The lot fell on the month of Adar. He read this as favorable: Moses had died in Adar, and he concluded that the month of a great man's death was a month of bad fortune for Israel. He had heard twelve refusals and found in the thirteenth throw a reason to proceed.

The tradition does not present this as irrationality. It presents it as the specific blindness of a man who has decided on an outcome and is now using evidence-gathering as a performance rather than a genuine inquiry. He was not consulting the stars to find out whether to proceed. He was consulting them to find a number, a date, a justification for a decision already made. The stars gave him no such thing. He took Adar anyway.

What the Stars Were Pointing At

The twelve refusals were not abstract. Each constellation cited a specific episode from Israel's history in which a threat had been met and overcome. Each one was a compressed record of a failed attempt to destroy what kept surviving. Haman, working through them, was receiving a curriculum in exactly the pattern he was about to repeat. He was being shown, star by star, the historical precedent for what he was attempting and the historical result every previous attempt had produced.

He dismissed the curriculum. He found his date. He went to the king with his proposal and his ten thousand silver talents, and the pattern the twelve constellations had been trying to describe to him continued to its completion in exactly the way they had indicated.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews 12:113Legends of the Jews

In the Megillah, the Book of Esther, we read of Haman's wicked plot to annihilate the Jews of ancient Persia. But did you know there’s more to the story? The Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, draws on a wealth of Midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) and Talmudic sources to fill in gaps and offer deeper insights into the biblical narrative. And when it comes to Haman's motivations, let's just say he left no stone unturned – or rather, no constellation unexamined.

So, what did Haman do? He consulted the stars, of course! He investigated the twelve signs of the zodiac, hoping to find the perfect time to carry out his evil plan. And what he discovered, or thought he discovered, was that the month of Adar – the very month in which Purim is celebrated – was the most unfavorable for the Jews.

In legend, the constellations themselves spoke to Haman, each offering a reason why he shouldn't harm Israel.

The first constellation, the Ram (Aries), protested, "'Israel is a scattered sheep,' and how canst thou expect a father to offer his son for slaughter?" In other words, how could Haman possibly harm a people so vulnerable and beloved?

Then came the Bull (Taurus), declaring, "Israel's ancestor was 'the firstling bullock.'" This is a reference to Joseph, who is compared to a bullock in (Deuteronomy 33:17), highlighting the strength and importance of Israel's heritage.

Next up were the Twins (Gemini), who pointed out, "As we are twins, so Tamar bore twins to Judah." This alludes to the story in Genesis 38, where Tamar cleverly secures her lineage by bearing twins, Perez and Zerah, to her father-in-law Judah. This symbolized the resilience and resourcefulness of the Jewish people.

Even the Crab (Cancer) had something to say. It declared, "As I am called Saratan, the scratcher, so it is said of Israel, 'All that oppress him, he shall scratch sorely.'" The name Saratan, meaning "scratcher" in Hebrew, echoes the biblical promise that those who harm Israel will ultimately suffer the consequences (Numbers 24:9).

What does this all mean? It’s easy to dismiss these tales as fanciful additions to the "real" story. But I think that misses the point. These legends, drawn from various sources like Midrash Rabbah, are actually insightful interpretations that give voice to the anxieties and hopes of the Jewish people. They reflect a deep-seated belief that even the cosmos itself is invested in their fate.

So, the next time you look up at the night sky, remember Haman and his astrological inquiries. And remember that even when the stars seem aligned against you, there's always hope, resilience, and perhaps, a touch of divine intervention.

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Esther Rabbah 7:12Esther Rabbah

“Haman said to King Aḥashverosh: There is one people that is scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from every people’s, and they do not keep the king’s laws; it is not worthwhile for the king to tolerate them” (Esther 3:8). “Haman said to King Aḥashverosh: There is [yeshno] one people” – the one of whom it is stated: “The Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4); He is asleep [yashen] for His people. The Holy One blessed be He said to him [Haman]: ‘There is no sleep before Me; that is what is written: “Behold, the guardian of Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps” (Psalms 121:4), and you say that there is sleep before Me? By your life, I will awaken from sleep against that man and eliminate him from the world;’ that is what is written: “Then the Lord awoke as if from sleep…He drove his foes into retreat” (Psalms 78:65–66).Another matter: “There is one people” – he [Haman] said: ‘Their teeth are big, as they eat and drink and say: Delight in Shabbat (the Sabbath), delight in the festivals. They cause a decrease in the assets of the world; once every seven days – Shabbat, once every thirty days – the New Moon, in Nisan – Passover, in Sivan – Shavuot (the Festival of Weeks), in Tishrei – Rosh Hashana and the great fast [Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement)], and the festival of Sukkot (the Festival of Tabernacles).’ Aḥashverosh said to him: ‘So they are commanded in their Torah.’ Haman said to him: ‘Had they observed their holidays and our holidays, they would have done well, but they treat your holidays with contempt. “And they do not follow the king’s laws” – as they observe neither calends nor Saturnalia.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘Wicked one, you are casting aspersions on their festivals, I will bring you down before them and they will add another festival over your downfall.’ These are the days of Purim; that is what is written: “A fool’s mouth is ruin for him” (Proverbs 18:7).“It is not worthwhile for the king to tolerate them.” For everything that Haman denounced Israel below, [the angel] Michael would advocate for them above. He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe! Your children are being denounced not because they engaged in idol worship, and not for engaging in licentiousness, and not for bloodshed; rather they are being denounced for observing your laws.’ He said to him: ‘I have not, and I will not forsake them.’ That is what is written: “For the Lord will not forsake His people for the sake of His great name” (I Samuel 12:22). Whether they are guilty or innocent, in any case it is impossible to forsake them, because the world cannot exist without Israel.“If a man were to give all the wealth of his house…” (Song of Songs 8:7) – that is Haman the wicked, who gave ten thousand silver talents to obliterate Israel, “…he would be scorned” (Ibid.).

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